全文获取类型
收费全文 | 276篇 |
免费 | 14篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 29篇 |
地球物理 | 100篇 |
地质学 | 94篇 |
海洋学 | 23篇 |
天文学 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 23篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 17篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 14篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 11篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有298条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Making local futures tangible—Synthesizing, downscaling, and visualizing climate change scenarios for participatory capacity building 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alison Shaw Stephen Sheppard Sarah Burch David Flanders Arnim Wiek Jeff Carmichael John Robinson Stewart Cohen 《Global Environmental Change》2009,19(4):447-463
Local in its causes and global in its impacts, climate change still poses an unresolved challenge for scientists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and citizens. Climate change research is largely global in focus, aims at enhanced understanding, and is driven by experts, all of which seem to be insufficient to anchor climate change action in regional and local contexts. We present results from a participatory scenario study conducted in collaboration with the municipality of Delta in SW British Columbia, Canada. This study applies a participatory capacity building approach for climate change action at the local level where the sources of emissions and the mechanisms of adaptation reside and where climate change is meaningful to decision-makers and stakeholders alike. The multi-scale scenario approach consists of synthesizing global climate change scenarios, downscaling them to the regional and local level, and finally visualizing alternative climate scenarios out to 2100 in 3D views of familiar, local places. We critically discuss the scenarios produced and the strengths and weaknesses of the approach applied. 相似文献
72.
Jeff Garmany 《Geoforum》2010,41(6):908-918
In this paper I argue that geographies of religion are fundamental to understanding governance and social order in contemporary urban space. More specifically, I show how Foucault’s notion of governmentality characterizes regimes of power beyond the state apparatus, positing that religion and churches also produce and maintain the knowledges, truths, and social order associated with governmentality and self-regulated governance. By considering the geography of religion literature within the context of Foucualt’s work, I illustrate the importance of religious and spiritual practices to contemporary urban space, and the roles they play in producing and maintaining governance and socio-political order. My purpose is not to suggest that governmentality has been misapplied as a theoretical tool for understanding the state and political power, but to show how the term actually describes power more generally, including spiritual moments in addition to political ones. Drawing from my case study in Fortaleza, Brazil, I substantiate my theoretical argument using empirical examples, showing how governmentality is produced through religion and churches and the relationship between spiritual practices and governance in everyday space. 相似文献
73.
Precipitation extremes and the impacts of climate change on stormwater infrastructure in Washington State 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Eric A. Rosenberg Patrick W. Keys Derek B. Booth David Hartley Jeff Burkey Anne C. Steinemann Dennis P. Lettenmaier 《Climatic change》2010,102(1-2):319-349
The design of stormwater infrastructure is based on an underlying assumption that the probability distribution of precipitation extremes is statistically stationary. This assumption is called into question by climate change, resulting in uncertainty about the future performance of systems constructed under this paradigm. We therefore examined both historical precipitation records and simulations of future rainfall to evaluate past and prospective changes in the probability distributions of precipitation extremes across Washington State. Our historical analyses were based on hourly precipitation records for the time period 1949–2007 from weather stations in and near the state’s three major metropolitan areas: the Puget Sound region, Vancouver (WA), and Spokane. Changes in future precipitation were evaluated using two runs of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) regional climate model (RCM) for the time periods 1970–2000 and 2020–2050, dynamically downscaled from the ECHAM5 and CCSM3 global climate models. Bias-corrected and statistically downscaled hourly precipitation sequences were then used as input to the HSPF hydrologic model to simulate streamflow in two urban watersheds in central Puget Sound. Few statistically significant changes were observed in the historical records, with the possible exception of the Puget Sound region. Although RCM simulations generally predict increases in extreme rainfall magnitudes, the range of these projections is too large at present to provide a basis for engineering design, and can only be narrowed through consideration of a larger sample of simulated climate data. Nonetheless, the evidence suggests that drainage infrastructure designed using mid-20th century rainfall records may be subject to a future rainfall regime that differs from current design standards. 相似文献
74.
