A 3D hydrodynamic fate and transport model for herbicides in Sacca di Goro coastal lagoon (Northern Adriatic)

Sacca di Goro is a shallow coastal microtidal lagoon with a surface area of 26 km2, and an average depth of about 1.5m. Fresh water pollutant loads from Po River branches and several drainage canals lead to anthropogenic eutrophication, frequent summer anoxia crises and chemical contamination. Such events not only affect the lagoon ecosystem but also cause serious economic losses, the lagoon being the second largest producer of clams in Italy. The present work aims at using a fate model coupled with COHERENS 3D hydrodynamic model to simulate and to explain the spatial distribution and temporal variations of s-triazines herbicides in the Sacca di Goro lagoon. The simulation results of spatial and temporal dynamic behaviour of atrazine, simazine and terbuthylazine have been compared with experimental data obtained during an annual monitoring programme.     

Spatial distribution and ecotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from the Galicia continental shelf (NW Spain) after the Prestige oil spill

The distribution of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons was determined in surface sediments collected at 36 stations along the Galicia continental shelf (NW Spain), following the Prestige oil spill. Sampling was performed in December 2002, just after the accident, and in February and September 2003. Concentrations of PAHs (summation operator 13 parent components) were in the range of 0.9-422 microg/kgdw, the highest values being close to coastal urban areas (e.g. Pontevedra and A Coru?a), whereas in the stations of the area most heavily impacted by the spill (off Costa da Morte) concentrations were in the range of 14.8-89.6 microg/kgdw, with a certain predominance of alkylated compounds, which may suggest a mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. The detailed study of petrogenic molecular markers (e.g. steranes and triterpanes) showed the occurrence of an old (weathered) petrogenic chronic pollution in the shelf sediments but not of the Prestige oil, with the possible exception of few stations in the area of Costa da Morte. This was attributed to the heavy nature of the spilled oil that was barely dispersed in the water column and mainly stranded on the coast or sedimented in the form of oil patches. The addition of increasing amounts of fuel oil to a representative sediment sample showed that the molecular indices were indicative of the presence of the Prestige oil when the amount was above 1g/kg of sediment. The toxicity of selected samples (showing the higher PAH concentrations) was tested using the bivalve embryogenesis bioassay. Embryogenesis success reached high values in all cases (80-88%, with 86% in the control), indicating a lack of toxicity in the sediments and supporting the conclusion that the patchiness of the fuel eventually reaching the seafloor reduced its impact on the benthic communities of the Galician shelf.     

Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus (Teleostei: Paralichthyidae) from the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil)

Biomarkers of exposure (liver metallothionein-like proteins content and catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities) and effect (liver lipoperoxidation and blood cell DNA damage) of contaminants were analyzed in the Brazilian flounder Paralichthys orbignyanus from the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil). Flounders were collected for a year in two sites: "Coroa do Boi" (polluted site) and "Saco do Justino" (non-polluted site). Results indicated that micronucleated cells frequency was the best biomarker to distinguish flounders from the two sites. Taken together, data from DNA damage analyses (micronucleus test and comet assay) indicated that flounders from the non-polluted site efficiently repaired the DNA breaks, contrary to those from the polluted site, which probably had their DNA repair system inhibited or exhausted. Furthermore, data from enzyme activities (catalase and GST) and lipid peroxidation indicated that flounders from the polluted site were under oxidative stress in summer and autumn.     

矿山测量常见问题及应对措施探讨

提出了做好矿山测量工作应注意的几个方面的问题,对矿山测量工作中易出现的一些错误产生的原因进行了分析,得出做好矿山测量工作应该具有严谨、勤奋、求实、进取、吃苦耐劳的工作作风和很强的团队协作精神的结论。     

“天绘一号”卫星在轨性能评估

“天绘一号”卫星是中国新一代传输型摄影测量卫星, 由航天东方红卫星有限公司基于CAST2000小卫星平台研制。01星于2010年8月发射成功, 02星于2012年5月发射成功。经过在轨测试, 两颗卫星性能指标均达到设计要求。本文介绍了“天绘一号”卫星在轨性能测试的结果, 为该卫星后续业务化应用提供宝贵数据。     

黔东南州近30年气温的时空变化特征

利用贵州省黔东南州16个地面气象站1971～2007年的气温资料,分析近30多年黔东南州气温的时空变化特征.结果表明:黔东南州1970年以来.整体呈升温趋势,且由北向南增温幅度逐渐加大;1990年开始异常偏暖,21世纪初达到最大;EOF分解的第一主分量表征了黔东南州全体一致的升温趋势;第二主分量发现在某些年份,以凯里～台江～榕江北部～黎平～锦屏为分界线,南北温度变化呈反相位趋势.     

舟山近海日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)野生群体与露天养殖越冬群体间的形质差异

鉴于舟山沿海日本囊对虾秋苗养殖成活率显著低于春季和夏季人工养殖苗种之实际,深入开展适合于本地沿海养殖的日本囊对虾秋苗的优质亲体的选种研究显得十分必要。为此,作者采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析等方法定量研究了舟山近海日本囊对虾野生群体和露天池塘越冬养成群体间的形质特征差异。结果表明:两者在本研究所涉18项形质评价指标中的相似性指数仅为11.11%,欧氏距离为4.243(P0.01);经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达85.27%,其中第1主成分为以营养生理状况指数、额剑上缘锯齿数以及腹部肌肉发达程度为主导的体质强壮因子,第2主成分为以寻食视野与胸腔空间大小为主导的捕食运动功能因子,后3个主成分为以尾节肌肉发达程度为主导的避敌运动功能因子;采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的9项形质评价指标为自变量,所建Fisher分类函数方程组可清晰区分日本囊对虾野生群体和越冬养成群体,其中野生群体的判别准确率P1、P2分别为99.33%和96.13%,越冬养成群体的判别准确率P1、P2分别为96%和99.31%,两者综合判别准确率为97.67%。因此,日本囊对虾秋苗野生亲本形质特征的选择,应以秋苗越冬养成群体为参照。     

地壳拉张的筏状模式：来自亚利桑那东南部地震反射资料的证据

亚利桑那东南部Ｐｉｎａｌｅｎｏ山脉核复合体之下的弧状地震反射带是脆性变形的中、下地壳抬升带。反射带的顶对应Ｓａｆｆｏｒｄ盆地之下推测的中第三系滑脱断层的底，但与滑脱断层分叉后为一个明显的糜棱岩前端。在Ｐｉｎａｌｅｎｏ山脉之下－１．９秒深度处构成一个顶峰。从这一顶峰开始向反射带西南倾斜。在ＥａｇｌｅＰａｓｓ滑脱断层之下穿过，至相对未伸的Ｇａｉｌｕｒｏ山脉的上地壳之下变平位置约为４．８秒深度（－１３．     

地下流体数据跟踪事件质量分析

以地下流体数据跟踪分析产出事件为研究对象,总结数据跟踪分析工作现状,从观测系统故障、自然环境、场地环境、人为干扰、地球物理、不明原因事件6个方面,分析2019年地下流体数据跟踪分析存在的问题,并对典型事件进行总结,为地震台站跟踪分析事件记录提供参考。