松辽盆地嫩江组油页岩发育控制因素

松辽盆地嫩江组一段和二段发育的油页岩是极其优质烃源岩, 生物标志化合物参数指示油页岩母质生源主要来自于水生生物其繁盛受温湿气候和湖泊富营养化控制.岩石学、元素地球化学、生物标志化合物等参数表明, 高盐和缺氧条件下的稳定水体分层是嫩一段油页岩沉积时期有机质保存的主控因素, 而嫩二段油页岩沉积时期水体盐度分层明显减弱, 此时藻类个体增大和孤立藻数量增多条件下的高生物生产力有利于有机质富集.为揭示嫩江组不同沉积环境下油页岩发育的控制因素, 建立了嫩一段油页岩沉积时期保存条件控制和嫩二段油页岩沉积时期生物生产力控制的两种有机质富集模式, 这对含氧淡水大型陆相湖泊的有机质富集成因探讨具有重要借鉴意义.      

Enhancement of the benthic communities around an isolated island in the Antarctic Ocean

Insular marine biotas are often richer in faunal diversity than those from the open sea in the same geographical region. The existence of particular island effects were tested under polar conditions by comparing infaunal benthic assemblages on Peter I Island with those of similar latitudes in the open ocean at the Bellingshausen Sea and also from the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. Sampling was carried out aboard the R/V Hespérides during the expedition named BENTART-2003 from 24 January to 3 March 2003. Benthic samples were collected at 18 stations ranging from 90 to 2 044 m depth, using an USNEL-type box corer (BC) dredge. Representatives of 32 higher taxa of invertebrates were found. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed various patterns in the data. First, significant differences in polychaete abundance were detected between the stations located in the open sea and the remaining sites (island plus mainland sites). Bivalve abundances were also distinct between island and mainland sampling sites. Sediment columns taken from the island seafloor exhibited the highest rate of bioturbation by the infauna. These findings confirm the model that islands develop distinct assemblages characterized by the enhancement of the benthic communities even in cold waters. Several abiotic factors were measured simultaneously at the seafloor and along the water column to investigate faunal distribution patterns. Significant correlations were found between the benthic assemblages and a combination of two environmental variables: "island effect" (measured as a categorical variable) and the redox state of sediments. Richer and more complex benthic assemblages were found in Peter I Island’s sea bottom, whereas the more depauperate bottoms remained in the open sea.     

Significant variations in the productivity of green macroalgae in a mesotidal estuary: implications to the nutrient loading of the system and the adjacent coastal area

A spatially dynamic model for the productivity of spores and adults of green macroalgae (Enteromorpha sp.) was developed for a mesotidal estuary (Mondego estuary, Portugal). Many of the algal processes and parameters included in the model were experimentally obtained. Model predictions were compared to a real time series (1993-1997) of macroalgal biomass variation and the two sets show a good agreement (ANOVA, P<0.001). Results suggest that algal growth is highly sensitive to small changes in depth and exhibits different patterns of variation in different seasons. On a yearly basis, global calculations for the south channel of the estuary (137 ha) suggest that during bloom years, macroalgal biomass may reach about 21,205 ton DW compared to 240 ton DW in regular years. On a seasonal basis, the difference may be even more significant. The consequences of such variations on the nitrogen and phosphorus loading of the system and the adjacent coastal area are discussed.     

Using historical data, expert judgement and multivariate analysis in assessing reference conditions and benthic ecological status, according to the European Water Framework Directive

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes a framework for the protection and improvement of estuarine and coastal waters, trying to achieve 'good surface water status at the latest 15 years after the date of entry into force of this Directive'. One of the biological elements that should be analysed is the benthos and, as such, the WFD normative definitions describe the aspects of the benthic communities that must be included in the ecological status assessment of a water body. Therefore, it is essential to include, in the assessment, the different metrics that address those parameters identified in the normative definitions for each of the ecological status classes. In this contribution the use of the AMBI, richness and diversity, combined with the use, in a further development, of factor analysis together with discriminant analysis, is presented as an objective tool (named here M-AMBI) in assessing ecological quality status. This assessment requires previous classification of water bodies and typologies, together with the definition of reference conditions; this is undertaken in this contribution using historical data, expert judgement and multivariate analysis. The study has been undertaken by examining changes in benthic communities in the Basque Country, over the last decade, as a case-study, to demonstrate the accuracy and potential of these methodologies.     

含水合物沉积物声学特性的实验研究

天然气水合物沉积层声学特性的研究对于水合物的勘探及资源评价均有重要意义.目前,对纯水合物已有较多的岩石物性数据,但对含水合物沉积物的声学参数则研究较少.关于沉积物中水合物饱和度对声学性质的影响已有一些研究,但还不足以验证前人提出的理论模型,从而修正原有模型或建立新的模型.青岛海洋地质研究所取得了人工岩心中水合物饱和度与声速关系的初步研究成果,建议对系列人工岩心进行深入实验研究,建立一套水合物饱和度与声学特性关系的实验模型.     

Calculation of Intercepted Volume of Sewer Overflows： a Model for Control of Nonpoint Pollution Sources in Urban Areas

The authors discovered large differences in the characteristics of overflows by the calculation of 1） intercepting volume of overflows for sewer systems using SWMM model which takes into consideration the runoff and pollutants from rainfalls and 2） the intercepted volume in the total flow at an investigation site. The intercepting rate at the investigation point of CSOs showed higher values than the SSDs. Based on the modeling of the receiving water quality after calculating the intercepting amount of overflows by considering the characteristics of outflows for a proper management of the overflow of sewer systems with rainfalls, it is clear that the BOD decreased by 82.9%-94.0% for the discharge after intercepting a specific amount of flows compared to the discharge from unprocessed overflows.     

山东中更新世以来冰碛年龄、雪线高程与气候演化——以蒙山、崂山为例

古雪线直接反映了冰期时的气候特征,因此雪线是古冰川研究最终要解决的问题。2017年笔者等基于蒙山雪线的初步研究,发现东亚地区存在的雪线低洼区,采用了东亚冷槽的概念来表述该槽状雪线低洼区,并初步绘制了东亚冷槽的雪线高程。本文主要介绍了山东段(蒙山-崂山)的研究情况。根据山东蒙山、崂山34个光释光、宇生核素等方法获得的冰碛年龄数据及对应冰期雪线高程研究,表明崂山的雪线比蒙山要低,且在MIS6之前的冰期,崂山东侧冰碛多被现代海面淹没。研究表明,我国东部的气候敏感度要明显强于西部高原区,冰期时强劲的北路寒潮是我国东部地区冰川形成的核心气候因素。     

A Giant Gold System, Geita Greenstone Belt, Tanzania

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