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排序方式: 共有108条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin,southwest China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Groundwater is a very significant water source used for irrigation and drinking purposes in the karst region, and therefore understanding the hydrogeochemistry of karst water is extremely important. Surface water and groundwater were collected, and major chemical compositions and environmental isotopes in the water were measured in order to reveal the geochemical processes affecting water quality in the Gaoping karst basin, southwest China. Dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3? and SO42?, the groundwater is typically characterized by Ca? Mg? HCO3 type in a shallow aquifer, and Ca? Mg? SO4 type in a deeper aquifer. Dissolution of dolomite aquifer with gypsiferous rocks and dedolomitization in karst aquifers are important processes for chemical compositions of water in the study basin, and produce water with increased Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42? concentrations, and also increased TDS in surface water and groundwater. Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios in groundwater decrease slightly due to dedolomitization, while the mixing of discharge of groundwater with high Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios may be responsible for Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios obviously increasing in surface water, and Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios in both surface water and groundwater finally tending to a constant. In combination with environmental isotopic analyses, the major mechanism responsible for the water chemistry and its geochemical evolution in the study basin can be revealed as being mainly from the water–rock interaction in karst aquifers, the agricultural irrigation and its infiltration, the mixing of surface water and groundwater and the water movement along faults and joints in the karst basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
102.
一次华南暴雨过程的数值模拟和试验 总被引:14,自引:9,他引:5
本文利用有限区域数值预报模式MM4对一次华南暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和试验.用该模式预报的形势场与实况较一致,预报的暴雨强度、位置也与实况相近.此外由控制试验和敏感性试验可知,该暴雨强度对地形、辐射和下垫面过程比较敏感. 相似文献
103.
Ho Seuk Bae Changsoo Shin Young Ho Cha Yunseok Choi Dong‐Joo Min 《Geophysical Prospecting》2010,58(6):997-1010
Although waveform inversion has been intensively studied in an effort to properly delineate the Earth's structures since the early 1980s, most of the time‐ and frequency‐domain waveform inversion algorithms still have critical limitations in their applications to field data. This may be attributed to the highly non‐linear objective function and the unreliable low‐frequency components. To overcome the weaknesses of conventional waveform inversion algorithms, the acoustic Laplace‐domain waveform inversion has been proposed. The Laplace‐domain waveform inversion has been known to provide a long‐wavelength velocity model even for field data, which may be because it employs the zero‐frequency component of the damped wavefield and a well‐behaved logarithmic objective function. However, its applications have been confined to 2D acoustic media. We extend the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion algorithm to a 2D acoustic‐elastic coupled medium, which is encountered in marine exploration environments. In 2D acoustic‐elastic coupled media, the Laplace‐domain pressures behave differently from those of 2D acoustic media, although the overall features are similar to each other. The main differences are that the pressure wavefields for acoustic‐elastic coupled media show negative values even for simple geological structures unlike in acoustic media, when the Laplace damping constant is small and the water depth is shallow. The negative values may result from more complicated wave propagation in elastic media and at fluid‐solid interfaces. Our Laplace‐domain waveform inversion algorithm is also based on the finite‐element method and logarithmic wavefields. To compute gradient direction, we apply the back‐propagation technique. Under the assumption that density is fixed, P‐ and S‐wave velocity models are inverted from the pressure data. We applied our inversion algorithm to the SEG/EAGE salt model and the numerical results showed that the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion successfully recovers the long‐wavelength structures of the P‐ and S‐wave velocity models from the noise‐free data. The models inverted by the Laplace‐domain waveform inversion were able to be successfully used as initial models in the subsequent frequency‐domain waveform inversion, which is performed to describe the short‐wavelength structures of the true models. 相似文献
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In this study, the anomalous characteristics of observed large-scale synoptic fields in the extreme East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) years are analyzed, and the impact of the local sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly over the western North Pacific (WNP) on the extreme EASM is investigated through sensitivity experiments of 28?years EASM simulations to the local SST over the WNP. The observation analysis reveals that the extreme EASM is influenced more by anomalous large-scale atmospheric features such as monsoon circulations and the western North Pacific subtropical high than the local SST anomaly over the WNP. However, the results of the sensitivity experiments show that the local SST anomaly has an implicit impact on the extreme EASM. The patterns of differences in precipitation between the experiment forced by observed SST in each year and the experiment forced by climatological SST over the WNP are opposite to anomaly patterns of observed precipitation in the extreme EASM years. This is because the SST anomaly over the WNP plays a role in reducing precipitation anomaly by changing surface latent heat flux and monsoon circulations. In particular, the local SST anomaly over the WNP decreases anomalies of large-scale circulations, i.e., the local Hadley and the Walker circulations. Thus, the local SST anomaly over the WNP plays a role in decreasing the interannual variability of the EASM. 相似文献
107.
云南白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区碳氧同位素组成及其意义 总被引:44,自引:15,他引:44
为探讨兰坪盆地内白秧坪银铜多金属矿集区水_岩反应的可能性 ,对矿集区的热液矿物、蚀变岩石和原岩的碳、氧同位素组成进行了分析。分析结果显示 ,热液成矿阶段形成的方解石、菱铁矿、菱锶矿的δ13 CPDB 值为-8.3‰~ + 2 .7‰ ,相对变化较小 ;而δ18OSMOW 值为 -2 .5‰~ + 2 4.3‰ ,变化较大 ,且出现了自然界中少见的极低值(± 0‰ )。水岩交换模拟反应显示 ,在成矿早阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -7‰和 + 7‰ ,与岩浆水组成特征相似 ,它是一种具有深源CO2 的热卤水。在此流体中 ,可溶性碳以HCO-3 为主 ,方解石等热液矿物的形成温度为3 0 0~ 160℃ ,水岩交换比值较小 (0~ 0 .4)。在成矿晚阶段 ,成矿流体的δ13 C和δ18O值分别为 -2 .5‰和 -12 .5‰ ,可溶性碳以H2 CO3 为主 ,方解石等形成温度为 2 50~ 150℃ ,水岩交换比值稍大 (0 .2~ 0 .6) ,显示出晚阶段成矿流体具有大气降水的特征。δ13 C值的增加 ,很可能与降温作用和灰岩的溶解或去碳酸盐化作用有关 相似文献
108.
深海空间站在母船伴随保障时面对恶劣天气存在安全风险及水下多平台作业低效的问题,传统的单一的保障船模式仅依靠超短基线等水下定位方法,水下平台定位速度慢、误差大、相互感知协作困难,已无法满足要求.提出了一种基于通信信标的深海水声定位方法,采用宽带扩频通信进行时延估计,然后利用已建立的等效声速表查找等效声速,完成声线修正,从... 相似文献