石家庄市应急避难场所信息管理系统设计与实现

基于石家庄市地震应急避难场所及医院的实际情况,利用百度地图API接口,开发了应急避难管理系统。该系统将避难场所及医院信息存储在MySQL数据库中,通过数据的检索、调用,将避难场所及医院的位置、面积、可容纳人数等信息显示在系统中。实现了信息展示、路线规划等功能,在突发事件发生后可减轻灾难损失,提高公共服务能力。     

前震或广义前震识别的频谱偏移法及其应用研究

在前期研究工作的基础上,本文提出了一种前震或广义前震识别的频谱偏移法。其判定指标为,正常背景的中等地震事件频谱较宽,而具有前震或广义前震性质的中等地震具有频带变窄且向低频端偏移集中的特征。究其根源可能与强震前震源区或主震相关区域亚稳态扩展破裂或区域介质破碎损伤、裂隙扩展成核等过程有关。对2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级、2014年2月12日新疆于田7.3级等地震前震的计算结果显示,2次前震的频谱都发生了偏移,与非前震性同等震级地震频谱差异明显。     

光流法及其在临近预报中的应用

介绍了一种全新的对流临近预报外推算法——光流法。主要是通过计算雷达回波的光流场得到回波的运动矢量场,并基于运动矢量场对雷达回波进行外推从而达到预报的目的。光流法立足于变化,在计算光流场时既考虑连续时次回波的变化,又考虑相邻位置回波的变化。因此,基于该算法的外推临近预报具有一定的物理意义。利用中值滤波等方法对雷达资料进行质量控制,有效地抑制了噪声等的影响。个例对比分析表明:经过中值滤波等质量控制后回波更平滑,边沿更清晰,回波质量明显改善,能够获得比较真实的雷达回波,也得到了方向更加一致、更加平滑的回波运动矢量场。光流法给出的30、60 min内雷达回波的位置、形状的外推预报和对应时次实况较接近,预报结果具有较好的业务指示意义。对光流法和交叉相关法预报结果进行的定量对比评价表明,对移动型局地生成及强度和形状随时间变化很快的回波,光流法预报效果优于交叉相关法。光流法可以弥补传统的交叉相关法的缺陷,能提升对流临近预报系统的性能。     

菲律宾海深水环境下浅地层沉积特征分析

本文依托菲律宾海浅地层剖面资料,结合前人已发表的该区域样品资料和钻孔资料,对九州-帕劳海脊以及与海脊相邻的西菲律宾海盆和帕里西维拉海盆浅层沉积物特征进行了初步研究.研究认为海底以下浅层沉积物一般存在3个波阻抗界面,根据其反射特征划分为4个基本类型,并对剖面特征的成因进行了初步探讨,认为在沉积物的沉积过程中,沉积物供给、...     

Antioxidant response of ridgetail white prawn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Exopalaemon carinicauda</Emphasis> to harmful dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prorocentrum minimum</Emphasis> exposure and its histological change

The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, one of the most widespread red tide causing species, affects marine aquaculture and ecosystems worldwide. In this study, ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda were exposed to P. minimum cells (5 × 10⁴ cells mL^?1) to investigate its harmful effects on the shrimp. Antioxidant activities and histological changes were used as indicators of health status of the shrimp. In 72 hours, the mortality of E. carinicauda was not affected, but its antioxidant response and histology were statistically different from those of control. Elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and depressed catalase (CAT) activity were observed in gill; while increased SOD, glutathione S-transferase (GST), CAT activities and modulated GPX activity were observed in hepatopancreas. Thus, antioxidant activities in gill and hepatopancreas seem to respond differentially to harmful alga exposure. Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in early a few hours indicates the damage of the antioxidant defense system. Although MDA content recovered to a low level thereafter, a series of histological abnormalities including accumulation or infiltration of hemocytes, tissue lesions and necrosis were discovered in gill and hepatopancreas. Exposure to P. minimum induced sublethal effects on E. carinicauda, including temporary oxidative damage and histological injury.     

Electron transfer from sulfate-reducing becteria biofilm promoted by reduced graphene sheets

Reduced graphene sheets (RGSs) mediate electron transfer between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and solid electrodes, and promote the development of microbial fuel cells (MFC). We have investigated RSG-promoted electron transfer between SRB and a glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The RGSs were produced at high yield by a chemical sequence involving graphite oxidation, ultrasonic exfoliation of nanosheets, and N2H4 reduction. Cyclic voltammetric testing showed that the characteristic anodic peaks (around 0.3 V) might arise from the combination of bacterial membrane surface cytochrome c3 and the metabolic products of SRB. After 6 d, another anodic wave gradually increased to a maximum current peak and a third anodic signal became visible at around 0 V. The enhancements of two characteristic anodic peaks suggest that RSGs mediate electron-transfer kinetics between bacteria and the solid electrode. Manipulation of these recently-discovered electron-transport mechanisms will lead to significant advances in MFC engineering.     

