Report on the Third IGCP-649 International Workshop on the Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolites and Chromitites, Cuba

<正>During April 3~(rd)–14~(th),the Third International Ophiolite Workshop of the International Geoscience Programme"Diamonds and Recycled Mantle"(IGCP-649)was successfully held in Havana,Cuba(Fig.1a).After the workshop,participants participated in a field trip to the Mayarí-Baracoa ophiolites and related chromitites in     

地球早期地质生物化学演化

绪言近年来,目的在于对地球形成及其早期演化过程作出解释的研究日益增多。相应的资料来自以古老地体调查为根据的各种各样野外和实验室数据,包括实验岩石学研究、地球化学计算、微生物学和天文学考察。本文考虑到地球早期地质生物化学演化的各个方面,综合资料适用于上述种种来源,从而发挥和刷新了由Lambert和Groves(1981)所提出的许多结论。第一节中提     

推广使用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)增强钻进护孔效能

1980年我队承担四个勘探区的钻探施工任务,其中多数钻孔孔壁不稳,坍塌、掉块、严重超径、地下水活动强烈等,给钻探施工造成了严重障碍。为了保证钻探施工的顺利进行,以往主要选用套管、泥浆、速凝早强水泥三类办法综合进行护孔堵漏,但占用时间多,成本高、可靠性差、操作繁杂,因此护孔堵漏仍是钻探技术的一大难关。例如中甸雪鸡坪勘区,钻孔弯     

正直近景摄影测量的精度(方程式的推演并和模拟法比较结果)

在摄影测量的模拟和解析的应用中,垂直式摄影测量应用的最普遍。在正直近景摄影测量的情况下,应用垂直式航空摄影测量学估算精度的公式,得不到满意的结果。因此,为了估算近景摄影测量的精度,应用数学模型(模拟)的方法。用模拟的方法所获得的估算精度与实际应用中所获得的精度相符。但是,模拟方法花钱多而且工艺复杂。这篇论文用数学和实验证明了估算正直近景摄影测量和航空摄影测量精度新推导出来的公式。     

华南冷季暴雨中热带卷云羽特征研究

冷季暴雨特别是南方冷季暴雨不但常有发生,其强度和灾害甚至不亚于暖季暴雨。统计表明约有80%的华南冷季强降水与热带卷云羽(简称TP)活动相对应。为此,本文利用近7年FY-2静止气象卫星、TRMM卫星合成降水率数据、ECMWFInterim再分析资料以及地面与探空的常规观测资料等,综合分析了与华南冷季暴雨相关的热带卷云羽的相关特征。分析结果表明,与华南冷季降水有关的TP云产生的源地主要集中在0°~10°N、70°~140°E之间区域内。青藏高原大地形作用对TP引起的华南冷季降水分布具有不可忽视的作用。Hovm6ller图分析显示,TP云在爆发前,云系大多呈连续西传的特征,传播速度约为15~20 m·s~(-1),与大尺度斜压波波速相当或略快。一般来说,与弱降水相比,引起强降水的TP云在爆发前移速较快,受来自对流层中上层的动力强迫影响较大。TP云爆发后,云内强对流区总体移动速度不快,大部分集中在TP云的西南端较小范围内。副热带高空急流只是使得TP云的云盖快速向东扩展。上述特征可能是造成华南冷季强降水中只有个别站点强度大而整体降水强度不强的可能原因。     

Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in marine biota and coastal sediments from the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman

The composition and spatial distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in biota and coastal sediments from four countries surrounding the Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman). The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), aliphatic unresolved mixture and PAHs in sediments and biota were relatively low compared to world-wide locations reported to be chronically contaminated by oil. Only in the case of the sediments collected near the BAPCO oil refinery in Bahrain, having concentrations of 779 μg g⁻¹ total petroleum hydrocarbon equivalents and 6.6 μg g⁻¹ ∑PAHs, can they be categorized as chronically contaminated. Some evidence of oil contamination was also apparent in sediments and bivalves around Akkah Head and Abu Dhabi in the UAE, and near Mirbat in Oman. Contaminant patterns in sediments and biota indicated that the PAHs were mainly from fossil sources, with the exception of the high PAH concentrations in sediments near the BAPCO refinery that contained substantial concentrations of carcinogenic PAH combustion products.     

