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21.
The joint evolution of organic matter and silica in petroliferous sequences is considered in the terms of the laws of transformation of dispersion systems. The dispersion systems are transformed under conditions of low-temperature solid-phase processes accompanied by the silica phase transition and dehydration that favors the evolution of organic matter. 相似文献
22.
Jan Kaiser 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(5):1312-1334
Mass-spectrometric stable isotope measurements of CO2 use molecular ion currents at mass-to-charge ratios m/z 44, 45 and 46 to derive the elemental isotope ratios n(13C)/n(12C) and n(18O)/n(16O), abbreviated 13C/12C and 18O/16O, relative to a reference. The ion currents have to be corrected for the contribution of 17O-bearing isotopologues, the so-called ‘17O correction’. The magnitude of this correction depends on the calibrated isotope ratios of the reference. Isotope ratio calibrations are difficult and are therefore a matter of debate. Here, I provide a comprehensive evaluation of the existing 13C/12C (13R), 17O/16O (17R) and 18O/16O (18R) calibrations of the reference material Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) and CO2 generated from the reference material Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) by reaction with 100% H3PO4 at 25 °C (VPDB-CO2). I find , 18RVSMOW/10−6 = 2005.20 ± 0.45, 13RVPDB-CO2/10-6= 11124 ± 45, and 18RVPDB-CO2/10-6=2088.37±0.90. I also rephrase the calculation scheme for the 17O correction completely in terms of relative isotope ratio differences (δ values). This reveals that only ratios of isotope ratios (namely, 17R/13R and 13R17R/18R) are required for the 17O correction. These can be, and have been, measured on conventional stable isotope mass spectrometers. I then show that the remaining error for these ratios of isotope ratios can lead to significant uncertainty in the derived relative 13C/12C difference, but not for18O/16O. Even though inter-laboratory differences can be corrected for by a common ‘ratio assumption set’ and/or normalisation, the ultimate accuracy of the 17O correction is hereby limited. Errors of similar magnitude can be introduced by the assumed mass-dependent relationship between 17O/16O and 18O/16O isotope ratios. For highest accuracy in the 13C/12C ratio, independent triple oxygen isotope measurements are required. Finally, I propose an experiment that allows direct measurement of 13R17R/18R. 相似文献
23.
The structure of anomalously uplifted areas in transverse ridges of the Vema, S o Paulo, and Romanche fracture zones is considered. It is concluded that their formation and eventual development in the present-day structure of the central Atlantic bottom proceeded during two stages. The first stage that corresponds to a short period at the Tortonian-Messinian transition (10 Ma ago) was marked by transportation of deep-seated rocks into the upper part of the lithosphere along thrust faults with mass motion in the meridional direction along the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The second stage was characterized by contrasting highamplitude vertical movements from 10 to 3 Ma ago. It is suggested that near-meridional compression in the domains surrounding the Western Tethys in the Tortonian-Messinian resulted in deformation of the upper lithosphere within large transform fracture zones of the central Atlantic. The deformation that occurred 10 Ma ago was a manifestation of the global neotectonic epoch of the Earth. 相似文献
24.
Yu. V. Riznichenko 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1966,10(3):243-253
Резюме Описаны этапы развития сейсмического моделирования, взаимоотношения между сейсмическим моделированием, теоретическими разработками
и полевыми наблюдениями и формулированы перспективные задачи сейсмического моделирования.
Address: B. Gruzinskaja 10, Moskva G-242, USSR. 相似文献
Address: B. Gruzinskaja 10, Moskva G-242, USSR. 相似文献
25.
锥形海山是马里亚纳弧前区非火山成因的海山。它是由俯冲的太平洋板块对仰冲板块的上推作用,地壳下的上地幔物质底辟侵入的结果。海山顶部的岩石是由蛇纹石化超镁铁质方辉橄榄岩组成。其主要矿物成分为斜方辉石、橄榄石、尖晶石、磁铁矿、蛇纹石和碳酸盐。手标本呈显晶质块状构造,薄片中呈粒状、残留状、筛网状及斑状变晶结构。岩石化学特征表现为:低Si和Al,高M/F值,含水,亏损了所有过渡金属。岩石的成因属超基性岩浆直接结晶,后经海水的参入,在热液作用下普遍发生蛇纹石化和碳酸盐化。 相似文献
26.
Weakly non-linear free oscillations in a basin of variable depth filled with non-viscous fluid are investigated in terms of the long waves theory using the perturbation technique. Solutions to the initial two approximations for the horizontal velocity component and free surface departure are numerically derived. An attempt is made to determine the area of applicability of the linear theory by applying a parabolic bottom profile to the basin.Translated by V. Puchkin. 相似文献
27.
9711号北上台风演变及暴雨过程的位涡诊断分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
通过对 971 1号台风登陆北上穿过山东造成山东特大暴雨过程的湿位涡的分析 ,并从湿位涡的角度研究了台风演变及山东特大暴雨的形成机制 ,揭示了冷空气在台风演变及暴雨过程中的重要作用。结果表明 :倾斜涡度发展是暴雨产生和台风加强的重要机制之一 ,暴雨产生在 θe线陡立密集区内 ;湿位涡在这次暴雨过程中对流层低层具有 MPV1 <0 ,MPV2 >0的特征 ,此次暴雨产生在负的MPV1等值线密集区中 ;对流层上部及平流层下部高位涡的下传使得低层斜压性增大 ,引起低层的对流稳定度减小 ,促使气旋性涡度发展 ,有利于位势不稳定能量的释放 ,使得暴雨增幅 ,导致台风的加强并演变为温带气旋。 相似文献
28.
Paraconchoeciadiacanthusn.sp.,anewspeciesofplanktonicOstracoda¥ChenRuixiangandLinJinghong(ReceivedApril16,19931acceptedJuly20... 相似文献
29.
Chen Tieyun Zhu Zhenghong
Professor Dept. of Naval Architecture Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Lecturer 《中国海洋工程》1991,(1)
The plastic node method is reformulated by the variational principle and is applied to elasto-plastic finite element analysis of tubular joints, eventually including the effect of internal and external gussets, stiffener rings, etc., if necessary. Four different joints are studied here in detail for the elasto-plastic behavior, the strain at the hot spot, the strain concentration factor around the intersection line, and the propagation of the plastic region with loading up to collapse in order to determine the ultimate strength, safety factor, and development of the plastic field. The present results are in good agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
30.
阐述把维生素B12生产菌添加到培养水中培养褶皱臂尾轮虫BrachionusPlicatilis的买验。共18株细菌分离于轮虫培养池,其中,有一株产维生素B12的假单胞杆菌TP4对轮虫的生长繁殖有明显的促进作用。把TP4菌株培养后,加入到2L的烧杯和500L的水槽中培养泰国S型轮虫时.在9d(天)和6d(天)中,轮虫密度从124~139和242~288个体/ml增殖到4,417~5,540和1,017~1,254个体/ml,分别比对照组增加了4~6及2~3倍。 相似文献