波阻抗反演正则参数估计

为了解决用正则化方法能够将波阻抗反演的病态问题转为良态问题,通过统计方法合理地选择正则参数的初值,在反演过程中用极大似然（ML）方法实时进行正则参数值估计,提高反演收敛速度,改善反演结果。同时,在具体反演中将正则化方法与快速模拟退火算法相结合,充分发挥正则参数作用,可以获得全局最优解,取得了好的实际应用效果。     

磁尾通量绳结构中由压强损失导致的核心场增强

与亚暴活动密切相关的磁尾等离子体团可以具有不同的拓扑位形,多数磁尾等离子体团具有 强核心场,是一种通量绳型磁结构. MHD模拟表明：地球磁尾不同拓扑位形磁结构的形成, 与越尾分量By的分布形态有关. 但是模拟研究所展示的通量绳结构,核心场强度远低 于尾瓣区磁场强度. 本文考虑磁尾通量绳结构中,螺旋形磁力线向侧翼伸展产生的压强损失 ,在MHD方程中引入修正项ρt|loss,Tt|loss 及Byt|inc. 对于 初始By分量为均匀分布,受晨昏电场产生的边界入流作用,磁尾通量绳结构重复形成 与逐一排放的两个算例,计入修正项后,多重磁结构峰值压强的平均值降低,核心场的平均 值明显增大. 两个算例中,背景By值较低的算例1（By0=1nT）中,核心 场的相对增幅较大.     

西藏罗布莎蛇绿岩铬铁矿中金刚石的研究

在西藏罗布莎豆荚状铬铁矿中发现过金刚石,但迄今仍有人因为自己所取的小试样中没有分离出金刚石而否定罗布莎等地金刚石的存在。由于金刚石涉及西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合线和蛇绿岩、铬铁矿成因等问题,笔者重新在罗布莎铬铁矿中取样,经过选矿,又在1500kg样品中选出了25粒金刚石和近70种伴生矿物。这就表明西藏金刚石是的确存在的,而且它和蛇绿岩的铬铁矿同是深部成因的产物。     

Assessing and regulating the impacts of climate change on water resources in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China

Climate change can cause considerable changes in water resources and assessing the potential impacts can provide important information for regional sustainable development. The objectives were to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change during 2010-2039 on water resources (runoff, soil water content, and evapotranspiration) in the Heihe watershed on the Loess Plateau of China and to further explore adaptive measures to cope with the changes. Projections of four climate models (CCSR/NIES, CGCM2, CSIRO...     

太平洋中国开辟区锰结核生物成因研究

本文对叠层石（微小叠层石与奇异叠层石）及其建造者（中华微放线菌与太平洋螺球孢菌）在结核中显示的规律性特征,叠层石纹层与超微生物生长,主要锰矿物及Fe、Mn元素与叠层石类型之间关系以及超微生物直接成矿等作了深入研究。结果表明：锰结核中叠层石柱体一般都显示出纹层、纹层组与纹层带3个级别的生长韵律,明层菌丝体密集,暗层菌丝体稀疏;两种叠层石类型与超微生物化石种存在着良好的对应关系;主要锰矿物含量变化与叠层石类型密切相关;叠层石柱体内Fe、Mn元素分布比柱间空隙具有明显的规律性,而全球性大气化程度比生殖菌丝强;超微生物的生化作用与沉积粘附作用直接造成了结核中Fe、Mn元素的富集,而全球性大气修与洋底微环境的周期性变化,影响了微生物生长的兴衰,导致了明暗相间纹层的交替出现。我们认为,叠层石纹层显示的韵律性特征,是胶体化学作用与沉积作用难以形成的,只有微生物群体的世代繁衍,才能构筑成几乎固定不变的叠层石柱体形态。上述研究成果,进一步确立了大洋锰结核的生物成因观点。     

富钴结壳中有机碳同位素组成特征及其古海洋意义

富钴结壳组成与生长环境之间的关系研究对这种未来资源的准确评价和合理利用有重要意义 .研究了中太平洋海山区富钴结壳中有机碳同位素组成 ,探讨了它们的来源和古海洋的指示意义 .研究结果表明 ,δ13 Corg值位于 - 2 1.86× 10 -3 ～- 2 3.99× 10 -3 之间 ,表明它们来源于海洋表层浮游生物 .富钴结壳中有机物质的碳同位素组成的波动响应海洋环境和全球气候的变化 ,可以指示古海洋 .     

双谱拾取时差参数场

研究Siliqi和Meur等提出的高密度拾取均方根速度和非椭圆率参数η的方法。导出了以最大偏移距对应的剩余时差dtn和零偏移距时间τ0为变量的时移双曲线方程,采用相似度扫描拾取dtn以及τ0,然后再把它们换算成均方根速度和非椭圆率参数。在理论数据处理过程中,发现时移双曲线扫描的精度比非双曲线方法有了一定的提高,特别是η值的误差减小了很多,这说明时移双曲线扫描的优越性。     

航空摄影区域可视化软件的设计与实现

介绍了航空摄影区域可视化的设计与实现过程，解决了摄影区域内航片预览、航线划分及有关信息查询等软件的实际问题。实现过程采用了高级软件编程平台VC 6.0及可视化技术，经实用测试达到了设计目标。文中重点陈述了软件的实现步骤、关键技术及特殊情况的解决方案。     

Sedimentary Characteristics of the Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin

The rupture of the lithosphere in Late Jurassic brought about the eruption of basaltic magma in the Songliao Basin. The evolution of the basin in Cretaceous progressed through six stages: pre-rift doming, extensional fracturing, fault subsidence, fault downwarping, downwarping and shringkage, resulting in the deposition of terrstrial facies nearly 10,000 m thick. There are different depositional sequences in these stages: the depositional period of the Early Cretaceous Shahezi and Yincheng Formations is the development stage of the down-faulted basin, forming a volcanic rock-alluvial fan-fan delta-lacustrine (intercalated with episodic turbidites)-swamp facies sequences; the period of the Early Cretaceous Dengluku Formation is the transformation stage of fault subsidence into fault downwarping of the basin, forming a sequence mainly of alluvial plain-lacustrine facies; the depositional period of the Early Cretaceous Quantou Formation-Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation is the downwarping stage of the basin, forming an alluvial plain-delta-lacustrine facies sequence; the period of the Late Cretaceous Sifangtai Formation-Mingshui Formation is the shringkage stage of the basin, forming again a sequence mainly of alluvial plain-alluvial fan and small relict lacustrine facies. These vertical depositional sequences fully display the sedimentary characteristics of a failed continental rift basin. Many facts indicate that the two large-scale lake invasions, synchronous with the global rise of sea level, which took place in the downwarping stage of the basin development, led to the connection between the lake and sea.     

Seawater Intrusion in the Longkou-Laizhou Area, Shandong

The extensive intrusion (covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km~2 and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain), the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district.