全文获取类型
收费全文 | 134篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 2篇 |
大气科学 | 8篇 |
地球物理 | 40篇 |
地质学 | 20篇 |
海洋学 | 36篇 |
天文学 | 20篇 |
自然地理 | 10篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 1篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 5篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1940年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Junji Yamamoto Shun'ichi Nakai Koshi Nishimura Ichiro Kaneoka Hiroyuki Kagi Keiko Sato Tasuku Okumura Vladimir S. Prikhod'ko Shoji Arai 《Island Arc》2009,18(1):225-241
Based on both major and trace element chemistry, the occurrence of the intergranular component in mantle-derived xenoliths from far eastern Russia has been constrained. Whole-rock trace element measurements of one xenolith show apparent negative anomalies in Ce, Th, and high field strength elements on normalized trace element patterns. The trace element pattern of the whole rock differs from those of constituent minerals, indicating that the anomalies in the whole rock are attributable to the presence of an intergranular component. That assumption was confirmed using in situ analysis of trace elements in the intergranular substance and melt inclusion using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Both the intergranular component and the melt inclusions have identical trace element patterns, which mean that these materials are a cognate metasomatizing agent. The anomalies are regarded as mantle metasomatism related to an aqueous fluid. Hydrous minerals were observed on the wall of the melt inclusions using micro-Raman spectroscopy, indicating that the melt inclusions contained a large amount of water. Thus, this study reveals a trace element composition of a hydrous metasomatizing agent in the mantle. 相似文献
72.
Tetsuya Nishikawa Yutaka Hori Satoshi Nagai Kazutaka Miyahara Yukinobu Nakamura Kazuhiro Harada Kuninao Tada Ichiro Imai 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(2):153-164
Long-term changes of the fish-killing raphidophyte Chattonella spp. (Chattonella antiqua, Chattonella marina and Chattonella ovata) were examined in relation to environmental factors at 19 sampling stations in Harima-Nada, eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan, for 36 years from 1973 to 2008. Long-term trends in the dynamics of Chattonella populations were considered to relate to environmental factors such as nutrient concentrations and water temperature. High nutrient levels during the period from the 1970s to the early 1980s have contributed to the high cell density and large-scale red tides of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. However, nutrient levels exhibited a decreasing trend thereafter, and it is thought that Chattonella spp. cannot form large-scale blooms under the present conditions. After the mid-1990s, the occurrence period of vegetative cells of Chattonella spp. has been several weeks or 1 month earlier than that of the 1970s and early 1980s, and the appearance frequency of Chattonella spp. has increased in the northern coastal area, although the cell density and the spatial scale of the distribution have become lower and smaller than those in the previous decades. It is suggested that the timing of germination of Chattonella cysts has become earlier as a result of the increase in water temperature, and the chances of vegetative growth have also increased, especially at the northern coast where most of large rivers discharge into the Harima-Nada. In addition, the present results revealed that fewer diatoms were also one of the significant factors for the high abundance of Chattonella spp. in Harima-Nada. 相似文献
73.
Sachihiko Itoh Ichiro Yasuda Hiromichi Ueno Toshio Suga Shigeho Kakehi 《Journal of Oceanography》2014,70(3):211-223
Regeneration of a warm anticyclonic ring as a result of interaction with cold water masses was observed within the western subarctic gyre of the North Pacific. Satellite, profiling float, and shipboard observations revealed that a warm-core ring originated from the Kuroshio Extension, propagating northeastwards, entrained cold and fresh water masses from the coastal area of Hokkaido, which are typically recognized within the ring as water that is colder than 2.5 °C. The potential temperature and planetary contribution of potential vorticity of the cold water in the coastal area of Hokkaido were <2 °C and 15 × 10?11 m?1s?1, respectively, suggesting that it originated from the Sea of Okhotsk. After the intrusion, the warm core of the ring cooled, freshened, and contracted, while the outer and lower parts became occupied by the cold and fresh water; however, even after the cooling, the positive surface elevation and downward depression of the main pycnocline, typical of an anticyclonic ring, were still evident. The ring continued to propagate northeastwards, with the main part of its structure occupied by the cold water, but changed its direction of travel from northwest to west-southwest 8 months after the cold-water event, and was finally absorbed into another warm-core ring. It is suggested that these anticyclonic rings, which transported and mixed warm and cold water masses, play important roles in the cross-gyre exchange of subtropical and subarctic waters in the North Pacific. 相似文献
74.
