云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩的源区成分模拟

本文在总结云南老王寨金矿区煌斑岩的主要元素、过渡元素、亲石元素、稀土元素和同位素地球化学特征的基础上．利用岩石学混合计算方法对其源区成分进行了模拟，进而讨论了矿区这类岩石的成因。地球化学和模拟计算均表明，老王寨金矿区煌斑岩来源于交代富集地幔，板块俯冲（印度板块向欧亚板块俯冲）富含ALK、LREE及不相容元素的海底沉积物被带入地幔脱水形成的流体是引起本区地幔交代作用的主要因素。     

层状云的雨滴谱分档数值模拟研究

通过建立雨滴分档模式,结合部分观测资料,对中国北方常见的三类典型层状云系:强锋面抬升层状云系、气旋尺度辐合层状云系及弱锋面抬升层状云系的云中水成物总比含水量、降水强度及地面雨滴谱进行了数值模拟,并与观测值进行了比较分析。结果表明,雨滴分档模式较一般使用的单参数Marshall-Palmer（M-P）分布的参数化模式更能反映雨滴的自然演变特征。     

淮河流域2007年雨季环流、影响系统及天气特征分析

利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象资料分析淮河流域2007年雨季洪水期间大气环流及影响系统的时空分布,对雨季偏长及致洪暴雨气象成因进行了探讨.结果发现淮河流域雨季偏长与西太平洋副热带高压(副高)伸入大陆稳定脊线位置以及中高纬度建立稳定的阻塞高压有密切的关系;出现的持续性暴雨都与中纬度附近稳定的横槽或低压带有关;暴雨都是多个影响系统叠加的结果,与它们的位置有一定的对应关系.影响系统主要有低层切变线、西南涡和急流.2007年淮河雨季期间来自西北太平洋副热带高压西侧的东南气流和来自孟加拉湾的西南气流对淮河流域降水区水汽的输送起主要作用;低层辐合、高层辐散增强了上升运动,为持续强降雨提供了动力条件,并触发能量的释放.     

Roles of Mesoscale Terrain and Latent Heat Release in Typhoon Precipitation： A Numerical Case Study

The mesoscale orographic effects on typhoon Aere＇s precipitation are simulated using an Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model （AREM） version 3.0. In particular, the effects of the latent heat release are studied by two comparable experiments： with and without condensational heating. The results show that the typhoon rainfall is tripled by the southeastern China mesoscale terrain, and the condensational heating is responsible for at least half of the increase. One role of the latent heat release is to warm the atmosphere, leading to a depression of the surface pressure, which then causes a larger pressure difference in the zonal direction. This pressure gradient guides the water vapour to flow into the foothills, which in turn amplifies the water vapour flux divergence amplified, causing the typhoon rainfall to increase eventually. The other role of the latent heat release is to make the convection more organized, resulting in a relatively smaller rain area and stronger precipitation.     

Inhomogeneous features in mel-yu frontal cloud system

The structure of radar echo in stratiform cloud which was found in mei-yu frontal cloud system is generally inhomogeneous, especially in the structure of bright band echoes. The inhomogeneous structure of warm region in stratiform cloud and the shower feature of precipitation are closely related to the inhomogeneous structure of bright band and convective cells embedded in stratiform cloud.During Summer time the mei-yu cloud system is an important precipitating system in the southern part of China. To study its structure is of great significance for weather forecast and understanding the physical processes of cloud and precipitation. Therefore, we have observed mei-yu frontal cloud system by use of 711 type radar (3 cm) and airplane at Tunxi, Anhui Province since 1979. It was found that the structure of stratiform cloud, especially the structure of its warm region appears to be inhomogeneous1),2). This is a significant feature of cloud structure in mei-yu frontal cloud system. In this paper, we shall further analyse this inhomogeneous structure of stratiform cloud and study its effect on the precipitation.     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of the SST Anomalies in the Tropical Western Pacific on the Blocking Highs over the Northeastern Asia

