The CNSDTF topological vector model and structure

Geo-Spatial Data Transfer Standard is an important part of "National Spatial Data Infrastructure(NSDI)" ,as well as a necessary means for data sharing. "Chinese National Geo-Spatial Data Transfer Format (CNSDTF)" was approved by National Quality Technology Supervise Bureau in 1999 with the standard serial number of 17798-1999. It is designed to support vector and raster spatial data. This paper describes the vector part of CNSDTF, including design ideas, main characters, conceptual model, definition of spatial object, and file structure.     

Study on Sampling Rule and Simplification of LiDAR Point Cloud Based on Terrain Complexity

It is difficult to obtain digital elevation model (DEM) in the mountainous regions. As an emerging technology, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is an enabling technology. However, the amount of points obtained by LiDAR is huge. When processing LiDAR point cloud, huge data will lead to a rapid decline in data processing speed, so it is necessary to thin LiDAR point cloud. In this paper, a new terrain sampling rule had been built based on the integrated terrain complexity, and then based on the rule a LiDAR point cloud simplification method, which was referred as to TCthin, had been proposed. The TCthin method was evaluated by experiments in which XUthin and Lasthin were selected as the TCthin’s comparative methods. The TCthin’s simplification degree was estimated by the simplification rate value, and the TCthin’s simplification quality was evaluated by Root Mean Square Deviation. The experimental results show that the TCthin method can thin LiDAR point cloud effectively and improve the simplification quality, and at 5 m, 10 m, 30 m scale levels, the TCthin method has a good applicability in the areas with different terrain complexity. This study has theoretical and practical value in sampling theory, thinning LiDAR point cloud, building high-precision DEM and so on.     

用CC的方法分析和解决一个常见的网络安全问题

CC导出PP的过程是一种安全评估通用语言到某类产品的具体应用过程,需要经过需求分析、得出安全目的、提出安全功能要求与安全保证要求等几个阶段。本文利用这些过程的基本方法和思想全面分析一个常见的网络安全问题,并按照保护轮廓的模式给出该网络的安全要求。     

我国资源与环境信息系统发展管见

我国的资源与环境信息系统(ERIS)技术,起步较晚,发展迅速,已跻身国际先进行列。在基础研究、应用实验以及同遥感技术的结合方面,进行了成功的探索和开拓,并具有中国特色。通过“七五”科技攻关,在信息与信息系统的规范化、标准化方面,建立不同层次和应用目标的区域信息系统的技术、方法,研制和开发地理信息系统软件、应用分析模型,以及在理论总结方面,取得了丰硕的成果和技术进步,成为一个独立发展的新的前沿领域。90年代,它同航天遥感技术密切结合,共同发展,迎接国民经济和社会发展中重大资源环境急务和全球变化的挑战。在资源与环境动态监测与趋势预报,重大自然灾害监测与预警以及灾情评估与减灾对策,城市、经济开发区的规划、开发与管理,全球环境变化等方面,发挥科学技术的先导作用。同时,继续加强新技术跟踪和空间信息科学的理论研究,在国家规范、标准的制定,业务系统的建立与实用化,信息共享与网络化,模型、专家系统及软件的开发与商品化,同遥感信息工程的结合使其一体化等方面,仍需深入探索,继续攻坚,以期形成完整的理论和技术体系。     

微波兰被动遥感相关特性的数值模拟和实验对比

本文采用一层具有粗糙界面的连续随机介质模型，计算双站散射系数和后向散射系数，由互易性定理计算热发射率。数值模拟了植被在整个生长过程中后向散射和热发射的变化，以及它们的相关特征。理论结果与几种植被的主被动遥感实验数据作了比较和讨论，阐明了微波主被动遥感的一些相关的数值特征。     

空间后交的一种新算法

根据矩阵理论,推导了空间后交的一种新算法.这种方法简单易行,无需线性化,其计算结果、精度与传统方法一致.     

Response of GPS occultation signals to atmospheric gravity waves and retrieval of gravity wave parameters

We show that the amplitude of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals in the radio occultation (RO) experiments is an indicator of the activity of the gravity waves (GW) in the atmosphere. The amplitude of the GPS RO signals is more sensitive to the atmospheric wave structures than is the phase. Early investigations used only the phase of the GPS occultation signals for statistical investigation of the GW activity in the height interval 10–40 km on a global scale. In this study, we use the polarization equations and Hilbert transform to find the 1-D GW radio image in the atmosphere by analyzing the amplitude of the RO signal. The radio image, also called the GW portrait, consists of the phase and amplitude of the GW as functions of height. We demonstrate the potential of this method using the amplitude data from GPS/Meteorology (GPS/MET) and satellite mission Challenge Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) RO events. The GW activity is nonuniformly distributed with the main contribution associated with the tropopause and the secondary maximums related to the GW breaking regions. Using our method we find the vertical profiles of the horizontal wind perturbations and its vertical gradient associated with the GW influence. The estimated values of the horizontal wind perturbations are in fairly good agreement with radiosonde data. The horizontal wind perturbations v(h) are ±1 to ±5 m s with vertical gradients dv/dh ±0.5 to ±15 m s km at height 10–40 km. The height dependence of the GW vertical wavelength was inferred through the differentiation of the GW phase. Analysis of this dependence using the dispersion relationship for the GW gives the estimation of the projection of the horizontal background wind velocity on the direction of the GW propagation. For the event considered, the magnitude of this projection changes between 1.5 and 10 m s at heights of 10–40 km. We conclude that the amplitude of the GPS occultation signals contain important information about the wave processes in the atmosphere on a global scale.     

福州市温泉区地面沉降监测与沉降规律分析

应用精密水准测量方法，于１９９３年在温泉区取得三个周期的观测成果，结合以往资料进行综合分析，得出初步结论。并为福州市地下热水开采的控制、预防及减轻因沉降产生的地灾害方面提出有益的建议。     

不规则水体断面面积及体积的计算-兼论多面函数内插模型的精度

本文以吕言的三次曲面函数内插模型为基础 ^[1] ,推出一套计算不规则水体断面面积及其体积的封闭公式,并用实例加以验证。最后从另一侧面探讨了多面函数模型的内插精度问题。本文得到的公式同样适用于工程上的土方量及断面面积的计算。     

FY-3D and FY-3C onboard observations for differential code biases estimation

GPS Solutions - As parameter estimation and statistical testing are often intimately linked in the processing of observational data, the uncertainties involved in both estimation and testing need...