综合物探方法在覆盖区找矿中的应用——以皖东五河金矿整装勘查为例

五河地区处于郯庐断裂带南段,有大面积第四系覆盖且构造复杂,基础地质调查工作难以开展,长期以来没有取得找矿突破。为获取地质找矿信息,利用综合物探方法并结合区域地质特征解译异常有效地筛选矿致异常,提高钻探验证的成功率。通过开展中大比例尺的综合物探测量,研发了“中大比例尺组合”覆盖区基岩地质构造探测技术,并结合“一选三定四阶段反复循环”覆盖区综合勘查模式,克服了复杂构造条件下覆盖区深部寻找金矿的难题,取得了重要找矿成果: 已发现中型规模金矿床2处、小型规模金矿床1处,总规模已达大型,实现了安徽省境内郯庐断裂带金矿找矿的重大突破。中大比例尺综合物探测量和“一选三定四阶段反复循环”的勘查模式对覆盖区金多金属矿勘查具有重要的参考意义。     

Rock physics modelling of porous rocks with multiple pore types: a multiple-porosity variable critical porosity model

A critical porosity model establishes the empirical relationship between a grain matrix and a dry rock by the concept of critical porosity. The model is simple and practical and widely used. But the critical porosity in the model is a fixed value that cannot relate to pore structure. The aim of this paper is to establish the theoretical relationship between critical porosity and pore structure by combining Kuster–Toksöz theory with the critical porosity model. Different from the traditional critical porosity model, critical porosity is not an empirical value but varied with pore shape and the ratio of bulk modulus versus shear modulus of the grain matrix. The substitution of the theoretical relationship into Kuster–Toksöz theory will generate the formulae for the bulk and shear moduli of multiple-porosity dry rocks, which is named the multiple-porosity variable critical porosity model. The new model has been used to predict elastic moduli for sandstone and carbonate rock. We compare the modelling results for P- and S-wave velocities and elastic moduli with the experimental data. The comparison shows that the new model can be used to describe the elastic properties for the rocks with multiple pore types.     

基于遥感影像的农村建筑物分类

利用面向对象的遥感影像信息提取方法对建筑物进行分类研究,选取张家口不同地区5个中等规模农村建筑为研究对象,根据建筑物特征信息从遥感影像上进行提取,根据信息提取调整后的结果进行建筑物分类,并与调研结果进行对比,结果表明:建筑物分类准确率达到80%以上,满足对张家口地区农村建筑物分类的需求,可以用来辅助完成对建筑物结构类型的实地调研,能够有效提高调研效率,服务于建筑物抗震设防调研。     

亚洲树轮稳定氧同位素研究进展

树轮稳定氧同位素作为一种高精度的古气候代用指标,在亚洲地区的发展起步晚进步快。树轮稳定氧同位素比率（δ¹⁸O）对区域气候信息有较强的记录能力,且与水汽循环关系密切,对于理解复杂的亚洲气候起着重要作用。亚洲地区树轮δ¹⁸O对温度的响应主要出现在高纬度地区,中低纬度树轮δ¹⁸O主要记录与水分（降水、相对湿度、PDSI等）有关的信号。对亚洲地区已发表的树轮δ¹⁸O与气候要素（温度、降水、相对湿度）的相关分析显著性统计显示,生长季气候对树轮δ¹⁸O至关重要,树轮δ¹⁸O 与温度的显著相关关系呈正相关,与降水和相对湿度的呈负相关,温度和降水通过降水δ¹⁸O影响树轮δ¹⁸O,但各自的信号强度存在区域差异,而相对湿度信号则广泛记录在不同区域不同树种之中。亚洲树轮稳定氧同位素研究集中于中低纬度地区,因而对大气水文循环的响应主要侧重于对亚洲夏季风和ENSO的研究,对季风降水的记录反映了季风活动的变化特征以及与之有关的环流信息;季节分辨率的树轮稳定氧同位素研究限于低纬热带亚热带区域,但对于理解区域气候和季风活动的年内变化、挖掘年轮不清晰树种的树轮学研究潜力具有重要的意义。