锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土加固柱抗震性能分析

为研究加固后锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土柱的抗震性能,设计16个钢筋混凝土矩形柱,对加速锈蚀后的试件采用外包钢及CFRP、GFRP材料进行加固处理,随后开展低周往复荷载试验,以研究不同加固材料、不同加固包裹方式、不同黏结材料等因素对锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度衰减、延性性能及耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响。研究结果表明:(1)与未锈蚀柱相比,加固后的箍筋锈蚀柱以弯剪破坏为主,CFRP加固试件较GFRP加固试件具有更高的承载力,但破坏时延性不如GFRP加固试件;(2)外包钢加固试件、CFRP加固试件、GFRP加固试件的耗能能力较未锈蚀试件分别增大222.3%、123.9%、98.5%,延性系数也相应增大45.3%、22.3%、25.6%。总之,外包钢加固对箍筋锈蚀柱抗震性能的提升最大,CFRP加固次之,但优于GFRP加固;整包加固优于环包加固;环氧树脂胶黏结略优于水泥基灌浆料黏结。     

平原地区水文地质结构条件模拟及其应用:以华北平原为例

为了分析储水介质非均质性问题,采用了基于马尔柯夫地层序列分析的分布条件模拟方法,用转移概率矩阵的谱分析函数替代传统地质统计学中的变差函数,利用协同指示克里格方法和条件模拟建立结构模型。以华北平原为例,论述了模拟结构建立过程及其在水流模型中的应用。通过对模拟结果与实测数据的分析比较,认为模拟结果能够客观反映整个研究区的沉积规律,以岩性赋水文地质参数的方法更加客观准确地解决储水介质非均质性问题。分析了该方法的优、缺点,并提出了该方法深入研究的方向与思路。     

一株海绵附生芽孢杆菌的抗硅藻附着活性成分的分离鉴定

为寻找天然抗污损活性化合物,以抗硅藻附着活性为导向,采用有机溶剂萃取、半制备高压液相色谱对分离自海绵的芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物进行分离,纯化抗硅藻附着活性物质,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、核磁共振波谱分析活性物质结构。从菌株UST050418-715代谢产物中分离得到7种具有抗硅藻附着活性的环二肽类化合物,分别鉴定为:(1)环(L-亮氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)、(2)环(L-缬氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(3)环(D-脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)、(4)环(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)、(5)环(甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(6)环(L-苯丙氨酸-顺式-8-羟基-D-脯氨酸-)、(7)环(L-苯丙氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)。说明海绵附生芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物中存在大量环二肽类化合物,可以帮助宿主海绵实现对硅藻附着的化学防御。     

水量统一调度以来黄河宁夏河段引黄耗水量分析

对1999~2012年黄河水量统一调度期间宁夏河段引水和退水的年内和年际变化、引排比关系进行了分析。采用引退水法和水量平衡法计算了宁夏河段的引黄耗水量。结果表明:引退水法平均耗水量为32.64×10~8m~3,年际变化相对比较平缓;水量平衡法平均耗水量为39.37×10~8m~3,年际变化非常明显。建议进一步加强实际引退水口门的数量核实和引退水的监测分析工作。     

地下水观测井水位自动化监测合理配置研究

自动化监测仪在地下水水位监测中已经广泛应用,但数据冗余、经费限制、资源不合理利用等问题使人们必须重视自动监测仪器采样间隔的科学性.本文采用时间序列分析方法,建立采样间隔与监测精度间的关系,得出华北平原地下水监测点大致分成三类:采样间隔不宜过小,人工监测宜能满足;采样间隔、监测手段宜因需调整;采样间隔很小,宜采用自动化监测.     

陕西地区小微震震源机制研究

小微震事件的震源机制是区域应力场及诸多地球动力学研究的基础资料。陕西地区为多个地震带的交汇区,近些年积累了丰富的小微震波形资料。运用新近发展的适用于求解小微震震源机制的广义极性振幅技术(GPAT),结合陕西2015地壳速度模型,求解陕西测震台网2011年4月至2015年12月间记录的121次ML1.5~3.5事件的震源机制。反演结果表明:(1)以上事件的震源机制大部分为走滑及正断类型,其比例占64.5%;逆断型机制占22.3%。(2)反演震源机制得到的震源深度与定位深度具有良好的一致性;矩震级与近震震级间存在差别,且这种差别随事件的变小而增大。(3)对比渭河断陷带相关研究成果,验证了该区域震源机制以正断型为主,具有拉张应力状态。     

Spatial-temporal pattern changes of main agriculture natural disasters in China during 1990-2011

