秩亏水准网平差公式的一维表达式

秩亏水准网按附中条件法平差的法议程系数和参数先验权阵具有对称特性,利用此特性和水准网附加矩阵的特殊形式,以及文献[2]中给出的线性议程组未知数及其函数,系数阵逆阵计算的一维公式,可导出秩亏水准网按中条件法平差的一维平差计算公式,使秩亏水准网平差计算和程序设计简单易行。     

水稻微波后向散射系数的模拟分析

提出了一套完整的水稻一次后向散射作用物理模型,通过该模型可以定量地模拟水稻对入射电磁波的后向散射作用,包括不同入射角、不同时相、不同波段、不同极化等各种情况,从而得到大量有价值的模拟结果。通过深入分析这些结果,可以对如何利用ＳＡＲ遥感数据更准确、更经济、更方便地进行水稻识别、长势监测及产品评估等工作提供理论依据和方法指导。     

沾化凹陷渤东地区沙三段岩性油藏成藏规律研究与滚动勘探开发

通过对渤东地区钻井、测井及地震资料进行系统、精细研究,认为该区沙三段为深水－半深水重力流水道沉积,砂体呈“条带状”或“透镜体”沿水道方向（北西向）展布,尔后发育的北东向断层将其切割后,既为渍气运移提供了通道,同时又对油气赵到测向封堵作用,从而形成了“切香肠式”岩性油藏、目倾尖来油藏、透镜体油藏等三种油藏类型。该类油藏的油气富集程度受储集层厚度、储集层物性、构造部位以及断层封堵性等因素的控制。由于渤     

海底管线表面压力分布的理论分析

为了获取海底管线表面压力变化特征,基于固体边界层基本方程,利用摄动方法推导了管线表面压力分布解析式,并利用物理模型试验数据对理论公式进行了检验。经对公式系数做出适当调整,压力系数的计算公式能反映出边界层分离点前后的分布规律。     

Response of intertidal macrobenthic communities to long term human induced changes in the Eo estuary (Asturias, Spain): implications for environmental management

Long term macrobenthos data together with physical habitat parameters were analysed to investigate spatial and temporal changes at an estuary under different anthropogenic pressures, mainly increasing shellfish farming. The aim was to assess the possible impacts of these pressures on the macrobenthic communities by comparing a period before and after changes in these pressures. Benthic samples were seasonally collected in 1990 (before major anthropogenic changes), 2000 and 2005 at the same sampling stations located on three different habitats in the Eo estuary (Northern Spanish coast). Multivariate and univariate methods were used to assess spatial variability of benthic assemblages and to compare community changes over time. Data from 1990 was assumed as the reference situation to appraise the subsequent impacts. We observed a significant spatial variability of the benthic assemblages in the system as a function of habitat heterogeneity in relation to sediment composition, presence/absence and density of seagrasses, and hydrodynamic regime. Changes were detected in the community composition at all sites during this 15 year period. The extent of changes was related to initial community conditions, rather than the intensity of the pressure. The results suggest that the responses of the benthic communities to human induced perturbations occurring in the system are largely dependent on its intrinsic buffer capacity, and that these communities have been able to cope with an increasing environmental stress (organic enrichment). In conclusion, to keep shellfish farming at a sustainable level without undesirable impacts, the disturbance intensity must be kept below the system carrying capacity. This will allow natural communities to cope with pressures and thus avoid further deterioration in ecological quality.     

Microcystin-induced oxidative stress in Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae)

Oxidative stress induced by microcystins was evaluated in an estuarine worm, Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae). Ten organisms were exposed to lyophilized cells of a toxic Microcystisaeruginosa strain RST9501 ( approximately 2 microg/mL microcystins, MC); 10 were exposed to lyophilized cells of a nontoxic Aphanotece sp. strain RSMan92 and 10 were maintained without cyanobacterial cells. Exposure time was 48 h. The enzymatic antioxidant defenses, as well as the oxidative damage, were analyzed. Toxic and nontoxic cyanobacteria lowered catalase activity with no changes in glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. This may have led to toxin intracellular accumulation, which should favor oxidative stress generation, observed by the high lipid peroxide and DNA-protein crosslink levels in the group exposed to MC.     