This study investigated temporal variations in the vertical structure and water properties of a warm-core ring that migrated
into the western subarctic gyre of the North Pacific, based on analyses of temperature and salinity data derived from two
profiling floats, together with shipboard and satellite observation data. The floats were initially deployed into cold and
fresh Oyashio water in September 2003, and were entrained into a warm-core ring in October 2003, remaining within the ring
until detrainment in December 2004. Drastic cooling and freshening of the upper core water of the ring were observed during
the above entrainment of the floats with cold and fresh water into the ring, whereas moderate variations in structure and
water properties were observed during a quasi-isolated phase from November 2003 to November 2004 when the ring did not experience
major interactions with ambient hydrographic features. The upper part of the core water (upper core), with relatively warm/saline
water above 26.6 σ
θ
, was under the influence of the atmosphere in winter via the formation of a deep mixed layer exceeding 300 dB, and had a
prominent pycnostad below the seasonal pycnocline from spring to autumn. In contrast, the lower core, with relatively cold
and fresh water below 26.6 σ
θ
, was not ventilated throughout the observation period. Isopycnal surfaces showed a shoaling trend of about 50 dB/year during
the quasi-isolated phase, suggesting viscous decay over a timescale of several years. Markedly cold and thick water was also
frequently observed within the ring, indicating the intrusion of water from the Sea of Okhotsk. 相似文献
75.
Abstract— Mokoia is a CV3 chondrite that contains abundant phyllosilicate mineralization. We present a detailed petrographic and scanning electron microscopic study of 24 dark inclusions (DIs) that we found in Mokoia. The overall texture and constituent minerals of the DIs resemble those in the host meteorite. Fe‐bearing saponite and Na‐rich phlogopite, the same phyllosilicates as in the host meteorite, occur in the DIs, which strongly suggests that the DIs have a similar alteration history to the host meteorite. However, the DIs show several distinct differences from the host meteorite. Olivine grains in the DI matrices are more homogeneous in Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio than those in the host meteorite matrix. Phyllosilicates in the DIs are less abundant than in the host meteorite, and they have been dehydrated to various extents. These characteristics suggest that the DIs have experienced higher degree of thermal metamorphism than the host meteorite. In addition, the matrices in the DIs are more compacted than those in the host meteorite. Most olivine grains in the DIs show undulatory extinction in transmitted crossed‐polarized light and some show planar fractures, while such olivine grains are rare in the host meteorite. Two of the DIs contain Si‐, Mg‐, Fe‐ and O‐rich melt veins. These characteristics indicate that most DIs have been shocked to shock stage S3‐S4, while the host meteorite is shock stage S1 (virtually unshocked). Thermal metamorphism of the DIs was likely caused by shock heating. These results are consistent with the contention previously proposed for the DIs in CV3 chondrites (i.e., the DIs have experienced aqueous alteration and subsequent dehydration on the CV parent body). We suggest that thermal and shock metamorphism occurred locally to various extents after pervasive aqueous alteration in the Mokoia parent body. 相似文献
76.
Bioconcentration and biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) through lower-trophic-level coastal marine food web 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bivalves, crabs, fishes, seawater, and sediment collected from the inner part of Tokyo Bay, Japan, were measured for 20 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and 5 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. To determine the trophic levels of the organisms, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) were also measured. Bioconcentration factors of PBDE and PCB congeners increased as the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) rose to log Kow = 7, above which they decreased again. Biomagnification of PCBs and several PBDE congeners (BDE47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) up the trophic ladder was confirmed by a positive correlation between their concentrations and δ15N. Other PBDE congeners showed a negative or no correlation, suggesting their biotransformation through metabolism. The more hydrophobic congeners of both PBDEs (Br = 2-6) and PCBs (Cl = 6-9) were biomagnified more. It thus appears that PBDEs are less biomagnified than PCBs. 相似文献
77.
