奇异谱分析在倾斜应变数据处理中的应用研究

通过模拟数据实验验证奇异谱分析（SSA）对于周期信号和趋势项有分离和提取功能,能有效去除标准差低于信号振幅的噪声,检测识别信号中存在的奇异点。将SSA应用于实际倾斜应变固体潮数据的处理中,选取丹东台、徐州台和泾县台的倾斜应变数据进行SSA处理。结果表明,SSA能有效提取数据中的长趋势成分和固体潮各潮波,有效分离数据中的干扰成分,识别出周期为7~15 d的降雨干扰, 对干扰排除和异常提取具有一定的参考意义。最后经过大量数据验证得出,SSA适用于倾斜应变数据的嵌入维度范围的经验选择。     

Application of comprehensive geophysical prospecting method in ore prospecting in coverage area: A case study of integrated survey area of Wuhe Gold Mine in Eastern Anhui

Wuhe area is located in the southern section of Tan-Lu fault zone,and most of the area is covered by the Quaternary and has complex structures. It is difficult to carry out basic geological survey,and no prospecting breakthrough has been made for a long time. In order to obtain geological prospecting information, comoined with regional geological features the authors have used the comprehensive geophysical method to interpret the anomalies, which can screen the mine-induced anomalies effectively and improve the success rate of drilling verification. By carrying out medium and large scale complex geophysical detection, the authors have developed the medium and large scale combination bedrock detection technology for geological structures in the coverage area. And combined with the repeatedly circulation of three or four phases in one selection comprehensive exploration model of the coverage area, the difficulty of finding gold mines in the deep part of the coverage area under complex structural conditions has been overcome and important prospecting achievements have been made. Two medium-sized gold mines and one small-sized gold mine have been found, and the total scale has reached a large size. A major breakthrough in finding gold mines in Tan-Lu fault zone in Anhui Province has been realized. The medium and large scale complex geophysical detection and the repeatedly circulation of three or four phases in one selection exploration model have important significance in the exploration of gold-polymetallic deposits in thick coverage areas.     

基于水热耦合的青藏高原分布式水文模型——Ⅰ.“积雪-土壤-砂砾石层”连续体水热耦合模拟

青藏高原号称"亚洲水塔",是典型的高寒山区,其广泛存在的积雪、多年和季节冻土,影响了整个区域的水循环过程;青藏高原具有土层较薄、下伏砂砾石层较厚的特点,形成了特殊的"积雪-土壤-砂砾石层"水热介质结构。为深入研究青藏高原的水循环机理,本文选取尼洋河流域作为典型区,基于野外冻土水热耦合试验,结合青藏高原地质及气候特点,构建了包含12层"积雪-土壤-砂砾石层"连续体的青藏高原水热耦合模型,描述了完整的水热耦合模拟方程和参数计算方法。采用2016-2017年冻结融化期0~160 cm深度内的土壤和砂砾石层的温度、液态含水率和冻结深度的实测结果对模型进行了验证,各层温度模拟R2均值为0.91,冻结融化期内液态含水率模拟R2均值为0.52,土壤冻结深度模拟R2值为0.76。结果表明该模型在青藏高原地区有较好的适用性,可反映该地区冻结融化过程中土壤和砂砾石层水分与温度的特殊变化规律。     

育种进化的改进遗传算法在水电站负荷分配中的应用

针对遗传算法求解水电站负荷优化分配问题时常出现的收敛性差、易早熟等问题,提出一种基于育种进化的改进遗传算法。改进算法运用部分解约束的初始种群生成法避开空蚀振动区,定义了与群体进化程度有关的种群多样性函数和种群多样性阈值,同时有效地应用了遗传的全局搜索能力和育种的局部搜索能力。以三峡水电站为例与标准遗传算法进行了比较,不同的负荷分配结果表明:育种进化的改进遗传算法能够避开空蚀振动区的影响,保证机组的稳定安全运行;同时由于育种进化的强局部搜索能力,保持了种群的多样性,提高了算法的搜索能力和收敛性。     

Numerical simulation of seismic wavefields in TTI media using the rotated staggered-grid compact finite-difference scheme

Numerical simulation in transverse isotropic media with tilted symmetry axis(TTI) using the standard staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(SSG)results in errors caused by averaging or interpolation. In order to eliminate the errors, a method of rotated staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(RSG) is proposed. However, the RSG brings serious numerical dispersion. The compact staggered-grid finite-difference scheme(CSG) is an implicit difference scheme, which use fewer grid points to suppress dispersion more effectively than the SSG. This paper combines the CSG with the RSG to derive a rotated staggered-grid compact finite-difference scheme(RSGC). The numerical experiments indicate that the RSGC has weaker numerical dispersion and better accuracy than the RSG.     

