Conductivity of NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25–500 °C

NaCI-H₂O is the most fundamental ternary system in geology. Until now, the measurements of electrical conductivity of NaCl solutions are still little at high pressures (> O.5 GPa) We measured the conductivity of 0.01 m NaCl solution at 0.4–5.0 GPa and 25-500°C. The results are consistent with that of Quist and Marshall (1968) at 0.4 GPa. The conductivity of NaCl solution increases with increasing temperature. The results also show that the conductivity of NaCl solution changes little with increasing pressure below 1.5 GPa and changes rapidly with increasing pressure above 1.5 GPa. The rapid increase of the conductivity of NaCl solution may play an important role in many geological processes (such as the genesis of ore deposits under hydrothermal condition) and other fields. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Properties of wave velocity for two types of granitoids at high pressure and temperature and their geological meaning

The wave velocity for two types of granitoids was measured using the analytic method of full-wave vibration at high pressure and high temperature. The laws of velocity changes for them differ with the pressure boost and temperature rise, and the velocity change of S-type is more violent than that of I-type. The “softening point” of compressional wave velocity (V μ) is also revealed during the measurement for two types of granitoids imitating the pressure and temperature at a certain depth. But the depth of “softening”, V_p after “softening” and the percentage of V_p’s drop around the “sofrening point” for two types of granitoids are obviously different. The depth of “softening” is 15 km approximately and V_p after “softening” is 5.62 km/s for S-type granitoid. But for I-type granitoid the depth of “softening” is 26 km approximately and V_p after “softening” is 6. 08 km/s. Through careful analysis of rock slices after the experiment, it was found that the “softening” of elastic-wave velocity is caused by the partial melting of granite. Combined with the results of geophysical prospecting, these results suggest that the low-velocity layers developing in the interior of Earth crust are related to thc partial melting of different types of granitoids. The formation of the low-velocity layer in the upper-middle Earth crust is closely related to the development of S-type granitoid, but that in the lower Earth crust is closely related to the development of I-type granitoid.     

蚀变岩中物质迁移的定量计算：以锡矿山锑矿床为例

本文提出了确定沉积岩蚀变作用过程中的不活动组分的方法，并以锡矿山锑矿床为例，定量计算了蚀变岩中各组分的带入带出量，研究表明：锡矿山锑矿硅化过程中ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３为不活动组；ＳｉＯ２，Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｎａ２Ｏ及锑，硫，坤，汞，铅和钡为带入组分；而ＣａＯ，ＭｇＯ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，ＭｎＯ及铜，锌为带出组分，锑，钡，硫，ＳｉＯ２和ＣａＯ有较大的带进或带出量，锡矿山锑矿床矿石矿物为单一辉锑矿可能是由于矿液中缺少其它     

面向未来的海面变化研究

长期以来以地质时期海面变化过程等理论性研究为主要方向的海面变化研究经过７０年代在观念、方法和资料积累方面的突破，自８０年代初期以来进入了以“面向未来”为基调的成熟发展的新阶段，出现了一大批关于未来海面变化幅度及其影响和对策的研究成果，形成了较为完整的研究体系。９０年代初以来的几年间，世界海面研究的活跃领域是地质历史时期（例如ＬＧＭ，５ｅ等阶段）的海面实况、极地冰原对气候变化的反应、海面控制原理、海面模型以及绝对海面的航天测量技术与应用等方面。这一情况在一定程度上体现了“预测热”之后的“冷思考”。中国海面变化研究近年来取得了令世人瞩目的迅速发展，今后应注意引进先进技术方法，加强学科间的交叉合作，发掘自身的优势，向纵深发展     

硅酸盐样品微波加热碱熔分解方法

本文研究了硅酸盐样品在常压下，用微波炉进行碱熔分解的熔样时间，试剂用量和滴加水量等情况对分解的影响，确定了最佳实验条件，将此法用于地球化学标准参考样品ＳｉＯ２的测定，取得了满意的结果。     

地震波形与爆破波形的比较

对爆破进行识别,以便区别于地震,避免把爆破当成地震用于日常地震分析预测工作.根据爆破的特征及实地调查,排除了成都市境内出现的微震活动条带是地震异常的可能性.     

城市防震减灾能力评估研究

城市防震减灾能力本身是一个涉及因素众多的复杂体系，对它的评估也是涉及到地震科学、社会科学和经济科学的交叉学科问题. 本文首先提出了城市防震减灾能力的概念，把人员伤亡、经济损失和震后恢复时间等3个方面作为衡量城市防震减灾能力的准则；围绕这3个准则，从影响城市防震减灾能力的众多复杂因素中抽取出六大因素，并用一些简单、可测量的指标来代表这六大因素，建立起城市防震减灾能力指标体系；然后建立起指标体系与上述3个方面评价准则¾人员伤亡、经济损失和恢复时间的联系；最后，用灰色关联分析方法将3个评价准则综合成一个防震减灾能力指数.从而为城市防震减灾能力评估提供了一个较系统、完整的理论体系框架. 理论体系的建立能够在绝对上、定量上评价城市的防震减灾能力，从而指导城市进行防震减灾决策.      

江苏及南黄海地区历史地震类型分布特征

通过对江苏地区及南黄海海域历史地震资料特点分析，将研究区历史地震类型分为相对安全类和相对危险类，并对地震类型的统计结果、地理分布特征及构造进行探讨. 结果表明:① 江苏及南黄海地区绝大多数中强以上历史地震类型为相对安全类，仅有13.8%的中强以上历史地震为相对危险类；② 江苏陆地、长江口以东海域和南黄海北部坳陷地区以相对安全类地震为主，苏中沿海南黄海海域地震类型分布较为复杂，相对安全类和相对危险类地震类型比例基本相当；③ 研究区历史地震类型统计结果和空间分布特征与现代地震序列类型实况非常吻合，反映本区地震活动具有继承性的特点.研究结果可以作为江苏省地震应急工作中震后早期趋势判定的参考依据.      

Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Over a Rough Surface

A family of wall models is proposed that exhibits moresatisfactory performance than previousmodels for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulentboundary layer over a rough surface.The time and horizontally averaged statistics such asmean vertical profiles of windvelocity, Reynolds stress, turbulent intensities, turbulentkinetic energy and alsospectra are compared with wind-tunnel experimental data.The purpose of the present study is to obtain simulatedturbulent flows that are comparable with wind-tunnelmeasurements for use as the wind environment for thenumerical prediction by LES of source dispersion in theneutral atmospheric boundary layer.     

破坏性地震应急预案管理子系统的开发构想

本文阐述了以地震应急指挥流程为框架并基于WEB的管理系统的实现方案 ,对管理系统的使用和维护提出了相关建议。