基于ComGIS的校园导航系统

分析了ComGIS的特点,并结合其特点,利用VisualBasic6.0,SuperMap和SQLServer2000等软件实现了校园导航系统的空间数据和属性数据的存储、可视化查询、测量地图等,同时介绍了系统空间数据库和空间地理模型的建立,以及在系统的设计中所涉及到的多媒体等技术。     

利用气象要素计算五道梁地区土壤热流量的试验

根据五道梁地区1994—1997年的热流板测量土壤热流值,初步分析了该地区土壤热流随时间的变化特征。利用1994—1996年的月平均资料分别分析了总辐射、地表温度、地表温度和80 cm深度温度差和2 cm、10 cm深度的土壤热流的相关性,并建立了相应的回归方程;利用得到的回归方程对1997年的土壤热流作计算检验,就月平均资料来说,用总辐射和地温差来计算浅层土壤热流结果是比较可靠的。     

一种新的守时型原子钟综合时间尺度方法研究

在这篇文章中, 提出了一种基于改进的指数平滑和Vondrak_Cepek联合平滑的氢铯综合时间尺度产生方法. 以最小误差方法为理论基础, 动态估计氢原子钟频率漂移参数, 提升氢原子钟钟差预测准确度; 基于改进的二次指数平滑产生氢原子钟组时间尺度、加权平均方法产生铯原子钟时间尺度, 同时设计Vondrak_Cepek滤波器以结合两类时间尺度长短期稳定度优势, 提升综合时间尺度性能. 实验结果表明, 所提方法产生的氢铯综合时间尺度时稳可达1.60x10^-15,天稳可达3x10^-15,优于ALGOS、AT1和Kalman滤波3种经典方法产生的时间 尺度性能.     

不同边界层参数化方案在中国西南地区东部高分辨率气候模拟中的敏感性研究

为了进一步评估和提高区域模式对西南地区东部高分辨率气候的模拟能力,利用 WRF模式,采用 多种边界层参数化方案（下称“不同方案”）对西南地区东部 1998—2019年夏季降水和气温进行双重嵌套模拟 （外层为D01,内层为D02）。对比不同方案模拟结果表明：多年平均降水量在D01中基本为湿偏差;D02中在四 川盆地和重庆低海拔地区为干偏差,湿偏差主要位于贵州和重庆的城口、石柱和武隆一带的地形复杂区;总体 上D01中ACM2方案误差最小,D02中MYJ方案误差最小。对多年平均气温的模拟在D01中除了四川盆地一 带为暖偏差外其余大部地区基本为冷偏差,D02 中大部地区为暖偏差;总体上 D01 和 D02 中 MYJ方案误差最 小,YSU方案最大。对于降水量和平均气温年际变化的模拟技巧在D01和D02中相对较高的地区均集中在重 庆中西部和湖北大部地区;降水量总体为 YSU 方案最高,MYJ 方案最低;平均气温总体为 MYJ 方案最高, ACM2方案最低。因此,提升模式分辨率至对流尺度后对不同气象要素模拟技巧最优的方案存在差异,需根据 业务情况选择适合本地的参数化方案。     

浅谈提高空中三角测量数据成果质量的3个关键环节

空中三角测量数据主要是为摄影测量提供定向框架数据,其质量决定最终产品的质量。笔者结合生产实践中遇到的实际问题,对提高空中三角测量数据成果质量的3个关键环节——航外控制测量,航内控制点量测,外业控制点的残差分析、空中三角测量成果检查及评定的重要性进行了阐述。     

Base cation concentrations in forest litter and topsoil have different responses to climate and tree species along elevational gradients

The forest litter is an essential reservoir of nutrients in forests, supplying a large part of absorbable base cations(BC) to topsoil, and facilitating plant growth within litter-soil system. To characterize elevational patterns of base cation concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil, and explore the effects of climate and tree species, we measured microclimate and collected the forest litter and topsoil(0-10 cm) samples across an elevational range of more than 2000 m(1243 ～ 3316 m a.s.l.),and analyzed the concentrations of BC in laboratory. Results showed that: 1) litter Ca concentration displayed a hump-shaped pattern along the elevational gradients, but litter K and Mg showed saddle-shaped patterns. Soil Ca concentration increased with elevation, while soil K and Mg had no significant changes. 2) Ca concentration in the forest litter under aspen(Populus davidiana) was significantly higher than that in all other species, but in topsoil, Ca concentration was higher under coniferous larch and fir(Larix chinensis and Abies fargesii). Litter K and Mg concentrations was higher under coniferous larch and fir, whereas there were nosignificant differences among tree species in the concentrations of K and Mg in topsoil. 3) Climatic factors including mean annual temperature(MAT), growing season precipitation(GSP) and non-growing season precipitation(NGSP) determined BC concentrations in the forest litter and topsoil. Soil C/N and C/P also influenced BC cycling between litter and soil. Observation along elevations within different tree species implies that above-ground tree species can redistribute below-ground cations, and this process is profoundly impacted by climate. Litter and soil Ca, K and Mg with different responses to environmental variables depend on their soluble capacity and mobile ability.     