文蛤多肽的体外抗癌活性研究

采用硫酸铵沉淀、有机溶剂分离、Sephadex G-25分子筛层析等实验方法,从文蛤肉中提取了一种低分子量的多肽,命名为Mer2．本文以溴化二苯偶氮盐（MTT）法检测Mer2对体外培养的癌细胞的抑制作用．结果表明Mer2对体外培养的人肝癌细胞株（HepG2）、宫颈癌细胞株（Hela）、胆管癌细胞株（QBC939）、肺癌细胞株（SPC—A-1和LTEP—a-2）的生长均有很强的抑制作用,且抑制效果随着Mer2含量的增高和处理时间的延长而增强,证明Mer2具有广谱的抗癌活性．其中Mer2对人肝癌HepG2细胞株抑制作用最为显著,光学显微镜观察经Mer2细胞培养液处理后的细胞形态发生明显的改变,流式细胞仪实验的结果表明处理后的细胞周期发生明显的改变,并在G0／G1期前出现凋亡峰．     

Specific profiles of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish and tucuxi dolphins from the estuary of Paraíba do Sul River, Southeastern Brazil

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment and subject of several studies due to their adverse effects as endocrine disruptors. Despite the concern over widespread distribution of PBDEs even in sparsely populated regions of the world, few studies have reported their occurrence in Brazil. In this study, PBDEs and PCBs levels were measured in selected fish species and dolphins from Paraiba do Sul River, Brazil. BDE 47 and 85 were the predominant congeners. Low chlorinated congeners showed the highest concentrations in fish; however dolphins presented the highest proportion of PCBs 153, followed by 138 and 180. The daily intake of PBDEs and PCBs was estimated for the population of this region. PCB daily intake through consumption of croaker was above the limits set by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, raising great concern over the existence of a source of PCB contamination in Brazil.     

Testing phenanthrene distribution properties of virgin plastic pellets and plastic eroded pellets found on Lesvos island beaches (Greece)

Plastic pellets have been characterized as toxic pollutant carriers throughout the world oceans and coastal zones. However, their sorptive properties are not yet well understood. In the present study, virgin pellets and plastic eroded pellets (PEP) are used to elucidate their distribution characteristics through distribution kinetic studies. Distribution occurs through diffusion into the pellet for all materials (polyethylene, polyoxymethylene, and PEP) except polypropylene (PP). Although diffusion into the polymer happens with similar rates for both freshwater and saltwater external solutions, apparent diffusion is dependent on the solution salinity because it results in higher equilibrium distribution coefficients. Distribution coefficient into the PEP is higher and diffusion is slower than into the virgin materials. This is attributed to increased crystallinity of the PEP due to weathering. PP demonstrates diffusion rates that are increased by salinity and is apparently faster than into the other polymers suggesting a surface diffusion process.     

山东蒙山第四纪冰川遗迹光释光测年研究及冰期划分与对比

针对蒙山发育的第四纪冰川遗迹,采用光释光(Optic Stimulated Luminescence)的测年方法,对遗迹较新的冰碛垄进行了采样与测试,首次在我国东部中低山区获得了8.2ka BP与18.2~22.2ka BP两个时间段的冰期年龄值,对应于8.2ka BP早全新世全球冷事件与末次冰盛期。根据冰碛垄的特征与测定年龄值,结合我国以往其他地区冰期的对比研究,在蒙山建立了拦马冰期与蒙山冰期。本项研究,确认并发展了李四光关于我国东部第四纪冰川理论。