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完善气象事业单位项目资金管理

基于构件的软件开发技术在进入Internet时代后,产生了新的特性,本文通过一个实例分析了在Internet环境下基于构件的软件开发技术在.Net平台中的应用方法.     

GIS地图数据库的研究与实现

将地形图和地质图等进行处理和数字化,然后在GIS平台Arc GIS中建立空间数据库,采用Oracle作为后台数据库,使用空间数据引擎Arc SDE来管理Arc GIS对数据的访问,实现显示、查询、管理和下载等功能。     

人地系统适应性研究进展：概念、理论框架与方法

适应性研究旨在通过主体对外部环境变化的调整,以削减其负面影响并改善适应能力,是实现人地系统可持续发展的重要途径。鉴于目前对适应性理论体系缺乏统一认识和系统梳理,论文通过对国内外人地系统适应性研究文献总结,从概念内涵、理论框架和方法对适应性研究进展进行了总结,并提出了适应性研究的科学范式。研究发现：① 学术界对适应性概念的理解并未达成科学共识,阻碍了通用的适应性研究理论体系的构建。② 现有适应性分析框架多是基于全球变化领域理论框架基础的延伸和修订。③ 适应性研究缺乏具有代表性的方法,以借用脆弱性、恢复力评估方法和指标体系为主。因此,统一的适应性概念和理论体系的构建亟需加强,而国外既有积累的理论经验并不通用,中国化的适应性分析框架、方法是未来的重要研究方向。同时,应强化人类社会和自然环境“综合”的人地系统适应性研究,注重多尺度结合的适应性动态分析。     

耿庄金矿含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶的特征及成因意义

在山西耿庄金矿区含金隐爆角砾岩体的晶洞内,发现了含FeS2晶须环带重晶石巨晶,用扫描电镜、电子探针、Ｘ射线粉晶衍射等手段系统研究了重晶石及其所含FeS2晶须的矿物特征。结果表明,重晶石化学成分单一;晶体结构标准;发育完好;晶须为FeS2 Fe(Ni, Co)S2的类质同象系列。根据地质背景,结合包裹体研究成果,运用晶体生长和地球化学理论,讨论了重晶石巨晶及所含晶须的成因。认为重晶石巨晶是该区燕山期花岗岩浆活动的期后热液演化到后期阶段时,SO2-4与围岩中的钡反应而形成;所含的FeS2晶须是持续进行的火山隐爆作用所产生的大量H2S、SO2等与热液中分解出的Fe2+、Ni2+、Co2+反应而形成的;富碱、H2S溶解度增大,S2-增高有利于晶须的生长;重晶石和晶须生长的地质环境具有宏观上的一致性和具体条件的差异性。当pH值为1~8.5、lgfO2为-31~-38时,优先进入FeS2生长的优势场,形成FeS2晶须矿物。当pH值为5.5~10、lgfO2在-25~-36时形成重晶石;FeS2环带和重晶石的共生现象是两者共结晶交互生长的结果;重晶石的套叠生长和晶须环带特征,是耿庄地区隐爆作用脉动性和周期性作用的结果。耿庄含晶须重晶石巨晶,明确标示出所形成的地质条件和地质作用过程,为深入研究隐爆作用和理解该区成矿作用提供了矿物学证据。     

台风水汽稳定同位素组成与天气过程的关系——以2015 年13 号台风“苏迪罗”为例

基于台风“苏迪罗”（1513）影响前后南京实时高频监测的水汽稳定同位素数据,并结合再分析资料、HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型分析了大气水汽δ¹⁸O与天气过程之间的关系以及大气水汽过量氘所指示的水汽来源。结果表明,1）整个台风影响过程水汽δ¹⁸O先保持基本不变后一直下降的趋势,而水汽过量氘则呈现完全相反的变化趋势。2）根据台风“苏迪罗”影响前后南京水汽δ¹⁸O变化特征,将其划分为3个阶段：Ⅰ阶段水汽δ¹⁸O较高与南京地区较为稳定的大气条件相对应,水汽过量氘值较低指示南京地区主要受海洋水汽影响;Ⅱ阶段台风环流及其残压和北方南下冷空气相互作用造成南京地区强降水,水汽凝结和降雨蒸发的共同作用导致水汽δ¹⁸O不断贫化,较高的水汽过量氘表明南京地区主要受海洋和局地混合水汽的影响;Ⅲ阶段可能是中尺度下沉气流导致南京地区极端偏负的δ¹⁸O和高水汽过量氘。     

海底地震仪自噪声分析

海底地震仪是海上观测天然地震的主要手段,仪器所记录到的噪声分为环境噪声和仪器噪声。本文利用2018年9月3日—2019年7月1日期间浯屿岛海底地震观测台所采集到的数据,对海洋环境下的强震型海底地震采集站和宽频带海底地震采集站进行仪器自噪声分析,利用两道互相关模型,采用加窗平均周期图法计算功率谱,通过1/3倍频程积分作平滑处理,得到仪器自噪声功率谱密度图。对比分析相同型号仪器的自噪声功率谱,发现相同仪器的自噪声变化趋势一致,但自噪声大小有差异,且这种差异对于不同仪器、相同仪器的不同分量也存在不同。     

