中国地质学会2020年度“十大地质科技进展”

大庆油田等:松辽盆地北部古龙页岩油勘探取得重大发现大庆油田在松辽盆地北部古龙凹陷青一段地层的纯页岩内实现水平井产量重大战略突破,试油获高产工业油气流,定产试采表现出稳定的高产能力,平面上15口直井试油证实古龙页岩油平面分布范围广,规模立体含油,轻质油带具有较好的产油能力,轻质油带页岩油气资源量达到几十亿吨。通过岩心精细描述及实验分析化验数据,建立了以古沉积环境控制原始优质烃源岩发育、适中的热演化程度控制油气富集。     

Acquisition of Directional Parameters in Aerial Images Based on DEM Data

1　Extraction of the steep curve mapThe steep curve is defined as connection linefrom zero cross points which are produced fromthe convolution of Laplace ( LOG) filtration toDEM. Firstly, the elevation data from DEM areprocessed with LOG convolution and zero cross.The sampling formula is 2G(i,j) =12πσ6(r2 -2σ2)e-r2/2σ2 (1)where -M≤i≤M,-M≤j≤M,r2=i2+j2; M isthe filtration radius, nearly equaling to 5.1σ2; pre diction errorσis set to 4. Suppose that e[i,j] is asmall …     

论信息时代的城市发展

城市信息化是中国城市发展的新主题与新动力,是解决目前我国城市发展中诸多难题的重要途径。本文首先对比了数字城市和信息城市,然后指出了建设信息城市的迫切性和重要性,最后提出了城市信息科学的学科范畴。     

地质微生物作用与油气资源

地质微生物作用与油气资源的生成、保存、破坏、开采和勘探的各个环节都有着密切的联系。微生物(细菌)本身不仅是良好的成烃母质,还是促使有机物转化为石油烃的主要营力。微生物作用使沉积有机质向更有利于生烃的物质转化,并使有机质中表征成熟度的一些指标在尚未受热成熟作用前就显示成熟特征。沉积环境中微生物的发育对有机质的贡献与保存有积极作用,细菌对有机质的降解也有利于有机质中成烃组分的保存与富集。微生物作用生成的天然气、煤层气和甲烷水合物在世界各地已成为有商业开采价值的资源。然而,微生物对已成藏的油气资源又具有破坏作用。储层中喜氧与厌氧菌的存在,不仅破坏石油储量,还使原油质量明显下降。     

IAG2001年科学大会与大地测量学的最新进展

扼要报导了国际大地测量学术界的一次重要会议－IAG2001年科学大会。根据会议的学术报告,对坐标系统的统一与协调,全球重力场研究,导航卫星的应用,地壳形变与地球动力学等方面的研究进展作了详细介绍。     

面向对象的语义数据模型及其在空间数据库中的应用

传统的数据库模型适合于表示数字字母数据,难以处理复杂的空间数据。面向对象的语义数据模型克服了传统数据模型的许多不足,越来越多地应用于计算机科学各个领域。本文先描述了面向对象的语义数据模型,然后介绍了建立于这种模型基础上的空间数据库实验系统 spobase。     

GPS-derived horizontal ice flow velocities along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome-A, East Antarctica

1　IntroductionFromitsoriginalformulationin 1 990 ,theInternationalTrans AntarcticScientificExpedition (ITASE)hashadasitsprimaryaimthecollectionandinterpretationofacon tinental widearrayofenvironmentalparametersassembledthroughthecoordinatedeffortsofscientistsfromseveralnations(Mayewskietal.1 996) .AsaconsequenceITASEhasbeenfocusedtoaddresstwokeyscientificobjectives:1 )Todeterminethespatialvariabil ityofAntarcticclimate (eg.accumulation,airtemperature,atmosphericcirculation)overthelast2…     

743离子交换快速分离—等离子体光谱法同时测定十五个稀土元素

本文研制了适用于地质样品中15个稀土元素分析的快速方法。样品经碱熔沉淀分离和743阳离子交换树脂分离富集将稀土元素制备成溶液用等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)进行测量。方法检出限为0.002-0.3μg/g,当稀土元素含量为0.5-80,μg/g时,方法相对标准偏差为15％-2％。本方法经过多年的样品分析考验以及不断的改进和完善,证明方法简便快速,分析数据稳定可靠,能很好地满足地质样品中15个稀土分量测定的要求。     

Relocation of the October 9, 1505 Earthquake with M63/4

There have been 12 possible locations of the earthquakes occurring in the South Yellow Sea since 1505.In this paper,the location of the earthquake that occurred in 1505 has been determined by the collection of more historical data of the influenced field,referring the isoseismal data of earthquakes with the epicentral intensityⅨ and combining geophysical field data with tectonic condition,due to its great influence on seismic safety assessment of some significant engineering.     

The Best Natural Boundary:a New Concept Developed by Combining the Sequence Boundary with the GSSP

Through a detailed study of sequence boundaries, it is concluded that sequence stratigraphy is an independent regional and transitional stratigraphic system between local lithostratigraphy and global chronostratigraphy. Therefore, a new tripartite stratigraphic classification scheme has been proposed. By combining organically the concept of sequence boundaries with the GSSP, it is suggested that the GSSP should be chosen in a conformale portion of a related sequence boundary, and the boundary established in light of this concept is defined as the Best Natural Boundary (BNB). The definition of the BNB points out the working area and stratigraphic level for the GSSP. By referring to a case study of the Permian Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary, the concept of the BNB has been elaborated in detail, and it is proposed that the BNB of the Guadalupian and the Lopingian lies between the Mesogondolella granti Zone and the Ctarkina postbitteri Zone, which is also the sequence chronostratigraphic boundary between th