东地中海对气候作用力的响应：来自最后两个间冰期高峰的认知

有关地中海海洋系统对气候效应的灵敏性这一问题仍处于争辩阶段。在这里,我们研究了在过去最后两个间冰期高峰期间东地中海海洋循环对日照效应的长期反应,在这期间大规模的水文变化导致了富含有机质的沉积物的沉积。     

近60年来广西北部湾气候变化及其适应研究

区域气候变化的适应研究是区域可持续发展的重要内容。文章通过收集近60年广西北部湾沿海地区的气温、降雨量和海平面变化等数据,采用小波分析、M-K检验等方法,分析该区域的气候变化特征,结果表明:年平均气温上升趋势明显,月平均气温峰值出现在6—8月,与全球平均气温变化趋势一致;年平均降雨量变化趋势不明显,5—10月是洪季;平均气温和平均降雨量存在4~6年的短周期振荡和12~16年的长周期振荡;平均气温突变年份可能是1993年或1995年,年平均降雨量的突变节点可能是2001或2007年;2007—2015年的平均海平面均高于常年海平面,平均高出常年海平面62.44mm,海平面上升造成海岸侵蚀、风暴潮增加和湿地损失增大等严重后果;建议在生态、生产、生活和管理等方面提高人类对气候变化的适应能力。     

基于解释结构模型的我国海洋生物医药产业发展影响因素分析

文章基于专家咨询和实地调研,从资源环境、科技创新、市场机制、政府行为和行业保障5个层面识别影响我国海洋生物医药产业发展的18个因素,通过建立解释结构模型分析各因素之间的传递路径和作用机理。结果表明,18个影响因素相互影响,形成4级递阶结构,其中市场需求、产品价格、市场营销手段和市场流通渠道是表层直接影响因素,资源开发利用难度、创新成果转化能力、专利数、企业实力与数量、质量标准体系、生物资源种类与数量、技术创新能力、专业人才数量、市场监管制度以及行业组织发展是中间层间接影响因素,水体质量、环境承载力、资金扶持力度以及科学规划与指导是深层根源影响因素。基于分析研究,提出组建产、学、研战略联盟,提高科技成果转化率;加快海洋牧场建设,保护海洋生物资源多样性;拓展投融资渠道,加大资金扶持力度的建议。     

Study on Ship Automatic Berthing System with Mooring Lines

This study describes an automatic berthing system with mooring lines. It is designed to be berthed by using mooring device on the upper deck of a ship. It is to berth once maintaining parallel with the quay by controlling both forward and aft breast lines. Berthing method is used through length adjustment of mooring lines connected between ship and quay by controlling the angular velocity and the torque of hydraulic motor in mooring device. The study is conducted under three changing conditions of draft, such as even-keel, rise of the gravity center and trim to stern. Variables affecting berthing stability are determined based on the control performance of each condition. Bond graphs method is used to model the system. Controller is designed as PID control method of reference-model algorithm. The control program is composed of synchronous control system based on the equations derived with the numerical analysis. The tank test is conducted to verify the usefulness of the control program.     

基于小波变换和HIS变换的海冰SAR与光学遥感影像融合方法研究

Sea ice as a disaster has recently attracted a great deal of attention in China. Its monitoring has become a routine task for the maritime sector. Remote sensing, which depends mainly on SAR and optical sensors, has become the primary means for sea-ice research. Optical images contain abundant sea-ice multi-spectral information, whereas SAR images contain rich sea-ice texture information. If the characteristic advantages of SAR and optical images could be combined for sea-ice study, the ability of sea-ice monitoring would be improved. In this study, in accordance with the characteristics of sea-ice SAR and optical images, the transformation and fusion methods for these images were chosen. Also, a fusion method of optical and SAR images was proposed in order to improve sea-ice identification. Texture information can play an important role in sea-ice classification. Haar wavelet transformation was found to be suitable for the sea-ice SAR images, and the texture information of the sea-ice SAR image from Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar(ASAR) loaded on ENVISAT was documented. The results of our studies showed that, the optical images in the hue-intensity-saturation(HIS) space could reflect the spectral characteristics of the sea-ice types more efficiently than in the red-green-blue(RGB) space, and the optical image from the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite(CBERS-02B) was transferred from the RGB space to the HIS space. The principal component analysis(PCA) method could potentially contain the maximum information of the sea-ice images by fusing the HIS and texture images. The fusion image was obtained by a PCA method, which included the advantages of both the sea-ice SAR image and the optical image. To validate the fusion method, three methods were used to evaluate the fused image, i.e., objective, subjective, and comprehensive evaluations. It was concluded that the fusion method proposed could improve the ability of image interpretation and sea-ice identification.     