Impact factors on distribution and characteristics of natural plant community in reclamation zones of Changjiang River estuary

To identify impact factors on the distribution and characters of natural plants community in reclamation area, with survey data from 67 plant quadrats in July 2009, soil properties data from 216 sampling points in April 2009, and TM (30 m) data in 2006, the composition and characteristics of natural plants community in different time of the Fengxian area in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary were analyzed with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results show that: 1) The plant communities in the reclaimed area are mainly mesophytes and helophytic-mesophytic transitional communities, showing a gradient distribution trend with the change in reclamation years. Species richness (MA), species diversity (H) and above-ground biomass also increase with the increase of reclamation years. Nevertheless, they appear to decline slightly in the middle and late reclamation period (> 30 years). 2) With the rise in land use levels, the changes in species richness and species diversity tend to increase at first and then decrease; species dominance (D), however, tends to decline; and above-ground biomass increases slightly. 3) The distribution of the plant community is mainly influenced by the following factors: land use levels (R = 0.55, p < 0.05), soil moisture (R = 0.53, p < 0.05), soil salinity (R = 0.43, p < 0.05) and reclamation time (R = 0.40, p < 0.05).     

Monazite and xenotime U–Th–Pb geochronology by ion microprobe: dating highly fractionated granites at Xihuashan tungsten mine, SE China

Zircon, monazite, and xenotime have proven to be valuable chronometers for various geological processes due to their commonly high-U–Th and low common Pb contents. However, zircons that have crystallized in highly fractionated granites often have such high-U contents that radiation damage can lead to scattered U–Pb ages when measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In this study, monazite and xenotime were separated from a number of highly fractionated granites at the Xihuashan tungsten mine, Southeast China, for alternative dating methods by SIMS. For monazite analysis, obvious excess ²⁰⁴Pb signal (mainly from interference of ²³²Th¹⁴⁴Nd¹⁶O₂ ⁺⁺) was observed in high-Th (>2 wt%) monazite, which hinders ²⁰⁴Pb-based common Pb corrections. A ²⁰⁷Pb-based common Pb correction method was used instead. By employing power law relationships between Pb⁺/U⁺ versus UO₂ ⁺/U⁺, Pb⁺/Th⁺ versus ThO₂ ⁺/Th⁺ and suitable exponentials, monazites with ThO₂ contents in the range of ~3–19 % do not exhibit this matrix effect. Independent SIMS U–Pb ages and Th–Pb ages of three phases of Xihuashan granite samples were consistent with each other and yielded dates of 158.7 ± 0.7, 158.0 ± 0.7, and 156.9 ± 0.7 Ma, respectively. Xenotime does show marked matrix effects due to variations of U, Th, and Y [or total rare earth element (REE), referred as ΣREE hereafter] contents. Suitable correction factors require end-member standards with extremely high or low U, Th, and Y (or ΣREE) contents. No excess ²⁰⁴Pb was observed, indicating that the ²⁰⁴Pb-based common Pb correction method is feasible. Independent ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages can be obtained, although multi-collector mode is necessary to improve precision. The main difficulties with dating xenotime are when high-Th (U) mineral inclusions are ablated. We can identify when this occurs, however, by comparing the measured UO₂ ⁺/U⁺ and ThO₂ ⁺/Th⁺ with those in xenotime standards. Three xenotime samples from the first phase of Xihuashan granite yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb date of 159.5 ± 4.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.0) and a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U date of 159.4 ± 0.9 Ma (MSWD = 1.6), which are consistent with monazite U–Pb and Th–Pb ages from the same granites. This study demonstrates that monazite and xenotime are better SIMS chronometers for highly fractionated granites than zircon, which can yield doubtful ages due to high-U contents.     

Response of vegetation pattern to different landform and water-table depth in Hailiutu River basin,Northwestern China

The spatial distribution of vegetation pattern and vegetation cover fraction (VCF) was quantified with remote sensing data in the Hailiutu River basin, a semiarid area in North China. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer normalized different vegetation index (NDVI) values for 4 years from 2008 to 2011 and field observation data were used to assess the impact of climate factors, landform and depth to water table on vegetation distribution at large scale. In the VCF map, 74 % of the study area is covered with low and low–medium density vegetation, 24 % of the catchment is occupied by medium–high and high-density vegetation, and 2 % of area is bare soil. The relationship between NDVI and climate factors indicated that NDVI is correlated with relative humidity and precipitation. In the river catchment, NDVI increases gradually from landform of sand dune, eolian sand soil to river valley; 92.4 % of low NDVI from 0.15 to 0.3 is mostly distributed in sand dunes and the vegetation type is shrubs. Crops, shrubs and some dry willows dominate in eolian sand soil and 82.5 % of the NDVI varies between 0.2 and 0.35. In the river valley, 70.4 % of NDVI ranges between 0.25 and 0.4, and grass, dry willow and some crops are the main plants. Shrubs development of Korshinsk peashrub and Salix psammophila are dependent on groundwater by analyzing NDVI response to groundwater depth. However, NDVI of Artemisia desertorum had little sensitivity to groundwater.