China is a disaster prone country, and a comprehensive understanding of change of disasters is very important for China’s agricultural development. In this study, statistical techniques and geographic information system tools are employed to quantify the main agriculture disasters changes and effects on grain production in China during the period of 1990-2011. The results show that China’s grain production was severely affected by disasters including drought, flood, hail, frost and typhoon. The annual area covered by these disasters reached up to 48.7×10⁶ ha during the study period, which accounted for 44.8% of the total sown area, and about 55.1% of the per unit area grain yield change was caused by disasters. In addition, all of the disasters showed high variability, different changing trends, and spatial distribution. Drought, flood, and hail showed significantly decreasing trends, while frost and typhoon showed increasing trends. Drought and flood showed gradual changes and were distributed across the country, and disasters became more diversified from north to south. Drought was the dominated disaster type in northern China, while flood was the most important disaster type in the southern part. Hail was mainly observed in central and northern China, and frost was mainly distributed in southern China. Typhoon was greatly limited to the southeast coast. Furthermore, the resilience of grain production of each province was quite different, especially in several major grain producing areas, such as Shandong, Liaoning, Jilin and Jiangsu, where grain production was seriously affected by disasters. One reason for the difference of resilience of grain production was that grain production was marginalized in developed provinces when the economy underwent rapid development. For China’s agricultural development and grain security, we suggest that governments should place more emphasis on grain production, and invest more money in disaster prevention and mitigation, especially in the major grain producing provinces.     

IOD Modoki事件对华南后汛期降水异常的影响及可能机理

利用1979—2019年CN05.1中国区域高分辨率降水格点数据、英国Hadley中心观测海温数据、ERA5逐月大气再分析资料及大气环流模式,研究了华南后汛期期间(7—9月)IOD Modoki事件与华南后汛期降水异常的关系及可能机理。观测资料结果表明,华南后汛期降水异常与热带印度洋中部(东和西部)海温异常呈显著正(负)相关关系,表现为印度洋IOD Modoki或印度洋三极子事件的空间分布型。滤除ENSO信号影响后,华南后汛期降水异常仍和IOD Modoki存在较为密切的联系。IOD Modoki正异常对华南后汛期降水异常的影响有以下途径,一方面,异常水汽从热带印度洋东部向西输送至热带中印度洋后,在北半球受科氏力作用向东输送至华南地区,为华南地区提供了充足的水汽条件,并且对华南地区降水正异常的主要水汽辐合贡献为平均水汽的水平扰动散度项和扰动引起的平均水汽垂直平流项。另一方面,热带东南印度洋海温负异常,通过Mastuno-Gill响应引起对流层低层自热带东南印度洋至热带中印度洋有东南风异常,增强了70°E附近的越赤道气流,在北半球向东输送至西北太平洋,这引起了华南地区对流层低层气旋式环流异常。另外,热带东印度洋对流层低(高)层异常辐散(辐合),华南地区低(高)层异常辐合(辐散)增强了东亚地区的局地Hadley环流,有利于华南地区降水的产生。再者,IOD Modoki引起南亚季风区受异常下沉运动控制,并通过季风-荒漠机制引起副热带北大西洋东部、北非荒漠区及地中海西部周围正涡度异常,激发了沿急流向下游传播的准静止Rossby波,增强了日本海高压异常和华南及邻近地区对流层低层气旋式环流异常。上述原因均有利于华南地区降水的产生,反之亦然。上述结果在数值模式中亦得到了验证。     

Elastic-plastic analysis for pile-anchor supporting system of deep foundation pit

By using numerical analysis methods to simulate the deep excavation, a lot of analyses are established on the basis of two-dimensional plane strain, ignoring the fact that foundation pit possesses three dimensions. For soil constitutive relation, people always take linear and nonlinear model, without considering the plastic behavior of soil. Using plastic-elastic hardening model to simulate constitutive relation of soil characteristics, the authors carried out mechanical analysis for pit excavation and support. The results show that the analysis for the stress state of pile anchor system is an effective way which provides theoretical basis for calculation of soil displacement.     

利用铝饱和指数评价中酸性岩浆岩的含矿性——以山西省210个中酸性岩体为例

利用常量元素地球化学特征参与评价岩体的含矿性具有重要意义.通过计算山西境内210个中酸性岩体的铝饱和指数,发现含矿岩体与非矿岩体的铝饱和指数存在一个明显的分界值,即铝饱和指数大于1.7的岩体基本与矿有关,小于此值的岩体绝大多数尚未发现与矿有关.铝饱和指数可能是反映岩体中矿元素活化释放程度或能力的一项重要指标,是本次探讨的重点,对评价其他区域中酸性岩的含矿性有重要参考意义.