三门湾微型浮游生物丰度的时空变化特征

粒径小于20 μm的微型浮游生物能迅速响应海洋环境变化,因而在海洋环境监测中起着重要作用。本文应用流式细胞技术研究了三门湾表层与底层海水中微型浮游生物（包括细菌、聚球藻、微型真核生物以及病毒）丰度的时空分布特征,探讨了微型浮游生物丰度与水体理化因子之间的关系。结果表明,三门湾海域微型浮游生物丰度范围:细菌,6.98×105~9.84×106 cells/mL;聚球藻,1.10×103~3.71×104 cells/mL;微型真核生物,1.04×103~3.75×104 cells/mL;病毒,1.01×106~3.47×107 mL-1。夏、秋两季表层微型浮游生物丰度均高于底层;秋季细菌、聚球藻和病毒丰度低于夏季,但微型真核生物丰度高于夏季;温度是造成微型浮游生物丰度季节差异的主要因素。微型浮游生物丰度的水平分布在夏季无显著规律,但秋季表底层均由内湾向外湾递减。秋季,除底层的细菌外,微型浮游生物丰度水平分布与pH和盐度呈显著负相关,同时与亚硝氮、硝氮、铵氮、叶绿素a呈显著正相关。     

森林土壤碳、氮淋失过程及其形成机制研究进展

大气氮沉降对森林生态系统碳截存和损耗过程的影响已引起广泛关注, 但对沉降氮在森 林生态系统中的去向、增氮对土壤中碳/氮转化过程的影响以及土壤氮饱和前后土壤渗漏液中溶 解性有机碳(DOC) 和溶解性有机氮(DON) 动态等方面的研究还不够深入。本文论述了近年来国 内外在土壤氮饱和及土壤碳、氮淋溶领域的最新研究进展, 从系统论的角度阐述土壤氮饱和过程 及内涵; 通过论述DOC 和DON 含量及其结构组成变化来揭示其对增氮/氮沉降的内在响应机 理; 论述了增氮对土壤无机氮转化的影响以及生物和非生物因素对沉降氮固持的贡献。指出土壤 氮饱和为土壤中的有效氮随时间增加超过了土壤中生物和非生物的持留能力, 导致土壤氮的净 矿化、净硝化、NO₃^-流失以及土壤酸化等过程发生一系列非线性变化。初步认为土壤中DOC 和 DON 对增氮的不同响应归因于氮素饱和过程的三个不同阶段。对于特定的生态系统来说, 需要 清楚地认识土壤氮素矿化、硝化、反硝化和固持等过程, 才能明晰土壤氮素状态以及随时间的演 变。另外, 指出在上述三个研究领域中存在的问题, 并提出拟解决的途径以及未来的可能研究方 向, 以期对该领域的研究提供参考。     

海洋石油平台TMD振动控制及参数优化

研究了随机波浪载荷作用下调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）对桩基钢结构海洋平台的减振效果,采用谱分析法对ＴＭＤ参数进行优化,优化ＴＭＤ 使平台的位移响应标准偏差比无ＴＭＤ下降１２．４％ 。并研究了ＴＭＤ参数在优化域内的失调对响应的影响,ＴＭＤ刚度失调比阻尼失调要敏感,欠阻尼失调比过阻尼失调要敏感。从振害累积概念出发,对谐激励下ＳＤＯＦ－ ＴＭＤ的Ｒａｎｄａｌｌ参数优化方法提出了改进。     

纯方位目标跟踪-直角坐标卡尔曼滤波算法

对于纯方位目标跟踪问题 ,在利用卡尔曼滤波算法进行处理时 ,首先要进行观测方程及状态方程的线性化处理 ,自然导致线性化误差 ,为减少它对目标跟踪的影响 ,该文利用衰减记忆的卡尔曼滤波算法 ,通过蒙特卡罗模拟仿真实验表明其跟踪效果在收敛速度和收敛率以及稳定性等方面有了较大的提高。     

临朐县节约集约利用土地情况探讨

临朐县地处山东半岛中部,土地总面积18．31万hm2,辖8个建制镇、2个街道办事处、1个省级经济开发区,936个行政村,总人口85．2万人。全县共有耕地5．8万hm2,建设用地1．95万hm2,未利用土地2．6万hm2。近年来,临朐县积极贯彻落实科学发展观,合理利用土地,切实保护耕地,大力加强节约集约利用土地,促进了经济健康发展。     

Using incomplete modal data for damage detection in offshore jacket structures

The development of robust techniques for early damage detection for offshore structures is crucial to avoid the possible catastrophe caused by structural failures. This article applies the cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) method for damage detection that is capable of identifying the damage to individual members of offshore jacket platforms, when limited, spatially incomplete modal data is available. Basically, the CMCM method is classified as a direct, physical property adjustment model updating method. Implementing this method requires only a few modes measured from the damaged structure. In dealing with spatial incompleteness, this paper investigates both model reduction and modal expansion techniques. Specifically, either Guyan (static condensation) or SEREP (system equivalent reduction expansion process) transformation matrix, between the master and slave degrees-of-freedom, is employed in the model reduction or modal expansion process. One theoretical development is an iterative procedure to compute the transformation matrix associated with the (unknown) damaged structure. Numerical studies are conducted for a jacket platform with multiple damaged members based on synthetic data generated from finite-element models. The results suggest that (i) Guyan scheme always outperforms SEREP, (ii) model reduction is always better than modal expansion, and (iii) the CMCM method in conjunction with iterative Guyan reduction approach yields the best damage location and severity estimate.     