基于流动重力资料的平原地区深部构造解释

以河北省流动重力测点覆盖区域内邢台地区4条断裂为例,将卫星布格重力异常与实测布格重力异常进行对比,发现流动重力资料可更为详细地反映测点周围构造的空间分布特征,为精细刻画华北平原地区深部构造背景提供可靠资料。采用向上延拓方法,对实测布格重力异常进行处理,获得不同上延高度的布格重力异常图像,结合当地地震地质与构造资料进行分析,并对流动重力资料在构造解释上的应用前景进行展望,认为该方法可提高现有资料的利用价值,适合在流动重力测量地区推广。     

安徽五河地区岩浆岩及构造对金矿的控制作用

为研究五河地区金矿床与岩浆岩、构造之间的内在关系,通过重磁异常推断隐伏岩体的分布特征,研究岩浆岩与金矿床的空间分布关系、成矿流体的同位素特征以及郯庐断裂带对金矿床的控制作用.结果显示金矿床大多位于已知岩体或隐伏岩体的边缘,区内各矿床的成矿流体相似,H-O同位素图解中石英样品点大部分落入岩浆水范围,部分落入变质水范围.岩...     

安徽五河县天井湖铅金矿床成矿地质特征及控矿因素

天井湖铅金矿是中型铅金共生矿床,处于近EW向蚌埠隆起和NNE向郯庐断裂带交叉复合部位,区内构造及岩浆岩发育,成矿地质条件良好.为了分析天井湖铅金矿床的控矿因素并建立成矿模式,在调研近期勘查成果并充分收集前人资料的基础上,总结了天井湖铅金矿床的成矿地质特征,研究了天井湖铅金矿区及五河地区的地层、构造、岩浆岩等控矿因素.天...     

黄河流域天然河川径流量演变归因分析

受气候变化和人类活动影响,黄河流域水资源量持续衰减。以往水资源归因分析的研究主要针对气候变化和人类活动对实测径流量衰减的贡献,对天然径流量衰减的原因关注不够,不利于支撑黄河流域水资源高效利用和科学管理。基于黄河二元水循环模型评价不同时期黄河流域天然河川径流量,并采用多因素归因分析方法分析主要影响因素对天然河川径流量衰减的贡献。结果表明,2016年水平年情景相比于1956—1979年水平年情景,花园口断面多年平均天然河川径流量减少114.6亿m³,其中气候变化、下垫面变化和社会经济取用水影响的贡献率分别为24.4%、25.0%和50.6%。从分区来看,兰州以上气候变化是主导因素,兰州以下人类活动是主导因素。为遏制天然河川径流量衰减的趋势,促进黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展,应加强深度节水、刚性控水、适度增水、强化管水和立法护水。     

Reconstruction of vertical thermal structure from several subsurface temperatures in the China Seas and adjacent waters

Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis is used in this study to generate main eigenvector fields of historical temperature for the China Seas (here referring to Chinese marine territories) and adjacent waters from 1930 to 2002 (510 143 profiles). A good temperature profile is reconstructed based on several subsurface in situ temperature observations and the thermocline was estimated using the model. The results show that: 1) For the study area, the former four principal components can explain 95% of the overall variance, and the vertical distribution of temperature is most stable using the in situ temperature observations near the surface. 2) The model verifications based on the observed CTD data from the East China Sea (ECS), South China Sea (SCS) and the areas around Taiwan Island show that the reconstructed profiles have high correlation with the observed ones with the confidence level >95%, especially to describe the characteristics of the thermocline well. The average errors between the reconstructed and observed profiles in these three areas are 0.69°C, 0.52°C and 1.18°C respectively. It also shows the model RMS error is less than or close to the climatological error. The statistical model can be used to well estimate the temperature profile vertical structure. 3) Comparing the thermocline characteristics between the reconstructed and observed profiles, the results in the ECS show that the average absolute errors are 1.5m, 1.4 m and 0.17°C/m, and the average relative errors are 24.7%, 8.9% and 22.6% for the upper, lower thermocline boundaries and the gradient, respectively. Although the relative errors are obvious, the absolute error is small. In the SCS, the average absolute errors are 4.1 m, 27.7 m and 0.007°C/m, and the average relative errors are 16.1%, 16.8% and 9.5% for the upper, lower thermocline boundaries and the gradient, respectively. The average relative errors are all <20%. Although the average absolute error of the lower thermocline boundary is considerable, but contrast to the spatial scale of average depth of the lower thermocline boundary (165 m), the average relative error is small (16.8%). Therefore the model can be used to well estimate the thermocline. Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX-3W-222; KZCX2-YW-Q11-02) and National Basic Research Program of China (No.2007CB411802; 2006CB403601)