78.
Inundation disasters, caused by sudden water level rise or rapid flow, occur frequently in various parts of the world. Such catastrophes strike not only in thinly populated flood plains or farmland but also in highly populated villages or urban areas. Inundation of the populated areas causes severe damage to the economy, injury, and loss of life; therefore, a proper management scheme for the disaster has to be developed. To predict and manage such adversity, an understanding of the dynamic processes of inundation flow is necessary because risk estimation is performed based on inundation flow information. In this study, we developed a comprehensive method to conduct detailed inundation flow simulations for a populated area with quite complex topographical features using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. Detailed geospatial information including the location and shape of each building was extracted from the LiDAR data and used for the grid generation. The developed approach can distinguish buildings from vegetation and treat them differently in the flow model. With this method, a fine unstructured grid can be generated representing the complicated urban land features precisely without exhausting labour for data preparation. The accuracy of the generated grid with different grid spacing and grid type is discussed and the optimal range of grid spacing for direct representation of urban topography is investigated. The developed method is applied to the estimation of inundation flows, which occurred in the basin of the Shin‐minato River. A detailed inundation flow structure is represented by the flow model, and the flow characteristics with respect to topographic features are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
79.
Ichiro Yoshikawa Junya Ono Go Murakami Shingo Kameda 《Planetary and Space Science》2008,56(13):1676-1680
A rare, but normal, astronomical event occurred on November 9th 2006 (JST) as Mercury passed in front of the Sun from the perspective of the Earth. The abundance of the sodium vapor above the planet limb was observed by detecting an excess absorption in the solar sodium line D1 during this event. The observation was performed with a 10-m spectrograph of Czerny-Turnar system at Domeless Solar Tower Telescope at the Hida Observatory in Japan. The excess absorption was red-shifted by 10 pm relative to the solar line, and was measured at the dawnside (eastside) and duskside (westside) of Mercury. Between the dawn and dusksides, an asymmetry of total sodium abundance was clearly identified. At the dawnside, the total sodium column density was 6.1×1010 Na atoms/cm2, while it was 4.1×1010 Na atoms/cm2 at the duskside. The investigation of dawn-dusk asymmetry of the sodium exosphere of Mercury is a clue to understand the release mechanism of sodium from the surface rock. Our result suggests that a thermal desorption is a main source process for sodium vapor in the vicinity of Mercury. 相似文献
80.
The α − β transition of quartz was successfully observed with using a single sample by means of the rectangular parallelepiped
resonance (RPR) method. An oriented rectangular parallelepiped of α-quartz single crystal was prepared and the resonant frequencies
of 30–11 vibrational modes were measured from room temperature to 700°C. The softening of quartz crystal was observed as the
significant reduction of resonant frequencies near the α–β transition. The present study is the first application of the RPR
method to the study of phase transition. The complete set of elastic constants of α- and β-quartz were determined as a function
of temperature by the least-squares inversion of the measured frequency data obtained by a single run. This is a merit yielded
by the RPR method. It is shown near the α − β transition in both α- and β-quartz that the elastic parameters decrease proportionally
to |T−T
0|−n
, where T is temperature and T
0 is the transition temperature, 573.0°C for α-quartz and 574.3°C for β-quartz. It was also seen that linear incompressibilities
K
1 = (C
11
+C
12
+C
13)/3 and K
3 = (C
33
+2C
13)/3 decrease rapidly toward the transition, whereas, shear moduli C
44, C
S1 = (C
11
+C
33
-2C
13)/4 and C
S3 = (C
11
-C
12)/2 = C
66 decrease only slightly. The shear modulus C
S3 = C
66 increased slightly in α-quartz. The elastic properties of isotropic aggregate of quartz were calculated, and it is shown
that the longitudinal wave velocity significantly decreases at the α − β transition, whereas, the shear wave velocity decreases
only slightly. 相似文献