The effects of the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are simulated by the IAP-GCM with an observed and idealized distributions of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific,respectively.Firstly,the atmospheric circulation anomalies during July and August,1980 are simulated by three anomalous experiments including the global SST anomaly experiment,the tropical SST anomaly experiment and the extratropical SST anomaly experiment,using the observed SST anomalies in 1980.It is shown that the SST anomalies in the tropical ocean greatly influence the formation and maintenance of the blocking high over the northeastern Asia,and may play a more important role than the SST anomalies in the extratropical ocean in the influence on the atmospheric circulation anomalies.Secondly,the effects of the SST anomalies in the tropical western Pacific on the atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia are also simulated w     

基于51单片机的气象数据无线传输系统的设计开发

针对自动气象站探测数据短距离无线传输的需要,设计了一套气象数据无线传输系统。系统由发送器、接收器组成,基于51单片机和NRF905无线射频控制芯片开发。该系统对不同型号自动气象站具有良好的自适应能力。实现了气象数据的无线传输、显示和存储。经测试系统在环境适应性和传输能力方面均达到了设计要求,系统运行稳定、可靠。本文从工作原理,系统构成,硬件设计、单片机程序设计及系统测试几个方面对传输器开发方法进行了详细介绍。     

上海热浪与健康监测预警系统

用1989～1998年上海逐日4次气象观测资料,应用美国特拉华大学的SSC天气分类方法确定逐日天气类型,形成了10年逐日天气类型日历。并通过天气类型与死亡率的对比分析,确定MT+类型是上海地区形成热浪的“侵人型”气团,是具有最高死亡率的天气类型。采用逐步回归方法建立了MT+类型下因受热浪侵袭而超正常死亡数的回归方程。在此基础上建立了上海热浪与健康监测预警系统。通过1999年气象和死亡实况资料检验,系统对热浪及因此引起的死亡具有较好的监测和预警效果。     

一次梅雨暴雨过程的数值模拟

利用中尺度10层湿模式对一次梅雨暴雨过程作了数值模拟,较好地模拟了次天气或中间尺度系统的演变。由模拟结果分析表明: 1.形成暴雨的次天气或中间尺度系统的演变,雨带、暴雨中心位置和强度变化在低层涡度场上反映最清晰。与暴雨中心直接关联的是低层正涡度中心。这次过程中,两次正涡度中心的东移形成了前、后两次降水。 2.当低层正涡度中心移近或叠置在高层负涡度中心之下时,其强度增强,中层上升运动与暴雨也加强。它们是流场上高、低空急流之间动力耦合作用的结果。 3.雨区上空,边界层顶附近存在着一个主要表现为湿度逆增的湿暖盖——θ_(?e)高值中心。它与强风暴中的暖盖不同。此湿暖盖的形成和维持与西南急流输送暖湿气流有关。它的存在不仅有利于暴雨区水汽和能量的辐合,还有利于积云尺度对流的不断诱发,而且它的存在更构成了中层为不稳定,低层为稳定这一对流层的层结结构特点,从而使不稳定的对流降水叠加在稳定性降水之上,构成了梅雨锋大暴雨。     

MICAPS4服务端系统架构设计

MICAPS4体系采用客户端/服务器的系统架构,其中服务端系统是MICAPS4的重要部分,利用分布式存储与分布式计算技术,构建可容纳102 TB量级的气象实时数据,千万数据总量,面向数百并发用户的服务器集群系统。MICAPS4服务端系统在国内率先实现全部气象实时数据由文件到数据库、从集中式系统到分布式系统的迁移,该系统自2015年起在全国推广使用。在海量气象数据和大量用户并发访问的环境下,表现出很高的稳定性和优越的读写性能,同时具有便捷的扩展性和可维护性。MICAPS4服务端系统分为分布式存储系统、分布式前处理系统、站点实况轮询系统、查询服务器系统和监控系统5个子系统,分布式存储子系统为MICAPS4客户端提供了近实时数据的高速随机与顺序读取服务,分布式前处理系统利用对等分布式架构实现了海量气象实时数据的流式计算,站点实况轮询系统实现了跨系统的实况数据异构副本的同步功能,查询服务器系统利用多线程服务器技术实现了MICAPS4客户端的实时计算请求,监控系统利用部署于每个节点的探针实现监控信息的主动上报。