This paper assesses the mechanisms and pathways by which peat blocks are eroded and transported in upland fluvial systems. Observations and experiments from the north Pennines (UK) have been carried out on two contrasting river systems. Mapping of peat block distributions and appraisal of reach‐based sediment budgets clearly demonstrates that macro‐size peat is an important stream load component. In small streams block sizes can approximate the channel width and much of the peat is transported overbank. Local ‘peat jams’ and associated mineral deposition may provide an important component of channel storage. In larger systems peat blocks rapidly move down‐channel and undergo frequent exchanges between bed and bank storage. Results of peat block tracing using painted blocks indicate that once submerged, blocks of all sizes are easily transported and blocks break down rapidly by abrasion. Vegetation and bars play an important role in trapping mobile peat. In smaller streams large block transport is limited by channel jams. Smaller blocks are transported overbank but exhibit little evidence of downstream fining. In larger rivers peat blocks are more actively sorted and show downstream reduction in size from source. A simple model relating peat block diameter (Dp) to average flow depth (d) suggests three limiting transport conditions: flotation (Dp < d), rolling (d < Dp > d/2) and deposition (Dp > d/2). Experiments demonstrate that peat block transport occurs largely by rolling and floating and the transport mechanism is probably controlled by relative flow depth (d/Dp ratio). Transport velocity varies with transport mechanism (rolling is the slowest mode) and transport lengths increase as flow depth increases. Abrasion rates vary with the transport mechanism. Rolling produces greater abrasion rates and more rounded blocks. Abrasion rates vary from 0 to 10 g m?1 for blocks ranging in mass from 10 to 6000 g. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
75.
Thomas P. Augspurger Roger L. Herman John T. Tanacredi Jeff S. Hatfield 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(1):172-180
Liver sections of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) collected from Jamaica Bay and Shinnecock Bay, New York, in 1989, were examined microscopically to determine the pervasiveness of liver lesions observed previously in Jamaica Bay winter flounder. Neoplastic lesions were not detected in fish from Jamaica Bay or the Shinnecock Bay reference site. Twenty-two percent of Jamaica Bay winter flounder examined (n=103) had unusual vacuolization of hepatocytes and biliary pre-ductal and ductal cells (referred to hereafter as the vacuolated cell lesion). The lesion, identical to that found in 25% of Jamaica Bay winter flounder examined in 1988, has previously been identified in fishes taken from highly polluted regions of the Atlantic coast (e.g., Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, and Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut). Prevalence of the vacuolated cell lesion in winter flounder from Jamaica Bay was significantly greater (p<0.0001) than in 102 specimens collected from Shinnecock Bay. Current scientific literature indicates vacuolated hepatocytes and cholangiocytes are chronically injured and that the extent of their deformity is consistent with the action of a hepatotoxicant. The high prevalence of vacuolated hepatocytes in Jamaica Bay winter flounder and absence of the lesion in flounder from reference sites strongly supports the hypothesis that this impairment is a manifestation of a toxic condition in at least some portions of Jamaica Bay. 相似文献
76.
Lunar sample 76535 is a coarse-grained troctolitic granulite exhibiting a texture indicative of long annealing times. It is composed of homogeneous crystals of plagioclase (58 per cent, An96), olivine (37 per cent, Fo88) and bronzite (4 per cent, En86).Chromian spinel-bronzite-diopside (Wo46En50Fs4) symplectic intergrowths commonly occur along olivine-plagioclase boundaries and as tiny inclusions within olivine grains. These symplectites apparently formed by a reaction of the type: . The reaction is related to the experimentally determined reaction of Kushiro and Yoder (1966). The enstatite content of the diopside coexisting with the bronzite indicates equilibration at about 1000°C. Thermodynamic calculations for 1000°C indicate that the symplectites formed at a minimum pressure of about 0.6 kb. Low alumina contents of the pyroxenes indicate equilibration near this minimum pressure.Clusters of the same assemblage found in the symplectic intergrowths, but containing accessory metal, troilite, Ca-phosphates, baddeleyite, plagioclase and/or K-feldspar occur sporadically throughout the rock. These apparent late stage products crystallized in the low temperature-high pressure region discussed above.Phase relations of co-existing metal phases indicate that the rock cooled at a few tens of degrees/my, corresponding to depths of 10–20 km below the lunar surface, in agreement with the above pressure estimate.We infer that 76535 represents an original cumulate deposited at a depth between about 10 and 30 km. The last liquid crystallized in the relatively high pressure-low temperature field opx + cpx + Al-Mg-chromite. Cooling was extremely slow and accompanied by extensive chemical and textural re-equilibration. Reaction to form the symplectites occurred during the late stages of re-equilibration. 相似文献
77.
Amaelle Landais Nicolas Caillon Jeff Severinghaus Jean-Marc Barnola Céline Goujon Jean Jouzel Valérie Masson-Delmotte 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(11):963-970
Isotopic measurements in polar ice core have shown a succession of rapid warming periods during the last glacial period over Greenland. However, this method underestimates the surface temperature variations. A new method based on gas thermal diffusion in the firn manages to quantify surface temperature variations through associated isotopic fractionations. We developed a method to extract air from the ice and to perform isotopic measurements to reduce analytical uncertainties to 0.006 and 0.020 for δ15N and δ40Ar. It led to a 16±1.5 °C surface temperature variation during a rapid warming ( yr). To cite this article: A. Landais et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
78.