Numerical investigation of vortex-induced vibrations for flow past a circular cylinder

The objective of the present investigation is to study the vortex-induced vibrations （VIV） for flow past a circular cylinder. The turbulent flow is simulated by using a 2-D standard k-ε model incorporating the finite volume method （FVM） and the Semi-Implicit Method for the Pressure Linked Equations （SIMPLE） algorithm on non-orthogonal boundary-fitted collocated grids. The wall boundaries are approximated with wall functions. In the numerical cases, the turbulent wake patterns are studied by plotting the streamlines and the turbulent kinetic energy contours. The pressure distributions are investigated. Analyses of the vortex-induced force coefficients and the structural vibrations are carried out. The variations of the Strouhal number with the Reynolds number and of the vortex-induced force coefficients with the reduced velocity are obtained. The results show that this numerical approach is feasible and efficient in investigating the VIV problem for a circular cylinder.     

Scenario-based assessment of future food security

This paper presents a scenario-based assessment of global future food security. To do that, the socio-economic and climate change scenarios were defined for the future and were linked to an integrated modeling framework. The crop yields simulated by the GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model and crop areas simulated by the crop choice decision model were combined to calculate the total food production and per capita food availability, which was used to represent the status of food availability and stability. The per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) simulated by IFPSIM model was used to reflect the situation of food accessibility and affordability. Based on these two indicators, the future food security status was assessed at a global scale over a period of approximately 20 years, starting from the year 2000. The results show that certain regions such as South Asia and most African countries will likely remain hotspots of food insecurity in the future as both the per capita food availability and the capacity of being able to import food will decrease between 2000 and 2020. Low food production associated with poverty is the determining factor to starvation in these regions, and more efforts are needed to combat hunger in terms of future actions. Other regions such as China, most Eastern European countries and most South American countries where there is an increase in per capita food availability or an increase in the capacity to import food between 2000 and 2020 might be able to improve their food security situation.     

长江中游高位砾石层的磁性特征与物源分析

在长江中游分布着一些高位的砾石层,尤其是在宜昌与武汉的阳逻附近。为了探讨这些砾石层的磁性特征及物质来源,对它们进行了磁性特征研究,结果表明:1不同砾石层剖面磁性物质的含量明显不同,其中云池砾石层磁性物质的含量最高,善溪窑、红花套、白洋渡砾石层次之,阳逻砾石层含量最低。2SIRM/χ和F300值显示,长江中游砾石层磁性矿物类型主要是磁铁矿等亚铁磁性矿物,其中阳逻砾石层不完全反铁磁性矿物含量比例比其他砾石层高。3χARM/χ、χARM/SIRM、χfd值表明,白洋渡、红花套及善溪窑砾石层的磁性矿物中以较粗的磁性颗粒为主,而云池和李家院的磁性矿物颗粒都较细,武汉阳逻砾石层的磁性颗粒以单畴、超顺磁颗粒为主。4宜昌附近的善溪窑、云池、白洋渡、红花套砾石层的磁性特征与长江现代沉积物的特征接近,指示其物质主要来自于长江沉积物;而阳逻砾石层的磁性特征却与江汉平原周边河流的现代沉积物磁性特征有些类似,结合野外砾石层岩性特征,认为阳逻砾石层是长江、汉江与江汉平原周边河流共同作用的产物。     

A Holocene climatic record denoted by geochemical indicators from Barkol Lake in the northeastern Xinjiang,NW China

The Barkol Lake, as a closed inland lake, is located at the northeast Xinjiang in northwest China. A combination of geochemical indicators including δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C of carbonate, TOC, carbonate contents, as well as grain size proxies and magnetic susceptibility of sediments obtained from a newly recovered section at this lake, provides a high-resolution history of climatic change in the past 9400 years. Multi-indicators reflect that Holocene climatic change in the study region generally follows the Westerly Wind pattern of Holocene, and three climatic periods can be identified. Between 9400 and 7500 cal a B.P., climate was characterized by relatively drier and colder condition. From 7500 to 5800 cal a B.P., a relatively warmer and moister climate prevailed, but between 5800 and 3500 cal a B.P., climate shifted towards warmer and drier conditions. A relatively colder and wetter climate prevailed during 3500∼1000 cal a B.P., then it changed towards cold and dry between 1000 and 500 cal a B.P.; after 500 cal a B.P., climate changed towards warm and dry conditions again. This study reflects that during the Middle Holocene (from ca 7000 to 3500 cal a B.P.), variations of carbonate δ¹⁸O of sediments from several lakes in the northern Xinjiang were synchronous with that of Qinghai Lake, where was strongly influenced by the South Asian monsoon; however, after 3500 cal a B.P. this consistency was interrupted, possibly resulting from a re-domination of the Westerly Wind and the retreat of South Asian monsoon in the northern Xinjiang.