梅雨锋降水性云的数值模拟——用暖云数值模式估算和分析梅雨锋降水的尝试

本文将江淮地区梅雨期的持性层探空资料和相应云区的增强显示红外云图参量值输入改进的一维半非常定暖云数值模式进行了数值试验。仅对其中三类不同降水强度的模式云的发生发展过程及其演变特征作了数值分析,并提出了一种用云模式的输出雨量(模式雨量)来预测梅雨锋降水量的简单方法。结果表明,本文云模式在研究梅雨锋降水性云的宏、微观结构和估算梅雨锋降水量等方面有一定使用价值。     

一维半地形积层混合云模式简介

本文介绍了地形积层混合云的一维半数值模式.该模式在垂直方向上分21层,模拟空间从地面到10600m高度.模式考虑了混合云中水汽、云滴、雨滴、冰晶、霰、雪等6种水质的16种微物理过程,利用卫星云图、常规探空等实测资料提供软件系统的初始启动信息.     

Response of single benthic metrics and multi-metric methods to anthropogenic pressure gradients, in five distinct European coastal and transitional ecosystems

In recent times many benthic indices have been proposed to assess the ecological quality of marine waters worldwide. In this study we compared single metrics and multi-metric methods to assess coastal and transitional benthic status along human pressure gradients in five distinct environments across Europe: Varna bay and lake (Bulgaria), Lesina lagoon (Italy), Mondego estuary (Portugal), Basque coast (Spain) and Oslofjord (Norway). Hence, 13 single metrics (abundance, number of taxa, and several diversity and sensitivity indices) and eight of the most common indices used within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for benthic assessment were selected: index of size spectra (ISS), Benthic assessment tool (BAT), Norwegian quality index (NQI), Multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), Benthic quality index (BQI), (Benthic ecosystem quality index (BEQI), Benthic index based on taxonomic sufficiency (BITS), and infaunal quality index (IQI). Within each system, sampling sites were ordered in an increasing pressure gradient according to a preliminary classification based on professional judgement. The different indices are largely consistent in their response to pressure gradient, except in some particular cases (i.e. BITS, in all cases, or ISS when a low number of individuals is present). Inconsistencies between indicator responses were most pronounced in transitional waters (i.e. IQI, BEQI), highlighting the difficulties of the generic application of indicators to all marine, estuarine and lagoonal environments. However, some of the single (i.e. ecological groups approach, diversity, richness) and multi-metric methods (i.e. BAT, M-AMBI, NQI) were able to detect such gradients both in transitional and coastal environments, being these multi-metric methods more consistent in the detection than single indices. This study highlights the importance of survey design and good reference conditions for some indicators. The agreement observed between different methodologies and their ability to detect quality trends across distinct environments constitutes a promising result for the implementation of the WFD’s monitoring plans. Moreover, these results have management implications, regarding the dangers of misclassification, uncertainty in the assessment, use of conflicting indices, and testing and validation of indices.     

安徽琴溪地区土壤硒元素有效性及开发研究

富硒土壤资源日益引起重视,但如何界定富硒土壤没有统一标准.本文选取安徽琴溪地区作为研究对象,利用安徽省富硒土壤分级标准,系统研究琴溪地区农业可耕地土壤及其植物中硒含量,这为琴溪地区富硒产品开发的定位提供了一定的理论依据,并对当地富硒产品的开发提出可行性建议.     

九寨沟7.0级地震房屋震害现场调查及其破坏特征

2017年8月8日四川省阿坝州九寨沟县发生7.0级地震,震源深度20 km,造成大量房屋不同程度的破坏,引发地质灾害。针对Ⅷ、Ⅸ区的337栋不同结构类型的房屋进行了震害特征分析,给出震害矩阵,揭示各类结构房屋的破坏机理。经过统计,所调查的房屋中3.3%的建筑保持完好,19.9%的建筑发生轻微破坏,51.3%的建筑发生中等破坏,21.1%的建筑发生严重破坏,4.5%的建筑发生毁坏。经过调查,钢筋混凝土框架结构、大跨度空间结构、钢框架结构以及采用木板作为填充墙的穿斗式木构架房屋在本次地震中表现良好。分析表明,经过合理的抗震设计,基本达到了中震可修的抗震设防目标,极大程度地保护了人们的生命及财产安全。     

地震地下流体井水位、水温观测数据集

地震地下流体井水位、水温观测是地震地球物理台网主要观测手段,其数据集包含水位、水温测项的原始数据、预处理数据、产品数据和均值类数据,可为地震监测预报研究提供重要的数据支撑,用于前兆异常、同震响应、区域应力变化特征、含水层参数反演、观测机理等研究。地下流体井水位、水温数据集不仅可为地震预测预报和科学研究提供服务,而且在国民经济建设领域具有重要的应用价值。     

含钾岩石在焙烧过程中矿物结构变化的研究

应用Ｘ衍射分析,红外光谱分析和化学分析结果,研究了含钾岩石和不同温度下焙烧所发生的矿物组成和结构变化,以及钾元素在变化过程中的活性变化。     

萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组砂丘砂沉积特征

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组沙丘砂沉积特征

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面萨拉乌苏组含7层古流动沙丘砂、4层古固定-半固定沙丘砂.对这些沙丘砂的沉积构造观察以及粒度、扫描电镜和常量化学元素分析结果表明：（1）这些沙丘砂具有与现代沙丘砂相似的风成沉积构造特征;（2）粒度及其参数——Mz、σ、Sk和Kg,以及主要化学组分SiO2、Al2O3和TOFE也与现代沙丘砂相近;（3）Mz-σ、SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE散点图和概率累积曲线显示这些沙丘砂与萨拉乌苏组中的河湖相、古土壤差别明显,而与现代沙丘砂一致;（4）石英砂颗粒具有良好的磨圆以及碟形坑、新月形坑、麻坑、上翻解理薄片、硅质沉淀和硅质裂纹等表面结构特征,反映其曾受持久的风力搬运作用.沉积构造、粒度、石英砂颗粒表面结构和化学元素等多个方面具备了与现代沙丘砂类似的风成特征,证明这些沙丘砂的成因是风成的.     

虾蟹混养塘中WSSV对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)致死效应的定量研究

采用实时荧光定量PCR法,在对白斑综合症多发的虾蟹混养塘内三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行定量跟踪检测的基础上,结合电子显微镜及病理切片,对室内经口服、注射两种回感模式处理已感染白斑综合症病毒的濒死三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行实验验证,并观察其体内主要器官组织的病理改变。结果表明,受白斑综合症病毒感染的三疣梭子蟹存活与死亡取决于蟹体内病毒含量,当病毒含量≥109拷贝/ml时均进入濒死或死亡阶段,其主要器官组织均有明显的病理改变。