祁连山老虎沟12号冰川消融区不同天气条件下的能量收支特征

冰川表面能量平衡模型建立了冰川与大气之间的联系。为探讨不同天气条件对冰川能量收支的影响, 利用祁连山老虎沟12号冰川海拔4 550 m处的气象资料（2011年8月24日 - 9月6日）, 结合能量平衡模型, 分析了不同天气条件下的能量收支变化特征。结果表明： 受云量影响, 晴天条件下向下短波辐射（318.3 W·m^-2）是多云条件下的1.5倍, 是阴天条件下的3倍。三种天气条件下的向下长波辐射, 晴天（215.4 W·m^-2）<多云（267.4 W·m^-2）<阴天（291.6 W·m^-2）。受固态降水的影响, 阴天条件下冰川反照率（0.50）是晴天时的2倍多。而三种天气下的最大消融耗热, 晴天（739.6 W·m^-2）>多云（582.8 W·m^-2）>阴天（324.5 W·m^-2）。在能量收入项中, 净短波辐射是主要来源（98%）, 但是受天气条件影响, 能量支出各项所占比例有明显差异; 在三种天气条件下, 净长波辐射所占比例分别为35%、 31%和23%, 消融耗热所占比例分别为62%、 64%和75%, 潜热通量所占比例相差不大。     

Microbial community changes in the digestive tract of the clam Meretrix petechialis in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge

Disease in clams frequently occurred over the last decade and has become a serious threat to the clam aquaculture industry and natural stocks.Mass clam mortality events were reported to be associated with the presence of opportunistic pathogen vibrio.However,the complexity of infection that occurs in the natural environment remains poorly understood.In this study,we smulated a natural disease outbreak by vibrio immersion infection to study the diversity and dynamics of microbiota in the digestive tract of clam Meretrix petechialis during the infection process.Dramatic changes in operational taxonomic unit richness and phylum composition of the bacterial communities were observed during pathogen invasion.In addition,we investigated the potential relationship between microbiota dynamics and host status during disease progression.Results reveal that,at the end stage of vibrio infection,interindividual variation in the digestive tract microbiota increased,as did the diff erence in individual health status.The moribund clams displayed signs of microbial community shifts to low diversity,and the microbial community was characterized by mass proliferation of a few operational taxonomic units.     

遥感技术在西藏当雄地区活动断裂调查中的应用

以遥感数据、地震资料以及震源机制解为基础,对西藏当雄地区亚东-谷露断裂以及嘉黎断裂进行遥感解译和对比分析。研究表明,亚东-谷露断裂北段地貌特征为正断拉张及右旋走滑综合作用的结果;中段存在拉张运动与左旋走滑运动,并发育地堑,冲沟位错显示该处具有6～66 m的水平位移量,其中1411年当雄南8级地震在该处产生6～12 m的水平位移;南段次级断层充分发育,北端表现为右旋运动,往南开始表现出左旋运动特征,同时地堑充分发育。结合震源机制解反演结果,推测走滑断层控制该区地壳浅部（8 km以上）以走滑型为主的地震事件的发生,而该处的地堑形成于地壳深部（8 km以下）的正断型应力机制,并控制地壳深部正断型地震事件的发生。嘉黎断裂整体断层隐伏,西段存在右旋运动,往东南则开始出现左旋运动,该处地震事件和应力机制均为走滑型。     

天狼星无人机航测技术在河湖划界中的应用

由于河湖覆盖面广、线路长、体量大,同时历史遗留问题较多,采用常规测量手段存在诸多难题。本文结合具体工程案例,通过天狼星无人机航测技术手段,论证了新技术方案的可行性与有效性;阐述了天狼星免像控无人机在河湖划界工作中的优势和高精度航测成果一图多用的重要意义。本文方案对类似工程的开展具有一定的参考借鉴意义。     

Formation and evolution of the tertiary carbonate reefs in the Madura Strait Basin of Indonesia

Analysis of 2 D seismic data over 4 500 km in length from the Madura Strait Basin in the East Java Sea reveals seismic re?ection characteristics of reefs and associated sedimentary bodies, including asymmetrical or symmetrical dome re?ections, slope progradational re?ections, chaotic re?ections and discontinuous strong re?ections inside the reef, which onlap the ?ank of the reef. It is concluded that the developmental paleo-environment of most reefs is mainly conducive to shallow marine carbonate platform facies and platform margin facies, based on well core data, variations in seismic facies and strata thickness.The formation and evolution of all reefs are primarily in?uenced by the tectonic framework of the Madura Strait Basin. Platform margin reefs are principally controlled by two types of structures: one is a series of E-W trending Paleogene normal faults, and the other is an E-W trending Neogene inversion structures. In addition, wave actions, tidal currents and other ocean currents play an accelerated role in sorting, rounding and redeposition for the accumulation and evolution of reefs. Tertiary reefs in the MSB can be divided into four types: 1) an open platform coral reef of Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 2) a platform margin coral reef controlled by normal faults in Late Oligocene to Early Miocene, 3) a platform margin Globigerina moundreef controlled by a "hidden" inversion structure in Early Pliocene, and 4) a platform margin Globigerina mound-reef controlled by thrust faults in the early Pliocene. Patterns of the formation and evolution of reefs are also suggested.     

