Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Crest with Membrane Attachment on Cretaceous Pterodactyloid Nyctosaurus

The Nyctosaurus specimen KJ1 was reconstructed under the hypothesis that there is a membrane attached to the crest; the so-called headsail crest. The aerodynamic forces and moment acting on the headsail crest were analyzed. It was shown that KJ1 might adjust the angle of the headsail crest relative to the air current as one way to generate thrust (one of the aerodynamic forces, used to overcome body drag in forward flight) and that the magnitude of the thrust and moment could vary with the gesture angle and the relative location between the aerodynamic center of the headsail crest and body’s center of gravity. Three scenarios were tested for comparison: the crest with membrane attachment, the crest without membrane attachment and the absence of a cranial crest. It was shown that the aerodynamic characteristics (increasing, maintaining and decreasing thrusts and moment) would have almost disappear in flight for the crest without membrane attachment and was non-existent without the cranial crest. It is suggested from aerodynamics evidence alone that Nyctosaurus specimen KJ1 had a membrane attached to the crest and used this reconstructed form for auxiliary flight control.     

贵州青岩剖面青岩阶上部牙形石的发现及其意义

在贵州青岩剖面的青岩组之上,原被认为是拉丁期的垄头组下部的层段中发现了牙形石动物群,除少量的分枝分子外,都归属于Neogondolella属,可鉴定为4个种,即Neogondolella bifurcata,N.constricta,N.mombergensis和N.navicula.建立了2个牙形石带,自下而上是Neogondolella bifurcata带和N.cinstricta带.牙形石面貌证明这段地层在时代上非常接近但尚未进入拉丁阶,属于安尼期中晚期,进一步的牙形石工作将很有可能在目前发现的牙形石层段的上部寻找到安尼阶和拉丁阶之间的界限,从而为青岩阶顶界的限定提供可靠的牙形石证据.此外,牙形石的发现还初步实现了青岩阶2大主导门类化石--牙形石和菊石在同一剖面的直接对比关系.     

超新星光谱研究的进展：观测

介绍了超新星完整样品的分类概况，依次转述了各类超新星光谱观测的新进展。两颗特殊Ｉａ型超新星－ＳＮ１９９１Ｔ和ＳＮ１９９１ｂｇ一的发现对原先认为Ｉａ型超新星是均质的观点提出了挑战，对Ｉｂ／Ｉｃ型超新星应加以特别关注，ＩＩ型超新星ＳＮ１９９３Ｊ和ＳＮ１９８７Ｋ由光极大时的ＩＩ型演化星云类似于Ｉｂ／Ｉｃ的光谱，对传统的超新星Ｉ型和ＩＩ型的区分提出了质疑，对某些特殊ＩＩ型超新星也许列为“ＩＩｎ”型，其Ｈα     

2005年度天文学科科学基金项目申请和资助情况分析

介绍了2005年度天文学科科学基金申请、资助的基本情况,并对其结果进行了分析。     

A Research on the Imaging Strategy and Imaging Simulation of Toutatis in the Chang’e-2 Flyby Mission

For the Chang’e-2 extended mission of asteroid exploration, the illumination conditions for imaging the asteroid Toutatis are calculated in this paper according to the orbital parameters of both the Chang’e-2 detector and the asteroid, as well as the incident angles of sunlight. On this basis, it is suggested to take photographs after flyby, and the orientation of the camera's optical axis in the coordinate system deflned by Earth's mean equator and equinox at J2000.0 is proposed to be (118.02°, 22.03°). Based on the shape model of Toutatis determined by the foreign radar data, the orientation of the asteroid in the inertial space is calculated at the rendezvous time. Using the Oren-Nayar diffuse-reflection model and the relative positions among the sun, the asteroid, and the detector, together with the cameras orientation, the imaging simulations are performed on the starry sky background respectively at the distances of 300 km, 500 km, and 1000 km from the asteroid after flyby. The results of simulations are verified further by the optical images of Toutatis obtained in the mission.     