The gulf pipefish,Syngnathus scovelli, is the dominant syngnathid found in coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico and is the only species in this region known to
occur in both freshwater and saltwater habitats. Relatively little is known about the population and reproductive cycles ofS. scovelli, particularly for those found in low salinity environments. The focus of the current study was to collect population structure
and reproductive data forS. scovelli from a low salinity habitat, Meaher Park, located at the mouth of Mobile Bay, Alabama. Sampling was conducted twice a month
from January 2003 to January 2004. Environmental parameters, as well as population and reproductive parameters, were collected.
Water temperature was the primary abiotic factor associated with both the appearance ofS. scovelli and their breeding cycle. Based on gonadosomatic (GSI) and brood pouch somatic indices (BPSI), females and males were reproductively
active throughout the summer. Peaks in male GSI and BPSI were consistent with the subsequent appearance of a large number
of juveniles in early fall. These event coincided with the higher temperatures seen during late summer and early fall. Sex
ratios (male : female 1 : 1.64) and operational sex ratios (1 : 4.09) indicated that this was a female biased population.
Although there was no difference in the average size of males and females in this population, the largest individuals collected
were female. The female-biased sex ratio supports previous genetic analyses suggesting thatS. scovelli exhibits true sex-role reversal and that operational sex ratios are a reliable indicator of the intensity of mating competition
and sex roles. 相似文献
79.
Keith A. Horton Glyn Williams-Jones Harold Garbeil Tamar Elias A. Jeff Sutton Peter Mouginis-Mark John N. Porter Steven Clegg 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2006,68(4):323-327
A miniaturized, lightweight and low-cost UV correlation spectrometer, the FLYSPEC, has been developed as an alternative for
the COSPEC, which has long been the mainstay for monitoring volcanic sulfur dioxide fluxes. Field experiments have been conducted
with the FLYSPEC at diverse volcanic systems, including Masaya (Nicaragua), Poás (Costa Rica), Stromboli, Etna and Vulcano
(Italy), Villarica (Chile) and Kilauea (USA). We present here those validation measurements that were made simultaneously
with COSPEC at Kilauea between March 2002 and February 2003. These experiments, with source emission rates that ranged from
95 to 1,560 t d−1, showed statistically identical results from both instruments. SO2 path-concentrations ranged from 0 to >1,000 ppm-m with average correlation coefficients greater than r
2=0.946. The small size and low cost create the opportunity for FLYSPEC to be used in novel deployment modes that have the
potential to revolutionize the manner in which volcanic and industrial monitoring is performed. 相似文献
80.
Thomas Stachel Jeff W. Harris Gerhard P. Brey 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1998,132(1):34-47
Syngenetic diamond inclusions from the Mwadui kimberlite reveal that an unusually fertile section of lithospheric mantle
beneath the Central African Craton was sampled. This is shown by a very high ratio of lherzolitic to harzburgitic garnet inclusions
(1:2) and low Mg/Fe-ratios in olivine and orthopyroxene. Geothermometry applied to the peridotitic inclusions indicates disequilibrium
between non-touching inclusion pairs to be common. Disequilibrium between garnet-olivine and garnet-orthopyroxene pairs suggests
successive iron enrichment during diamond formation, e.g. leading to the presence of harzburgitic garnet and lherzolitic olivine
in the same diamond. Apart from the dominant peridotitic inclusion suite (88%), rare eclogitic inclusions occur (2%) and a
number of uncertain paragenesis. Two diamonds, one with eclogitic garnets with moderate pyroxene solid solution and the other
with a single ferro-periclase inclusion, suggest the contribution of a small sub-lithospheric component. The finding of the
association Fe-FeO-Fe3O4 in one single diamond indicates diamond formation over a large range of f
O2 conditions, possibly along redox fronts. Steep compositional gradients may also be reflected by the joint occurrence of harzburgitic
garnet and a SiO2-phase in the same diamond. Alternatively the formation of the SiO2-phase may be due to extreme carbonation of the peridotitic source. Further unusual findings include the exsolution of a silicate
phase from magnetite inclusions, (i.e. primary solution of γ-olivine) and an ilmenite inclusion with an eskolaite (Cr2O3) component of 14.5 mol%, the latter together with harzburgitic paragenesis silicate inclusions.
Received: 23 August 1997 / Accepted: 7 January 1998 相似文献