储层反演技术在新疆兰尕地区的应用

新疆塔里木盆地沙稚隆起艾协克-桑台塔木油气区是地震工作最早、勘探程度较高地区．1994年以来,地矿部西北石油局加大了对该区的勘探力度,先后在桑塔木、艾协克、塔里木乡、牧场北、艾协克北、桑塔木东北部署了三维地震勘探工作,并对三维地震资料进行了处理与解释,落实了有利圈闭．在此基础上对有利区块开展了储层反演工作,确定了工区储层展仃特征,为该区下一步开发部署提供了依据．     

基于光谱和纹理的SVM矿化蚀变信息提取研究

针对传统矿化信息提取方法单一,利用光谱或纹理、信息量相对较少、需要大量样本的缺陷,利用基于光谱和纹理的支持向量机(SVM)原理,建立矿化信息提取模型.选择青海泽库县析界日地区作为典型研究区.首先提取研究区光谱和纹理信息,选取训练样本;然后求解最优超平面,进而确定决策函数;最后泛化推广识别其他待识别的样本.通过所提取的遥感蚀变异常信息与重砂异常点叠加分析,叠加基本吻合;从野外实地验证来看,均发现了不同程度的矿化现象,并指出了5个重点异常区.     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

Changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under the interaction between sunlight and phosphate in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary

We conducted ship-board incubation experiments to investigate changes in nutrient uptake of phytoplankton under different phosphate concentrations and irradiances in the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in China. Under 100% natural irradiance the uptake rates of phosphate, silicate, and nitrate were accelerated at high phosphate levels （1.84 μM）, while under low irradiance （about 50% natural irradiance） their uptake rates were restrained at the high but stimulated greatly at the intermediate phosphate concentrations （1.26 μM）, as the growth of phytoplankton, changes in nitrite and ammonium uptake didn＇t follow an obvious pattern. Our results also showed that there were linear relationships between nitrate, silicate and phosphate uptake at different phosphate concentrations under low and high irradiances, and the growth period of phytoplankton was prolonged both at the high phosphate concentrations under high irradiance and at the intermediate concentrations under low irradiance, suggesting that the limitation of phytoplankton growth mainly reflected changes in its growth period, and because no such environment （low irradiance and low phosphate concentrations） actually existed in a high turbidity zone, phytoplankton blooms hardly occurred there. In the absence of irradiance, denitrification occurred readily and phytoplankton was kept decreasing, which resulted in phosphate regeneration.     

北京城市地表温度的遥感时空分析

运用Landsat TM/ETM+和Terra ASTER数据,对北京市1990~2007年夏季的地表温度进行了反演,并对地表温度的空间分布、时间变化作出了分析。对Landsat TM/ETM+数据的温度反演采用了普适性单波段算法,ASTER数据的温度反演采用了劈窗算法。通过对地表温度数据的直方图均衡处理以及综合对比分析,总结出北京地区历年来夏季地表温度的空间分布格局及该格局随北京城市发展的变化规律,分析了研究成果的不足,提出了下一步要努力的方向。     

西藏雄村铜(金)矿地质灾害危险性综合分区评价

将勘探开发区划分为小区块评价单元,从地质灾害基础因子、响应因子、诱发因子分析入手,选定地形地貌、植被、岩性、地质构造及周边地震活动、地质灾害现状、预测地质灾害的危险性、人类工程活动为雄村铜(金)矿地质灾害综合分区定量评估因子,由此求得各区块的灾害因子综合量值.按危险性分区阀值将各评价区块最终归并为地质灾害危险性大、中等和小3个级别分区.     

GIS在四川城市环境地质调查评价中的应用

将GIS应用于四川城市环境地质调查评价,建立一套完整的标准,指导全省21城市的数据库建设工作。在数据库的基础上利用MAPGIS二次开发平台,集成四川城市环境地质问题调查评价信息系统,供地方政府和各级管理机构使用。     

北京地区泥石流灾害临界雨量阈值分析

对历史上北京市泥石流灾害发生时前3日的雨量、当日激发雨量和最大1小时雨量进行了分析,确定了临界雨量阚值。参照山洪灾害与降雨频率分析法,分3种方案对北京市的泥石流灾害与降雨频率进行分析,计算了各地区不同时段（最大10分钟、最大30分钟、最大60分钟、最大360分钟、最大24小时、最大3天及最大7天）的临界雨量;并利用历史上泥石流灾害发生时的雨量值对3种方案下的计算结果进行了验证和对比,最后确定了准确度较高的一种计算方案。     

冀东马兰峪背斜南翼与西部倾伏端盖层变形特征及其构造意义

燕山中部冀东遵化、迁西、青龙一带以太古宇深变质结晶岩系为核部的东西向构造形迹长期以来被认为是一个复式背斜构造,近年来又有学者提出它是一个中生代变质核杂岩。这2种不同认识涉及到华北克拉通北部中生代区域大地构造演化和稳定克拉通内部大型基底结晶岩系的剥露机制问题。对马兰峪背斜南翼和西部倾伏端盖层岩系开展的详细构造研究表明,变形总体表现为连续的褶皱变形及伴生的逆冲构造;构造样式表现为基底卷入式的厚皮构造与盖层内部软弱岩系控制的薄皮构造共存的特征;变形机制表现为顺层挤压导致的纵弯弯曲和相关的断裂构造;近南北向的缩短率介于16%～27%之间。盖层岩系中未发现变质核杂岩构造模型所预期的系列高角度正断层。基底与盖层不整合面接触带尽管在后期构造变形过程中曾经发生过局部的差异性滑动,但并不是造成大规模构造剥蚀和地壳柱切失的剥离断层。因此,冀东马兰峪背斜不是中生代的变质核杂岩,而是水平挤压背景下基底结晶岩系与盖层共同卷入纵弯褶皱变形的厚皮式褶皱构造。