长岛县海洋产业结构优化研究

21世纪是海洋的世纪,科学利用海洋资源、发展海洋经济是实现人类社会可持续发展的重要途径。海岛地区,要在新一轮竞争中抢占发展先机、实现新的跨越,必须加快产业结构调整,推动产业转型提质增效。对此,以长岛为例,对海洋产业结构优化进行了专题研究。     

黄东海夏、冬季颗石藻群落及其分布研究

2009年作者对中国黄东海海域夏季(7月20日至9月1日)与冬季(12月23日至2月5日)的两个季度月的颗石藻群落与分布进行调查研究。2009年夏季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现21种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(Emiliania huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(Gephyrocapsa oceanica)、纤细伞球藻(Umbellosphaera tenuis)和深水花球藻(Florisphaera profunda)。颗石藻细胞丰度为0.23×103~17.62×103个/L,平均值为2.84×103个/L。2009年冬季,中国黄东海海域调查区共发现20种颗石藻,其优势物种分别为赫氏艾密里藻(E.huxleyi)、大洋桥石藻(G.oceanica)、深水花球藻(F.profunda)和纤细伞球藻(U.tenuis)。颗石藻的细胞丰度为0.12×103~35.35×103个/L,平均值为3.84×103个/L。本文系统地研究了颗石藻在我国黄、东海陆架海域的分布(特别是垂直分布),并对其作出了描述与分析,以期为关于中国海颗石藻群落分布等基础性研究提供可靠资料。     

调谐质量阻尼器对海洋平台的减振效果分析

目前调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的研究和设计多数是依据结构的第一阶模态进行的,忽略了TMD对结构其它模态的影响。为了明确TMD是否会对结构的高阶模态造成不利的影响以及影响的程度,论文采用模态分析法将海洋平台-TMD系统进行模态分解,推导出系统各阶模态的状态空间方程。并以一海洋平台为算例,讨论TMD针对结构的某一摸态进行设计时对各阶模态响应的减振效果,仿真的结果表明TMD对设计的模态有较好的减振效果,但对平台的其它模态响应的减振幅度有限,甚至产生不利影响,使某些模态的振动响应增幅较大。     

四种缘毛目纤毛虫的超微结构观察

为对相关研究提供基础性资料,应用透射电镜技术对4种缘毛目纤毛虫(双缘聚缩虫、羽状聚缩虫、共栖聚缩虫类似种和拟杯状伪钟虫)迄今不甚明了的部分超微结构进行了观察。结果表明：(1)在光镜下不同外观的表膜显示了基本相似的超微结构：均由3层单位膜(细胞膜和表膜泡内、外膜)构成,差别仅在于表膜泡的厚度有所不同。(2)大核均为致密性核。核内染色质呈团块状密集排布,核仁数目较少,为椭球状或球状;小核也为致密性结构,染色质呈不规则的凝聚态。(3)帚胚由双层的原生质膜和穿越双层膜并排列紧密的毛基体以及位于中心的肌丝组成。(4)柄内具众多均匀分布、平行于柄肌的微管;柄肌由双层膜包被,其内一侧为高度凝聚的肌丝,另一侧则分布有众多的线粒体。     

原油中的正构烷烃类在海沙和海水中风化的模拟实验

通过自然条件下沙表层和水面溢油的模拟风化实验,采用GC-MS作为检测器,研究原油中的正构烷烃在厦门地区的风化规律.结果表明,在一个月的风化模拟实验中,两种不同介质溢油风化均明显体现轻组分的正构烷烃丢失现象,且正构烷烃组分在水面溢油的风化速率低于沙表层溢油速率1～2个碳数.沙上模拟实验后期APr/APh比值明显受到风化影响,诊断比值不适用于油源鉴别.诊断比值An-C17/APr、An-C18/APh在短期风化过程中受风化影响小.水面溢油模拟实验结束后发现水体中n-C13-n-C29的正构烷烃组分含量升高2.9%～327.4%.