一次溶样分离地质样品中Pb-Sr-Nd方法的可行性研究

现有的地质样品中Pb、Sr、Nd分离分析方法是对Pb和Sr - Nd分别采用两份样品进行分离,多消耗一份样品量,因而制约了样品量少的研究.本文提出了基于HNO3 - HF - HClO4混合酸熔融样品,采用AG1 - X8、AG50W - X8和HDEHP组合离子交换柱,对同一份地质样品一次溶样,连续分离Pb、Sr、Nd.用该方法对国际标准样品AGV -2、BHVO-2中的Pb、Sr、Nd进行分离,回收率均优于95％,全流程空白分别为Pb＜ 0.2 ng,Sr＜1.5 ng,Nd＜1.1 ng.用多接收器-电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC -ICP - MS)进行同位素比值测定,结果表明本研究提出的一份样品连续分离后的同位素测定结果与传统方法利用两份样品分别进行分离的结果在误差范围内完全一致.本文的研究可实现微量岩石样品的Pb、Sr、Nd同位素准确分析,对于珍贵样品的同位素组成研究具有重要意义.     

Dynamic variation and the fast acceleration of particles in Earth’s radiation belt

We have quantitatively investigated the radiation belt’s dynamic variations of 1.5-6.0 MeV electrons during 54 CME (coronal mass ejection)-driven storms from 1993 to 2003 and 26 CIR (corotating interaction region)-driven recurrent storms in 1995 by utilizing case and statistical studies based on the data from the SAMPEX satellite. It is found that the boundaries determined by fitting an exponential to the flux as a function of L shell obtained in this study agree with the observed outer and inner boundaries of the outer radiation belt. Furthermore, we have constructed the Radiation Belt Content (RBC) index by integrating the number density of electrons between those inner and outer boundaries. According to the ratio of the maximum RBC index during the recovery phase to the pre-storm average RBC index, we conclude that CME-driven storms produce more relativistic electrons than CIR-driven storms in the entire outer radiation belt, although the relativistic electron fluxes during CIR-related storms are much higher than those during CME-related storms at geosynchronous orbit. The physical radiation belt model STEERB is based on the three-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation and includes the physical processes of local wave-particle interactions, radial diffusion, and adiabatic transport. Due to the limitation of numerical schemes, formal radiation belt models do not include the cross diffusion term of local wave-particle interactions. The numerical experiments of STEERB have shown that the energetic electron fluxes can be overestimated by a factor of 5 or even several orders (depending on the pitch angle) if the cross diffusion term is ignored. This implies that the cross diffusion term is indispensable for the evaluation of radiation belt electron fluxes. Formal radiation belt models often adopt dipole magnetic field; the time varying Hilmer-Voigt geomagnetic field was adopted by the STEERB model, which self-consistently included the adiabatic transport process. The test simulations clearly indicate that the adiabatic process can significantly affect the evolution of radiation belt electrons. The interactions between interplanetary shocks and magnetosphere can excite ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere; the excited polodial mode ULF wave can cause the fast acceleration of "killer electrons". The acceleration mechanism of energetic electrons by poloidal and toroidal mode ULF wave is different at different L shells. The acceleration of energetic electrons by the toroidal mode ULF waves becomes important in the region with a larger L shell (the outer magnetosphere); in smaller L shell regions (the inner magnetosphere), the poloidal mode ULF becomes responsible for the acceleration of energetic electrons.     

浅谈GIS在空间规划底图编制中的应用

空间规划底图编制是实现省级空间规划方案"多规合一"的重要组成部分,为城镇、农业、生态三类空间的准确划分提供了基础数据。为此,本文探讨如何使用GIS软件解决空间规划底图编制中关于数据转换、数据提取、人机交互等方面的作业难题,为最终完成开发适宜性评价,提供经验与参考。     

引黄泥沙对鲁北平原内河生态影响分析

引黄对鲁北工农业及社会带来效益的同时,带来泥沙淤积等生态问题,在分析内河泥沙特征的同时,计算出1970-2000年进入鲁北内河的泥沙量为1．531亿m3,年均494万m3;全面分析了引黄尾沙对鲁北平原内河的影响,认为引黄尾沙是鲁北内河主要泥沙来源,不但使内河实测泥沙资料代表性发生变化,而且加剧了内河淤积,改变了断面形状和河流形态,对鲁北内河水生态环境的健康与稳定造成了一定的影响。     

Can Eurasia Experience a Cold Winter under a Third-Year La Ni?a in 2022/23?

