New Methods of Fitting the Membership Function of Oceanic Water Masses

1　Introduction　Watermassanalysisisanimportantsubjectinphys icaloceanographystudies (PickardandEmery ,1 990 ;YeandLi,1 992 ) .Helland Hansenplottedin 1 91 6theT Scurve ,whichisafterwardsknownasoneoftheT Sdiagrams ,andsuggestedthatawatermasscanbedefinedby…     

新型城镇化的人地耦合异速增长分析方法

在新型城镇化背景下的城市人口规模与用地面积变化具有复杂性,研究两种要素城镇化水平的相对增长关系,有助于探索人地耦合发展的协同态势及变化动因。本文选取广州市2000—2015年的Landsat时序影像与2000、2010和2015年的人口普查与年鉴数据,在街道（乡镇）尺度上计算人口土地城镇化耦合指数识别4种耦合类型,并在此基础上提出年均增长率异速关系拟合方法。研究结果表明：① 2000—2015年广州市街道（乡镇）人口和土地城镇化呈现明显的圈层结构（核心、内、外圈层）特征,4种人地耦合类型的异速增长分别呈现正异速、负异速、负幂律3种形式,证明人地耦合分类的异速增长建模方法有助于分析人地城镇化的动态演化过程;② 基于人地耦合指数的异速标度分析表明,核心圈层—内圈层—外圈层结构上分别形成了高度集约—集约—相对粗放式扩张的发展格局,结合城市更新改造的空间分析,说明这一特色新型城镇化模式在广州具有一定成效,已初步形成了核心圈层与内圈层协同发展的态势,但需要注意防控外圈层的粗放型增长。研究结果可为新型城镇化理论内涵的认知探索和广州市案例的实证研究提供支持。     

Equal strain consolidation for stone columns reinforced foundation

Column consolidation and deformation are considered by assuming that the quantity of water flowing through the disturbed soil zone into the column is not equal to that flowing out from the column and the difference between them is equal to the volume change of the column. In addition, three patterns of distribution of the horizontal permeability of soil in the disturbed zone are also considered to account for the disturbance effect of columns construction on the surrounding soil. These three patterns include the constant distribution pattern (Pattern I), the linear distribution pattern (Pattern II) and the parabolic distribution pattern (Pattern III). By incorporating the aforementioned characteristics into the analyses, the governing equations containing two variables (i.e. the average excess pore-water pressures within the column and within the entire foundation at any depth) for the consolidation of a composite foundation are derived. The solutions of the governing equations are then obtained using a new initial condition derived from the assumption of equal strain and the equilibrium condition. On the basis of the solutions for excess pore-water pressures, the average degree of consolidation of a composite foundation is obtained and discussed. Finally, a comparison is made of some available solutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A numerical study on the effects of wave–current–surge interactions on the height and propagation of sea surface waves in Charleston Harbor during Hurricane Hugo 1989

The effects of wave–current interactions on ocean surface waves induced by Hurricane Hugo in and around the Charleston Harbor and its adjacent coastal waters are examined by using a three-dimensional (3D) wave–current coupled modeling system. The 3D storm surge modeling component of the coupled system is based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), the wave modeling component is based on the third generation wave model, Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN), and the inundation model is adopted from [Xie, L., Pietrafesa, L. J., Peng, M., 2004. Incorporation of a mass-conserving inundation scheme into a three-dimensional storm surge model. J. Coastal Res., 20, 1209–1223]. The results indicate that the change of water level associated with the storm surge is the primary cause for wave height changes due to wave–surge interaction. Meanwhile, waves propagating on top of surge cause a feedback effect on the surge height by modulating the surface wind stress and bottom stress. This effect is significant in shallow coastal waters, but relatively small in offshore deep waters. The influence of wave–current interaction on wave propagation is relatively insignificant, since waves generally propagate in the direction of the surface currents driven by winds. Wave–current interactions also affect the surface waves as a result of inundation and drying induced by the storm. Waves break as waters retreat in regions of drying, whereas waves are generated in flooded regions where no waves would have occurred without the flood water.     

Tropical instability wave interactions within the Galápagos Archipelago

The effects of tropical instability waves (TIW) within the eastern equatorial Pacific during the boreal fall of 2005 were observed in multiple data sets. The TIW cause oscillations of the sea surface temperature (SST), meridional currents (V), and 20 °C isotherm (thermocline). A particularly strong 3-wave packet of ～15-day period TIW passed through the Galápagos Archipelago in Sep and Oct 2005 and their effects were recorded by moored near-surface sensors. Repeat Argo profiles in the archipelago showed that the large temperature (>5 °C) oscillations that occurred were associated with a vertical adjustment within the water column. Numerical simulations report strong oscillations and upwelling magnitudes of ～5.0 m d^?1 near the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy at 0°, 95°W and in the Archipelago at 92°W and 90°W. A significant biological response to the TIW passage was observed within the archipelago. Chlorophyll a measured by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) increased by >30% above 1998–2007 mean concentrations within the central archipelago. The increases coincide with coldest temperatures and the much larger increases within the archipelago as compared to those of 95°W indicate that TIW induced upwelling over the island platform itself brought more iron-enriched upwelling waters into the euphotic zone.     

