基于GIS和RUSLE的滇西北山区土壤侵蚀空间特征分析——以云南省丽江县为例

土壤侵蚀空间分布特征,是进行土壤侵蚀防治规划、实践的重要基础与依据。研究以云南省丽江县为例,应用RUSLE估算了县域土壤侵蚀量,并基于G IS的空间统计分析功能,分析了土壤侵蚀在海拔、坡度与土地利用类型等方面的空间分布特征。结果表明,全县平均土壤侵蚀模数为52.50 t/(hm2.a),属于强度侵蚀,县域东部的金沙江沿岸、3 500~6 000 m高程带、25°~90°坡度带,以及裸地与荒草地、旱地等不同类型区域是研究区土壤侵蚀治理的重点地区。     

Pumpellyite in Low-grade Metamorphism

The regional metamorphism of the Kant? Mountains in Japan producedrocks of the following facies, with rising temperature: chloritefacies, pumpellyite-chlorite facies, glauco-phane-schist facies,and greenschist facies. This relationship is compared with theprogressive metamorphic zones in other regions where pumpellyitehas been found. Almost similar relations appear to hold in manymetamorphic terrains. Pumpellyites in glaucophanitic metamorphicterrains have, generally, low Fe'/R'R ratios. Physical andchemical conditions responsible for the formation of pumpellyiteare also discussed.     

高温炉燃烧-红外吸收法测定重铀酸盐中硫质量分数

建立了高温燃烧红外碳硫仪测定重铀酸盐中硫质量分数的分析方法。样品以五氧化二钒为助熔剂,在高温炉燃烧后,用红外吸收测定重铀酸盐中的硫,样品分析重现性好,精密度高,相对标准偏差为0.26%;样品加标回收率在97.1%~103%之间。     

地震勘探在东兴盐矿的应用

在安徽定远东兴盐矿勘探中,通过采用地震反射波法与钻孔的对比分析,充分说明地震反射波法在第三系地层中寻找石膏矿、岩盐等沉积型矿藏有着良好的应用前景。     

甘肃天水地区45a来强降水与洪涝灾害特征分析

洪涝灾害是一种常见的自然灾害,对农业生产和人民生活有极大的影响.通过对甘肃天水地区强降水和洪涝灾害事件资料的整理,对其强降水事件、洪涝灾害变化特征以及二者间地联系进行了分析研究.现有资料统计显示,天水地区没出现过整个区域性洪涝灾害,以局地洪涝灾害为主,强降水事件和洪涝灾害具有显著的年代际和季节性变化特征.由于当地的土地蓄水性能很差,一般性的强降水就可能会产生洪涝灾害.随着气候变暖,这一地区的强降水事件和洪涝灾害呈增加趋势,建议当前应加强对局地强降水事件的防范工作.     

Fluid inclusion studies of the Abawso gold prospect,near the Ashanti Belt,Ghana

The major Ghanaian lode gold deposits are preferentially aligned along the western and eastern contacts of the Kumasi Basin with the Ashanti and Sefwi Belts, respectively. The investigated area of the Abawso small-scale concession, covering the workings of the old Ettadom mine, is situated 3 km west of the lithological contact of the Birimian metavolcanic rocks of the Akropong Belt in the east with the Birimian metasedimentary rocks of the Kumasi Basin in the west. The rocks of the Abawso concession represent a steeply NW-dipping limb of a SE-verging anticline with an axis plunging to the SW. Quartz veining occurs predominantly in the form of en échelon dilatational veins along NNE–SSW-striking shear zones of a few metres width and shows evidence of brittle and ductile deformation. Also stockwork-style quartz veining occurs in the vicinity of the main shaft of the old Ettadom mine. Hydrothermal alteration includes sericitisation, sulphidation and locally carbonatisation. The auriferous quartz veins mainly follow the trend of brittle to ductile deformed quartz veins; however, some occur in stockwork. Fluid inclusion studies reveal a large number of H₂O inclusions along intragranular trails in auriferous quartz vein samples, as well as an overall dominance of H₂O and H₂O-CO₂ inclusions over CO₂ inclusions. Textural observations and physico-chemical fluid inclusion properties indicate post-entrapment modifications for all quartz vein samples due to grain boundary migration recrystallisation. This process is interpreted to be responsible for the generation of the CO₂ inclusions from a H₂O-CO₂ parent fluid. In comparison with mineralisation at the Ashanti and Prestea deposits, which are characterised by CO₂±N₂ inclusions, the observed inclusion assemblage may be due to a shallower crustal level of mineralisation, or different degrees and styles of recrystallisation, or a less pronounced development of laminated quartz veins due to comparably restricted pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, the microthermometric observations allow the reconstruction of a possible retrograde P-T path, depicting near-isothermal decompression in the P-T range of the brittle/ductile transition.Editorial handling: E. Frimmel     