The Northern Hemisphere(NH) often experiences frequent cold air outbreaks and heavy snowfalls during La Ni?a winters. In 2022, a third-year La Ni?a event has exceeded both the oceanic and atmospheric thresholds since spring and is predicted to reach its mature phase in December 2022. Under such a significant global climate signal, whether the Eurasian Continent will experience a tough cold winter should not be assumed, despite the direct influence of mid-to high-latitude,large-scale atmospheric ...     

长江镇江段第四纪沉积物重矿物特征及其指示意义

选取长江下游世业洲的第四纪钻孔资料,研究了重矿物的垂向分布特征,以此探讨长江镇江段第四纪以来的沉积类型以及物源演变。结果显示,该区自中更新世开始接受沉积,依次形成河床相、边滩相、漫滩相、河口三角洲相。重矿物自下而上分为2个组合段,分别对应更新世和全新世。更新世地层以角闪石、蓝晶石、石榴石等作为特征矿物,且不稳定矿物含量高于稳定矿物,表明沉积物以近源居多;全新世特征矿物为辉石和钛铁矿,稳定矿物含量高于不稳定矿物,重矿物种类与现代长江中上游类似,表明此阶段沉积物以远源物质为主。     

三维激光扫描技术在边坡移动监测中的应用

三维激光扫描技术以其准确、动态、实时、高精度、免接触以及可获得空间三维数据等技术特点和优势,成为测绘最新的一项应用技术[1]。本文主要介绍了三维激光扫描技术在滑坡(边坡移动)的监测和治理中的应用。并对其扫描精度进行分析,得出三维激光扫描技术可以代替传统测量技术应用与滑坡监测中,并对其要点进行了总结。     

互联网众源照片的三维重建定位技术

随着电子产品的普及和互联网发展,人们习惯性地将照片上传到主流图片分享网站和社交媒体。这些照片很多都没有地理坐标或者仅有模糊的位置信息。如果互联网上任意来源的电子照片能被恢复出真实地理位置,它们将可以应用在城市建设、城市景观分析和犯罪追踪等很多方面。本文提出了一种互联网众筹照片的三维重建定位技术,该技术将结构化组织的街景数据作为参考数据集,使用三步走策略：图像检索粗定位、图像匹配细筛选和三维重建精定位,来给不明来源的众筹照片附上精确的地理标签。本文通过摄影测量原理恢复待查询照片周围的三维空间信息,较之前Zamir和Shah的方法,定位精度中值从256.7 m提升到69.0 m,平均值从350.4 m提升到206.0 m,在50 m精度要求下的照片数量占比从17.2%提升到43.2%。另一个发现是在重建误差成因方面,待查询照片的相机距离主拍摄目标越近,定位总误差越小。本文所提出的照片定位技术提供了灵活的参数,使其应用范围不仅仅局限于小区域,也可以扩大至城市、国家尺度。     

山东莱芜矿山矿田铁矿产出构造类型、矿体型式及大-大中型矿床赋存规律

山东莱芜接触交代-热液铁矿产于中生代构造盆地周边的中奥陶统马家沟组碳酸盐岩与燕山晚期闪长岩接触带及其附近岩石中。矿山矿田的铁矿床可分为4种形态类型、6种构造类型和多种矿体型式。铁矿赋存规律研究表明,大-大中型矿床往往具有复杂和较复杂的矿体形态、单式褶皱背斜和复式褶皱背(向)斜的矿床构造类型,有利的围岩层位为马家沟组五阳山段、阁庄段和八陡段碳酸盐岩,同时矿床有比较大的埋藏深度(多为-200~-600 m),弧形隆起的南、北端和两侧的凸(凹)弯曲部位均为形成大-大中型铁矿床的有利部位。     

基于叠前地震反演的储层流体识别方法

首先以Fatti近似推导得到的弹性阻抗方程为出发点,讨论了纵波、横波阻抗的直接反演方法与流程,然后对各种流体识别因子进行了分析与归类和总结,给出了流体因子的一般表达形式,最后从Gassmann公式出发,对地震资料的特点以及含不同流体介质的物理特性进行分析,提出了一个高灵敏度流体因子。应用实例表明,高灵敏度流体识别因子对流体的识别较其它的流体识别因子有较高的灵敏度。