Bioaccumulation of trace metals in the Antarctic amphipod Orchomene plebs: evaluation of toxicokinetic models

Bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in Antarctic gammaridean amphipod collectives, Orchomene plebs (Hurley, 1965), was investigated during a cruise of RV "Polarstern" to the Wedell Sea. With the sole exception of Cd the organisms accumulated metals during exposure and depurated them in uncontaminated seawater. Four independent toxicokinetic experiments and one field study were modelled simultaneously to calculate the following size-dependent bioconcentration factors for organisms with body length 10 mm (BCF(10 mm)): 130 (Co), 4030 (Cu), 190 (Ni), 2900 (Pb), and 5210 (Zn). On the time scale of our experiments the data suggest an increased metal uptake by previously exposed test organisms. The collectives investigated may be regarded as potentially suitable biomonitors for Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn but not for Cd. An approach to evaluate the sensitivity of Orchomene plebs as a biomonitor of waterborne metals in the field indicates minimal increments of the ambient exposure concentrations of 0.01 microg Co l(-1), 0.2 microg Cu l(-1), 0.4 microg Ni l(-1), 0.6 microg Pb l(-1) and 0.3 microg Zn l(-1).     

澳大利亚海岸概况

澳大利亚是个大陆岛,界于南纬11°—43°,东西长5000公里,面积约770万平方公里(包括塔斯马尼亚岛等)。她与南极大陆隔以3000公里的海域。在澳大利亚和亚洲大陆之间有一列岛屿,其中新几内亚位于与澳大利亚相同的大陆架上,在第四纪时通常是相连的。     

不同氮源对海洋微藻氮同位素分馏作用的影响

以海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana)为研究对象,分别考察了以硝酸盐、铵盐和尿素为氮源的氮同位素分馏作用。在建立相应理论模型基础上,分别计算出各个实验体系的ε值。结果表明,在藻类生长初期,δ^15N均较低,其δ^15N的积累主要发生在指数增长期,在稳定期达到最高,与氮源的初始δ^15N相同;不同氮源的氮同位素分馏作用也不相同,其中以铵盐最强,硝酸盐次之,尿素最弱。考虑到实际情况下氮化合物并非单一存在,作者还进一步考察了上述3种氮源混合后对其同位素分馏作用的影响,发现混合氮源体系的表观ε值介于单一氮源时的最大与最小ε值之间,该结果较好地解释了Montoya等(1991)在Chesapeak湾的现场实验结果。     

Induction of vitellogenin in vivo and in vitro in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes): comparison of gene expression and protein levels

Quantification of the egg yolk precursor vitellogenin (VTG) in fish has become a standard technique to detect estrogenic effects of known chemicals and environmental samples. In the present study, we have analysed VTG induction by estradiol, ethynylestradiol and genistein exposure in the model teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) and demonstrate that the medaka is a suitable model system to analyse estrogenic effects. By comparing VTG gene expression and protein levels we show that in principal both techniques can be used to study VTG induction in vivo (juvenile and adult males) and in vitro (primary cultures of male liver cells). If a short term in vivo or in vitro exposure is performed, detection of mRNA might be sufficient. For long term studies with the need to detect weak estrogenic chemicals and a precise quantification, immuno-chemical detection may be favoured.     

APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION TO SPECIATION DATA OF HEAVY METALS IN SUSPENDED PARTICULATES OF URBAN AIR

In order to get a better knowledge of the air pollution levels of the urban air of Barcelona,twelvesamples from three stations of the air-monitoring control network were analysed.Each control station isrepresentative of a different environmental situation.Thus the station at Plaa Molina responds to asimple domestic and urban traffic situation;the station at Poble Nou to the influence of medium andsmall industries,mainly metallurgical;and the station at Montcada to a zone in which there existimportant industries,a cement factory,two highways and railroads.The total content of unsedimentable particles,three inorganic anions(chlorides,sulphates andnitrates)and six heavy metals(Fe,Pb,Cu,Mn,Cr and Cd)were determined on all the samples obtainedduring the same period of time.The use of an analytical scheme of sequential extraction has alsopermitted the subdivision of the total content of each metal into the following four fractions:(1)solubleor exchangeable;(2)associated with carbonates and/or with iron and manganese oxides;(3)bound toorganic matter;and(4)residual.The use of principal component analysis applied to the data as a whole showed the associations andcorrelations between the various parameters as well as between the different above mentioned fractions.The predominant presence of Cd in the‘soluble or exchangeable’fraction is confirmed,while the othermetals are mainly associated with the‘carbonates and/or Fe and Mn oxides’and‘bound to organicmatter’fractions.Hierarchical cluster analysis applied to the twelve samples showed clearly the presence of threedifferent classes closely related to the origin(station)of the samples.Thus it becomes feasible to proposefor each station a possible profile of the content in terms of the different parameters considered.