基于Android平台的葡萄园精准管理移动GIS系统研究

面向葡萄园移动信息采集和管理的需求,设计了基于移动终端的葡萄园信息管理系统,并在Android平台下开发实现了一个基于移动GIS技术的葡萄园信息管理系统。该葡萄园移动信息管理系统除基本的GIS地图功能外,能够采集和实时回传农田基础信息,远程控制葡萄园滴灌设备,并结合平板电脑的摄像头实现远程实时视频诊断。经过在宁夏回族自治区青铜峡市甘城子乡的葡萄园的应用试验证明,该系统能提高农业信息化水平,为葡萄生产提供定位定量的空间信息服务。     

铜锡复合成矿研究进展与展望

铜与锡具有不同的地球化学性质,然而铜锡共生或复合成矿现象在世界主要铜、锡成矿带中比较常见,如中国的右江、南岭(湘南)、大兴安岭南段(内蒙东部)、葡萄牙伊比利亚、秘鲁安第斯、英格兰德文郡、德国厄尔士山、日本西南、俄罗斯远东、加拿大新不伦瑞克等成矿带均为铜锡复合矿床的集中产区。铜锡复合矿床主要为岩浆热液矿床,以矽卡岩型、脉状矿床为主,兼有火山热液沉积型、斑岩型及云英岩型等。铜矿体的主要矿石矿物为黄铜矿,兼有斑铜矿、黝铜矿、辉铜矿等;锡矿体的主要矿石矿物为锡石,兼有黝锡矿。铜锡复合矿床的成矿物质来源(尤其是铜、锡成矿元素的来源是否具有一致性)尚有不少争议,锡普遍被认为是岩浆来源,而铜的来源具有多样性。成矿流体演化过程中的氧化还原环境的改变及流体的混合是导致铜锡复合成矿的主要原因。目前对于铜锡复合成矿的研究,主要是从矿床的年代学、单矿物(黄铜矿、锡石)微量元素及传统同位素地球化学、流体包裹体等方面入手,但对厘定铜锡复合成矿过程的作用有限。铜锡复合矿床的成因及勘查模型的建立具有重要的理论价值及现实意义。本文提出未来研究可以从多种非传统稳定同位素(例如Cu、Sn、W、Zn同位素)的联合示踪探索、成...     

基于海温异常的南海夏季风爆发的可预报性分析

定义了综合评估南海地区大气对海温异常等外强迫响应的指数,并以此作为中间变量提出了利用前期海温异常预报南海夏季风爆发早晚的方法,进一步分析了基于海温异常的南海夏季风爆发的可预报性。分析表明:基于前期海温的异常,对于以日为单位预报对象的定量的南海夏季风爆发日期来说,基本没有可预报性;而对于定性的南海夏季风爆发早晚的预测,则可预报性大为提高。其预报时效可以提前至前期秋季的11月份。     

太平洋潜热通量及其与黄淮夏季降水的关系

研究了1979—2010年太平洋潜热通量的变化特征及其与中国黄淮夏季降水的关系。结果表明,潜热通量的气候场和方差场均存在着明显的季节变化,且各季节气候场的极值中心也是变化幅度较大的区域。黄淮地区降水与前期春季的潜热场相关性最好。定义了黄淮夏季降水指数来研究影响降水的潜热场关键区,发现春季潜热关键区为10°~20°N之间的中东太平洋和热带东太平洋沿岸海区。春季当上述两个海区净潜热通量增多时,后期夏季500hPa和850hPa位势高度异常场中,在太平洋西海岸-阿拉斯加南部一线上均表现为"正—负—正"的分布型,黄淮降水偏多。     

雷达雨量计联合估算降水在城市内涝模型中的应用

为了满足城市暴雨内涝模型对面雨量精细化的需求,在天津城市暴雨内涝模型的基础上,将雷达估算降水产品应用到模型面雨量计算中,针对2012年7月25—26日天津的大暴雨过程,考察4种雷达估算降水产品和两种插值方法计算的内涝模型面雨量。经过对比发现,利用变分方法计算的雷达估算降水产品VAR用曲面插值方法计算内涝模型的面雨量整体效果最好。