洛阳市城市环境气象监测预报服务研究

利用洛阳市环境监测资料和气象资料,分析了洛阳市污染物浓度的日变化、季节变化、年际变化规律,并分析了污染物浓度与气象因子的关系。在此基础上,通过回归分析预报方法、污染潜势预报方法、CAPPS模式预报方法对洛阳市3种主要污染物的浓度和级别进行了24 h和48 h预测,并建立了气象局与环保部门共享的气象和污染数据库平台,为双方今后的合作奠定了基础。     

关于我国海洋可再生能源产业化发展的思考

为推动我国海洋可再生能源产业发展,文章论述国内和国际海洋可再生能源开发利用在资源量、政策和技术等方面的发展现状,分析我国现阶段发展海洋可再生能源存在的主要问题,并提出未来我国海洋可再生能源产业化在顶层规划、关键核心技术、公共服务平台和标准体系建设、技术示范应用、成果转化以及国际合作等方面的发展建议,从而促进我国生态文明和海洋强国建设。     

Identifying spatio-temporal variation and controlling factors of chemistry in groundwater and river water recharged by reclaimed water at Huai River,North China

Reclaimed water is efficiently used to recover the dry river, but river water and groundwater may be impacted considering the water quality. Thus, it is critical to study the factors controlling water chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly from January to September in 2010, in Huai River (North China). And samples were analyzed for major 15 physio-chemical parameters. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, 9 months are divided into two distinct groups, which show the clear temporal variation. In reclaimed water and river water, one group includes February, while the other includes other months. In shallow and deep groundwater, one group includes months from January to April, while the other encompasses others. Monitoring stations are classified into three groups. Group A with high value of ions and nitrogen (order: NH₄-N > NO₃-N > NO₂-N) includes reclaimed water and river water. Group B with moderate concentration and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NH₄-N > NO₂-N) includes all shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater. Group C with the low value and nitrogen (order: NO₃-N > NO₂-N > NH₄-N), includes two deep groundwater. Using multivariate analysis and ionic relationships, river water chemistry is found to be controlled by reclaimed water and evaporation process; chemistry in shallow groundwater and one deep groundwater, with type of Na–Ca(Mg)–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering. Additionally, reactions of nitrification, denitrification and cation exchange occur in the infiltration of reclaimed water; chemistry in the other deep groundwater, with type of Ca–Mg–HCO₃–Cl, is controlled by dissolution of calcite, carbonate weathering and denitrification.     

ESTIMATES OF SEA SURFACE FLUXES DURING TOGA-COARE IOP

With the marine ship observation data set obtained by three cruise-phases of Chinese Xi-angyanghong 5 from November 5,1992 to February 19,1993 in the TOGA-COARE IOP at 2°S,156°E.the sea surface fluxes at this point are estimated by three different bulk schemes.Firstly.aquasi-linear relation is found between the neutral drag coefficients and wind speed.Then,the sta-bility-dependent drag and heat transfer coefficients are solved in the iterative method.Based onthus-derived transfer coefficients,the momentum,sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated.In the warm pool region,the fluxes corresponding to the westeily winds are much greater thanthose of the easterly trade winds.The magnitude of sea surface fluxes depends upon the atmo-spheric stability as well,in particular in the case of weak wind condition.The estimated sea sur-face net heat budget shows that considerable amount of heat transport from ocean to atmosphere ismainly produced by the effective longwave radiation,latent and sensible heat fluxes.Among themthe value of latent heat flux is the largest and the sensible heat flux is the smallest.Finally,an ac-curacy analysis is made by direct measurements with the eddy-correlation method on the JapaneseR/V Hakuho board at the same time.It is shown that the bulk-derived fluxes are acceptable withmuch confidence.The estimated effective longwave radiation is used to compare with those by di-rect observations on Xiangyanghong 5.This research is compared with TOGA investigation in thetropical western Pacific.     