Selective feeding of bay scallop Argopecten irradians on phytoplankton community revealed by HPLC analysis of phytopigments in Bohai Sea,China

Understanding the feeding selectivity on phytoplankton by shellfish is currently a big challenge.In order to investigate the feeding behavior of bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)on phytoplankton,we compared its compositions of phytopigments in digestive glands with those in the surrounding seawater,and conducted five consecutive investigations between July and November 2016 in a bay scallop culture area along coast of Qinghuangdao City,northwest of the Bohai Sea,China.Phytopigments in four-size fractionated phytoplankton of seawater(micro-(20-200 μm);nano(L)-[10-20 μm];nano(S)-[2.7-10 μm],and pico-[2.7 μm])and digestive glands of A.irradians were examined to investigate the selective feeding of A.irradians.Results show that fucoxanthin and peridinin constituted the major part of taxonomically diagnostic carotenoids(TDCs)in the micro-and nano(L)-phytoplankton in seawater.Compared with total phytoplankton biomass of seawater(TPB,sum of the four sizes),a substantial decrease of fucoxanthin proportion to total DCs in digestive glands was observed while that of peridinin,19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin,alloxanthin and 19'-hexanoyloxy-fucoxanthin showed an obvious increase when those pigments were mainly confined to micro-sized phytoplankton(20-200 μm).However,zeaxanthin and prasinoxanthin were mainly confined to nano(s)-and pico-phytoplankton,of which the proportions in digestive glands were usually lower in TPB.The contribution of lutein to total DCs in digestive glands(with an average of 7.23%)increased compared with TPB of seawater(with an average of 0.63%)during all five sampling times.     

海南岛4—9月短时强降水的天气型和环境参数特征

利用海南岛加密自动站逐小时降水资料、ERA5再分析资料,对海南岛短时强降水日环流配置进行了天气学分型,并进一步探讨了各天气型下海南岛短时强降水的时空分布、环流形势和关键环境参数特征。结果表明：(1)海南岛短时强降水有明显的日变化特征,呈单峰型,主要出现在15:00—19:00。(2)海南岛短时强降水的天气型主要有南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型。(3)南海低压槽、华南沿海槽、西南低压槽和冷锋型短时强降水分别占37%,31%,16%和16%。南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型主要出现在7、8和9月;西南低压槽型除9月外,其余各月份均可能出现;冷锋型绝大多数出现在4、5月。(4)南海低压槽和华南沿海槽型整层湿度条件都较好,不稳定能量较大,垂直风切变较弱。西南低压槽型不稳定能量较大,湿度条件一般,垂直风切变较弱。冷锋型存在明显的上干下湿特征,垂直风切变最大,0～6 km风速差75%分位大于10 m/s,不稳定能量最小。     

一种飞机空中积冰潜势诊断指数与检验评估

飞机积冰是影响飞行安全的重要危险天气,准确的积冰诊断对民航运行与安全具有重大意义,特别是对国产大飞机适航取证具有重要作用。本文参考改进的CIP(Current Icing Potential)指数,使用垂直速度和云中液态水含量对积冰潜势诊断指数进行优化得到SCIP(Simplified Current Icing Potential)指数,该指数直接基于大气层结资料给出较为准确地飞机积冰潜势,具有命中率高、实用性强的特点。用2021年2月28日至12月31日民航航空器报告对原CIP指数和SCIP指数进行对比验证评估,发现相比于原CIP指数,SCIP指数具有更优异的ROC曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)和TSS评分(True Skill Score)。但是对于不同程度的积冰,原CIP指数和SCIP指数均表现出较一致诊断效果,表明SCIP指数对诊断飞机积冰潜势具有重要作用,但无法判断积冰强度。根据2020年3月16日陕西区域飞机结冰个例验证表明增加垂直速度和云中液态水含量的影响对飞机积冰的描述更加细致,对提升积冰潜势诊断效果具有重要意义...     

基于SAR快速提取浒苔信息应用研究

2008年6月以来青岛近海出现的大面积浒苔对青岛奥帆赛场造成严重影响。如何快速、准确地发现浒苔,对治理浒苔具有显著的指导作用。采用卫星遥感数据,尤其是SAR数据对浒苔进行监测,运用一种基于区域增长面向对象的影像尺度分割方法,调整影像的分割尺度,快速提取浒苔信息,在浒苔遥感监测中效果显著。