室内人工降雨条件下黄土侵蚀坡面的变异特征研究

基于室内人工降雨试验条件下获取的黄土坡面侵蚀的九期DEM数据,计算出不同演化时期黄土坡面的坡度、坡向及沟道网络,利用等分坡度直方图、等分坡向玫瑰花图和沟道分级网络对坡面侵蚀变异特征进行研究,并初步分析了该变异特征与黄土坡面侵蚀和演化过程之间的关系。结果表明：在黄土坡面侵蚀过程中,该坡面的坡度离散程度在逐步增加后基本保持稳定;其主导坡向总体呈现逐步有序化的变化特征,由多个主导坡向逐步演化为与该坡面主干沟道总体走向基本一致的一个主导坡向;其沟道网络逐步发育成典型树状网络并基本保持稳定,且形成了完整和严密的沟道等级结构。上述侵蚀坡面变异特征在一定程度上反映出该坡面在发育初期侵蚀较为强烈但在后期强度有所减弱。本研究是对黄土侵蚀坡面变异特征的初步探索,对未来进一步揭示黄土坡面的侵蚀机理和演化规律具有重要理论意义。     

Analysis and partitioning of terrestrial water storage in the Yellow River source region

In order to increase the capability to understand and quantify the spatial differences in terrestrial water storage (TWS), and to reflect the unique energy balance processes and soil freeze–thaw mechanisms in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), this study improved the energy balance processes of the water and energy transfer processes model, including its surface radiation calculations and snowmelt module. By integrating these improvements, a water and energy transfer processes model in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (WEP-QTP) for the Yellow River source region (YRSR) is developed. Using the improved WEP-QTP model to perform simulations, we assessed the daily changes in snow cover, soil moisture (SM), permafrost (PM), and groundwater storage (GWS) in the YRSR. Our analysis revealed an increase in TWS of 0.24 mm/yr from 1961 to 2020. Snow water equivalent (SWE), SM, PM, and GWS have proportional contributions of 8.33%, 216.67%, −154.17%, and 29.17% to the increased TWS, respectively. SM is the primary component of TWS. Temperature (T), precipitation (P), evapotranspiration (E), and solar radiation (Rs) influence the spatiotemporal variations in TWS, as well as those of its components. The increase in P is the primary cause for the rise in TWS, SWE, and SM, while the increase in T predominantly contributes to the decrease in PM. Furthermore, permafrost degradation and climate-induced warming and humidification lead to increased infiltration, resulting in elevated GWS.     

长江立体化综合交通运输走廊的空间组织模式

长江经济带建设作为国家战略,为了推动其社会经济发展必须依托“长江黄金水道”完善综合交通运输体系。本文首先构建了沿河型立体化综合交通走廊的空间模式,从空间系统、节点结构、职能分工、运输组织、对外联系等视角刻画其主要特征;分析了长江综合交通运输走廊的发展情景;揭示了长江综合交通走廊的建设现状和重大瓶颈问题与需求。在此基础上,重点探讨了长江立体化综合交通走廊的空间组织模式,包括走廊主轴与航道网络、港口布局与战略物资运输系统、职能分工与辐射网络、综合交通枢纽等级结构与开放性运输组织等方面。     

南阳盆地新石器文化的地理分布、传播路径及生业模式

全新世以来南阳盆地的新石器文化以中原类型为主导,但源于汉水中下游的屈家岭文化和石家河文化深刻影响了南阳盆地史前文化演变的内容和过程。除石家河期遗址集中分布于盆地南缘的低地外,仰韶文化、屈家岭文化和龙山文化的人类遗址均分布于100~200 m地势和缓的岗地区。盆地内史前文化相互角逐的动力源于中原型和江汉型两种原始农业的消涨,因而旱作农业快速发展期对应仰韶文化和龙山文化的南扩;粟作农业的衰落对应屈家岭文化和石家河文化的北进。南阳盆地史前时期的生业模式序列表现为：仰韶文化早期的采集捕捞业、仰韶中晚期的粟作农业、屈家岭时期的稻作农业和石家河—龙山时期的稻粟混作业。其中,屈家岭文化后期生产工具的精细化、家庭畜牧业的规模化改变了先民的食谱结构。