柴达木盆地西部新生界陆相湖盆碳酸盐岩沉积环境与沉积模式*

利用野外露头、岩心、测井录井和分析化验资料,对柴达木盆地西部(简称“柴西地区”)新生界干柴沟组湖相碳酸盐岩进行了研究,划分了其沉积微相类型,研究了其分布规律,分析其形成环境和控制因素,并建立了相应沉积模式。该区湖相碳酸盐岩在垂向上与碎屑岩频繁互层,湖相碳酸盐岩包括颗粒灰岩、藻灰岩、泥晶灰岩和混积岩4大类11种,划分出了灰泥坪、颗粒滩、藻丘(礁)、浅湖湾以及(半)深湖泥灰岩相等5种沉积微相。通过分析不同碳酸盐岩及其微相时空展布特征,认为其发育主要受控于湖盆构造运动、湖平面变化、陆源碎屑注入、古气候与古水介质条件、古地貌与古水深环境,并在此基础上建立了柴西湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积模式。研究认为柴达木盆地西部干柴沟组沉积时期,湖盆为典型咸化湖盆,构造活动相对稳定,湖平面上升达到峰值。碳酸盐岩主要发育在湖侵期,高频湖平面变化形成了碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩频繁互层。在枯水期,盆地坡折处发育碎屑岩滩坝或三角洲前缘沉积;在湖侵期,盆地坡折处发育了鲕粒滩及藻灰岩,盆地洼陷区发育泥灰岩或灰质泥岩。     

基于两种无人机航拍影像的林窗和林冠提取分析

森林冠层和林窗的结构及其时空变化是理解森林生态系统格局、动态变化过程的重要基础。在当前生物多样性监测倍受关注的契机下,如何以合适的手段准确描述林窗面积、分布等特征,并与森林固定样地监测数据有效地结合,更好地回答群落构建的理论问题,使森林群落物种多样性维持机制得到更全面的认识,是目前亟待解决的问题。以鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林20hm2固定监测样地为研究对象,基于不同遥感影像提取方法对其林窗和林冠表层数据进行提取分析。结果表明:基于监督分类的提取方法适合RGB波段航片林窗的提取,在林窗分类中,应首先确定林窗高度、边界木与最小面积,不同分类方法差异主要表现在林冠分类中,林窗分类生产者精度和用户精度表现都较为一致。无人机航拍识别率受地形因素影响较大,在地形复杂林地应按坡度分区域进行飞行以降低误差。相对于地面调查,MD4-1000无人机航片的林窗识别率为98.7%;大疆Phantom4无人机航片的林窗识别率为72.3%,影像后期处理数据量小,同样适用于森林林窗定量研究,符合生态学、林业等从业人员对大型样地林窗长期监测的要求。无人机航拍南亚热带森林物种识别难度较大,基于MD4-1000无人机搭载的高分辨率相机,在地势平缓区域优选的4 hm2样地中可识别林冠表层物种数17种,共2 706个个体。搭载高分辨率无人机在降低飞行高度的基础上可进行部分物种识别。应用无人机近地面遥感对森林固定样地进行林冠监测,可为后期群落构建研究提供数据基础,有望从新的研究角度探讨森林群落物种多样性维持机制。     

独立式塔吊基础抗倾覆稳定分析

近年来,塔吊频繁发生重大工程事故,而现行规范中有关独立式塔吊混凝土基础抗倾覆稳定验算的规定存在不足,使设计的独立式塔吊偏不安全,所以,独立式塔吊基础抗倾覆稳定分析具有工程价值。     

CIMISS中气象观测资料处理入库效率优化方法

气象资料种类多、海量、格式多样复杂,造成综合气象信息共享系统(CIMISS)巨大的处理压力。以高空L波段数据作为个例,进行详细的分析,在数据库表设计上,通过"键-要素"的拆分方式减少数据库冗余,建立合理的索引和分区提高数据表访问效率。在处理流程方面,通过简约化流程减少系统间消息交互和IO,从而优化系统的存储效率。同时简约流程中对比PRO*C和OCI两种入库方式,PRO*C简单高效便于开发,而OCI功能全面但相对复杂,通过比较两种入库方式的效率,系统采用PRO*C方式。高空L波段数据实际运行效果表明,平均28s完成一份数据的处理。对比高空探测数据的处理,简约流程比原流程入库更快。     

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).     

面向地震应急的山区人口百米格网分布——以麟游县为例

破坏性地震发生后,山区易发生滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。精细化人口空间分布数据能够有效提升灾情评判精度,为应急救援决策提供参考依据。本文以陕西省麟游县为例,利用"天地图"高分辨率遥感影像解译大比例尺居民地数据,结合人口、行政区划等数据,利用GIS（地理信息系统）技术制作100 m×100 m格网人口分布数据。通过与陕西省地震局现有人口空间数据进行对比,发现百米格网人口分布数据可明显提升山区次生灾害影响人口计算结果的可靠性。