Kinetics and Equilibrium Sorption Studies of 4-Nitrophenol on pyrolyzed and activated oil shale residue

Sorption of the organic pollutant 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) by pyrolyzed and activated Jordanian oil-shale was studied. Pyrolyzed oil shale was prepared using a fluidized bed reactor at 520 °C in the presence of nitrogen. Physical activation was carried out by treating the pyrolyzed oil shale with CO₂ at 830 °C, while chemical activation was achieved by using KOH and ZnCl₂ as impregnating agents. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were conducted to evaluate the sorption process. Effects of contact time, initial sorbate concentration, sorbent concentration, temperature, pH and inorganic salts (NaCl and KCl) on the sorption process by the different sorbents were considered. Chemically activated oil shale, pretreated with ZnCl₂, gave the highest uptake of 4-NP. The isotherm experimental data fit reasonably well to Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Paterson models. Three kinetic models, namely the Morris-Weber, Lagergren, and Pseudo-Second-Order model (PSOM), were applied to represent the experimental results for both pyrolyzed and ZnCl₂-oil shale sorbents.     

瑞雷波勘探在地下洞穴探测中的应用

利用瑞雷波勘探方法进行地下洞穴探测，在实际处理过程中，对场地所测得的面波频散曲线进行分类、归纳，并利用动力触探曲线对各种特征曲线所反映的地下洞穴情况进行标定，从而确定整个测区洞穴的空间分布规律。     

核电事故分析及思考

目前,世界核电已经历了半个多世纪的发展历程,已经有了非常丰富的核电发展经验,事实证明了核能是一种安全、清洁、高效的能源。但从核电发展初到现在,也出现了不少核电事故。为了让核电工作者更清楚地了解历史核电事故概况,了解核电事故产生的影响以及正确看待核电事故、核电发展,通过调研,收集大量资料,详细统计了历史上发生的主要核电事故,对其事故原因及对核电发展影响进行简略分析。研究指出历史核电事故主要原因是因人失误,但早期事故和核电设计也有关;另外,核电事故给世界带来了巨大的负面影响,但同时也是推动核电安全发展的重要推手,每次核电事故发生后都是核电安全提升一个新台阶的开始,最终促使核电趋向越来越安全。     

Investigations and assessment of the landslide hazards of Fengdu county in the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River

The spatial database of landslides in Fengdu County of the reservoir region of the Three Gorges project (TGP) on the Yangtze River was compiled from a variety of different sources including field investigations on landslides, existing catalogues and archives on landslides, reports of meteorological events and human engineering activities that triggered slope failures. The major factors that are found to have affected the slope stabilities are outlined, and an assessment and zonation of landslide hazards of the region is made using an integrated information model, which is divided into destructive, disastrous, likely disastrous and essentially non-disastrous areas from the assessment of landslide hazards. The destructive and disastrous areas are respectively 1.9 and 13.8% of the total region, mostly being nearby townships, highways along the south bank of the Yangtze River and residential quarters along two flanks of the Yangtze River and its distributaries, that will impose direct impact to highway transportation and residential lives, and may effect to some degree the navigation of the Yangtze River, reservoir banks, and building of cities and towns.