Effects of industrial outfalls on tropical macrobenthic sediment communities in Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean)

Temporal changes in the composition of soft bottom macrobenthic assemblages at Reunion Island (Southwest Indian Ocean) were studied in the context of a long-term environmental monitoring programme studying the impacts of effluents of industrial sugar cane refineries that are transferred to shallow and deep coastal environments by different pathways: surface discharge and deep underground injection. Seven stations (between 20 and 160 m depth) were surveyed between 1994 and 2003 on the industrial zone. One additional station was surveyed on a reference site. Spatio-temporal changes in the composition of macrobenthic communities were assessed using several diversity indices, ABC curves, MDS and associated ANOSIM tests and biotic indices. Among the 171 taxa recorded, polychaetes were dominant (89 species), followed by crustaceans and molluscs. The analysis of spatial changes in the composition of macrobenthos showed the existence of distinct benthic communities along the depth gradient. Temporal changes in macrobenthos composition were most prominent at the shallowest station. They mainly corresponded to the decline of several initially dominant taxa and the increase of the Eunicid polychaete Diopatra cuprea. This station further showed increasing macrofaunal abundance, biomass and sediment organic content over time, concomitant with decreasing sediment grain sizes. In deeper environments, temporal changes were much smaller. Macrofaunal abundance and species richness increased progressively, suggesting a moderate impact on benthic ecosystems resulting from slight enrichments due to effluents rich in organic matter. Our results highlight an original response to disturbance pattern involving opportunistic Eunicidae species (D. cuprea) not previously described. Moreover, they allow for the comparison of the impact on macrofauna caused by industrial effluents exported by two distinct and different pathways in a tropical coastal high-energy marine environment.     

Heterogeneities in glaciofluvial deposits using an example from new hampshire

The strong influence of subsurface heterogeneity on contaminant migration and in situ remediation calls for an improved understanding of its origins and more efficient methods of characterization. Accordingly, an outcrop study of physical and chemical heterogeneity was conducted in a glaciofluvial deposit in Deerfield, New Hampshire, in order to uncover processes controlling the spatial variation of sediment properties and evaluate the extent to which geologic information can be used to characterize the observed variation. The results indicate that physical and chemical properties at the Deerfield site have distinctly different spatial correlation structures. Lithologic facies explain 31% to 60% of the variation in permeability, dithionite citrate (DC)-extractable manganese, and DC-extractable aluminum. Lithofacies bounding surfaces do not separate regions of significantly different DC-extractable iron; instead, 49% of its variation is explained by sediment color. Color also accounts for 34% of the variation in DC-extractable aluminum and 60% of the variation in DC-extractable manganese. Strong relationships with sediment facies and/or color enable detailed mapping of permeability, extractable iron, and extractable manganese. Differences in the geometries of iron and manganese enrichment, petrographic observations, and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that (hydr)oxide grain coatings originated from the postdepositional weathering of biotite and garnet, coupled with local, redox-driven redistribution of the liberated iron and manganese. The findings suggest that lithofacies and color information can aid the characterization and modeling of heterogeneity at similar carbon-poor glaciofluvial sites.     

多层位超深试验观测井施工技术

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘,白垩系志丹群的6个岩组分布俱全,地质与水文地质信息丰富。介绍了位于该区的具有勘探与长观双重意义,集全孔段取心、四层分层抽水试验、三层长期观测于一井的B5号井的井身结构设计和施工工艺。通过B5号多层位超深试验观测井的施工,证明了一井多用途的经济性和可能性,积累了多层位超深观测井施工经验,为整个鄂尔多斯盆地水文地质调查起到了示范作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘供水井质量恶化原因分析及对策

作为极度缺水的鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘地区,针对白垩系含水地层采水的供水井很多,但供水井水质恶化和水量减小的现象较为普遍,其原因主要是井身结构严重不合理所致。通过对造成供水井质量恶化的原因分析,找出了止水方法的不合理性与泥岩缩径造成井身变形而致水量减小的问题实质,提出了科学合理的成井方案,从而有效地解决了供水井质量恶化问题,提高了供水井使用寿命。     

赛什塘矿区侵入岩的地球化学特征及构造环境分析

青海赛什塘地区岩体分布普遍,是多期次侵入的结果。岩体主要以高钾、过铝质、同属钙碱性系列为特征,具有较低含量的稀土元素丰度值,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,铕异常不明显,属I型花岗岩。岩体有Y/Tb值高低不同的两个源区,一是由柴达木地块东南缘岩石圈地幔构成的地幔楔形体,另一个是受其它物源污染的岩浆,是岛弧形成过程中不同阶段的产物。矿区内发现埃达克岩,岩体富含成矿元素,为成矿提供了物质条件。     

关心 支持 鼓励 肯定——国土资源部党组成员、副部长王世元莅临广西指导工作

2010年12月4日,国土资源部党组成员、副部长王世元莅临广两指导工作。广西壮族自治区党委书记、自治区人大常委会主任郭声琨在南宁与其会见,衷心感谢国土资源部长期以来对广西工作特别是国土资源工作的关心、支持和帮助。王世元表示,广西已处于加快发展的重大机遇期,国土资源部将切实落实部区合作备忘录,给予广西发展大力支持。     

施磷对土壤中汞、铅吸附特性的影响

以合肥市郊的大兴镇和义城镇地区土壤为主要研究对象,利用批量平衡法初步研究了重金属在研究区土壤中的等温吸附特征及其吸附热力学特征。外源磷浓度增大提高土壤对重金属Hg、Pb的吸附能力。在施磷情况下土壤的Hg、Pb吸附自由能均为负值,是常温、常压下可以自发进行的过程,是物理和化学吸附并存的过程。研究区土壤对Hg、Pb吸附过程均是熵增过程。     

不同结构节能型日光温室温光效应比较

１引言 节能型日光温室是以太阳能作为主要能 源的园艺设施，光能利用率的高低直接影响 温室的温光效应，而温室的采光面造型、采光 面角度、跨度及高度是否合理又直接影响光 能的利用率。本试验通过对位于长春市的军需大学农业试验站三个具有代表性的、不同结构的日光温室的温光效应进行比较，选择 出了结构适合长春地区的节能型日光温室，供建造日光温室时参考。２试验设计与测试方法２．１试验设计 试验设三个处理： Ｉ、 ８ｍ跨 ３． １ｍ高，后坡仰角为３５０，后坡投影１ｍ，拱形采光面。采光面前端屋面角为６０°，中段屋面角在２０…     

大亚湾核电厂地震检测系统

本文是对大亚湾核电厂地震检测系统的一份考查报告。文中介绍了该核电厂地震检测系统的仪器配置、运行情况以及根据地震检测系统提供的资料可能作出的地震决策内容。最后，对有关工作提出了若干意见和建议。     

论大地测量研究青藏高原地学问题的方法

结合青藏高原地质构造背景及大地测量观测值特点，讨论了青藏高原区域地壳运动模型的建立，提出用大地测量资料结合地质，地球物理资料反演青藏高原构造应力场的方法。