Physical Mechanism of Phased Variation of 2020 Extremely Heavy Meiyu in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River

The extremely heavy Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 features early beginning, extremely late retreat, long duration, and a dramatic north-south swing rain belt. It can be divided into three phases. The key point of the extremely heavy Meiyu is the long duration of precipitation. The physical mechanism of the phased variation is researched here by analyzing the phased evolution of atmospheric circulation, the thermal effect of Tibetan Plateau, the sea surface te...     

二连盆地西部隆起区卫境岩体铀丢失与盆内铀矿成矿关系探讨

二连盆地在近20年已探明多个砂岩、泥岩型铀矿床,是我国重要的产铀盆地。位于二连盆地边缘西北部隆起区的卫境岩体,是一个多期次(海西—燕山期)的复式岩体。其分布面积广(>1000km²)且有多个铀矿床围绕分布。为查明卫境岩体与盆地内铀成矿之间的关系,开展了详细地野外地质调查,采取了卫境岩体出露地表、钻孔中揭露的岩石以及盆地内含矿目的层砂岩样品。露头观察和镜下鉴定结果表明,卫境岩体主要为中粗粒黑云母似斑状花岗岩。其在地表已被强烈风化、剥蚀乃至夷平。含矿目的层砂岩中主要碎屑颗粒为石英、长石(斜长石与钾长石),部分为花岗岩岩屑,它们主要来自花岗岩岩体。卫境岩体和哈达图铀矿床目的层(赛汉组)砂岩样品稀土元素及其参数对比表明,含矿层砂岩物质成分来自于卫境岩体。卫境岩体与赛汉组砂岩样品Pb同位素分析结果表明,卫境岩体原始铀含量(U0)较高,平均达15.17×10^–6,丢失的铀含量平均达到–45.47%。赛汉组氧化带砂岩中铀明显丢失,平均铀的丢失率为–41.42%,而还原带砂岩中铀多为获得,平均铀获得率达66.80%。由此可知,目的层铀矿化中铀的来源有两...     

苏丹Muglad盆地Nugara凹陷AG组层序地层及地震相研究

基于地震、钻井及录井资料分析,将苏丹Muglad盆地Nugara凹陷AG组整体作为一个二级层序,内部划分出五个三 级层序,自下而上依次命名为SQA~SQE,各层序边界在地震和钻测井资料上特征明显,且对应良好。在建立的层序地层格 架内,通过识别不同地震反射单元的外部形态、内部结构、振幅、连续性和频率,在AG组内部五个三级层序内识别出席 状平行-亚平行相、楔状相、前积相、丘状相、杂乱相等地震相类型,地震相类型在各个层序中的发育分布具有继承性及 连续性,以此建立地震相演化模型。根据地震相展布特征,结合岩心相和测井相分析与标定,认为AG组主要发育三角 洲、辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、冲积扇及湖泊五种沉积相类型,同时讨论了地震-沉积相演化规律及受控因素。     

Are taxonomic distinctness measures compliant to other ecological indicators in assessing ecological status?

Assessing the ecological status, a concept implemented in the European Water Framework Directive [Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2000/60/EC establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy PE-CONS 3639/1/00, 72 p.], requires the application of methods capable of distinguishing different levels of ecological quality. Somerfield and Clarke [Marine Environmental Research 43 (2003) 145-156] proposed Average Taxonomic Distinctness to be used as tool in this context. We tested the robustness of Taxonomic Distinctness measures applying it in different scenarios (estuarine eutrophication, organic pollution, and re-colonisation after physical disturbance), analysing simultaneously its compliance to other types of ecological indicators. Results show that, in most of the case studies, only Total Taxonomic Distinctness was relatively satisfactory in discriminating between disturbed situations. Other Taxonomic Distinctness measures have not proved to be more sensitive than other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Eco-Exergy indices). Therefore, this approach does not seem to be particularly helpful in assessing systems' ecological status with regard to the WFD implementation.