Wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar

This study gives an analytical solution for wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar based on linear potential theory. The whole study domain is divided into multiple sub-regions in relation to the structures. The velocity potential in each sub-region is written as a series solution by the separation of variables. A partially reflecting boundary condition is used to describe the partial reflection of a vertical wall. Unknown expansion coefficients in the series solutions are determined by matching velocity potentials among different sub-regions. The analytical solution is verified by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) solution and experimental data. The wave run-up and wave force on the partially reflecting vertical wall are estimated and examined, which can be effectively reduced by the submerged porous bar. The horizontal space between the vertical wall and the submerged porous bar is a key factor, which affects the sheltering function of the porous bar. The wave resonance between the porous bar and the vertical wall may disappear when the vertical wall has a low reflection coefficient. The present analytical solution may be used to determine the optimum parameters of structures at a preliminary engineering design stage.     

Main Features and Problems of Modern Evolution Process of Coastal Wetlands in North Jiangsu,China

Based on field monitoring and remote sensing extraction, this paper analyzed the landscape evolution, reclamation process and transformation characteristics in north Jiangsu coastal region since 1980 through landscape transfer analysis, landscape spatial conversion model, and landscape dynamicity model. Results indicated that natural wetland decreased while in contrast the artificial wetland increased. Natural wetland was mostly converted into mudflats, and large proportion of mudflats were subsequently exploited into aquaculture waters, and other man-made construction projects. Significant transformation ranking ahead were mudflat to aquaculture waters, Suaeda glauca to dry land, Suaeda glauca to aquaculture waters, Couch grass to aquaculture waters, respectively. The proportion of transformation caused by anthropogenic activities was up to 82%, much higher than natural succession. Coastal ecological systems were severely disturbed and destroyed largely due to wetland reclamation and resources exploitation. The results suggest that the impact of human activity on wetland ecology needs more attention.     

用逐点设站法在变形点上监测建筑物水平位移

本文介绍了用逐点设站法在变形点上监测建筑物水平位移的方法,这种方法与传统测小角法相比,其设站灵活,野外工作量不大,公式简单,计算方便,而且精度比传统的方法也有所提高.     

多消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤反射特性的迭代解析研究

基于势流理论,对多消浪室局部开孔沉箱防波堤的反射特性进行解析研究。研究中采用开孔墙处的二次压力损失边界条件,可以直接考虑波高对于开孔墙处能量损失的影响。利用匹配特征函数展开法和迭代方法得到当前问题的解析解。收敛性验证表明,迭代计算和级数解均具有良好的收敛性。该解析解的计算结果与分区边界元的数值计算结果一致,并且与已有的试验结果符合良好。通过算例分析,研究开孔沉箱防波堤反射系数的主要影响因素。结果表明：与单消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤相比,多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤可以在更宽的波浪频率范围内保持低反射;增大开孔墙的开孔率,有利于降低多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤的反射系数;当开孔墙的开孔率沿着入射波方向依次递减时,多消浪室开孔沉箱防波堤的反射系数较小。本文所建立的解析模型简单可靠,可用于工程初步设计中分析开孔沉箱防波堤的水动力性能。     

Subgrid modeling of salt marsh hydrodynamics with effects of vegetation and vegetation zonation

Vegetation plays a critical role in modifying inundation and flow patterns in salt marshes. In this study, the effects of vegetation are derived and implemented in a high‐resolution, subgrid model recently developed for simulating salt marsh hydrodynamics. Vegetation‐induced drag forces are taken into account as momentum sink terms. The model is then applied to simulate the flooding and draining processes in a meso‐tidal salt marsh, both with and without vegetation effects. Marsh inundation and flow patterns are significantly changed with the presence of vegetation. A smaller area of inundation occurs when vegetation is considered. Tides propagate both on the platform and through the channels when vegetation is absent, whereas flows concentrate mainly in channels when vegetation is present. Local inundation on vegetated platforms is caused mainly by water flux spilled from nearby channels, with a flow direction perpendicular to the channel edges, whereas inundation on bare platforms has contributions from both local spilled‐over water flux and remote advection from adjacent platforms. The flooding characteristics predicted by the model showed a significant difference between higher marsh and lower marsh, which is consistent with the wetlands classification by the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). The flooding characteristics and spatial distribution of hydroperiod are also highly correlated with the vegetation zonation patterns observed in Google Earth imagery. Regarding the strong interaction between flow, vegetation and geomorphology, the conclusion highlights the importance of including vegetation in the modeling of salt marsh dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS的油气地质综合研究平台与初步应用

油气地质综合研究平台必须实现数据的集成管理、可视化综合表达和定量分析,因此,可采用数据集市、数据平台和应用系统构成的三层体系结构。应用数据集市实现多学科数据的集成化管理,应用机助地层对比、图层叠加显示、专题图、三维可视化、空间叠加分析等技术实现多学科研究的专业集成。金湖凹陷戴南组的初步应用表明,该平台可为油气勘探的地质综合研究提供高效适用的软件工具。     

Seismic response of rocking isolated railway bridge piers with sacrificial components

In this study, sacrificial components were incorporated into self-centering railway bridge piers to improve the lateral stiffness. The seismic response of this new detail was investigated. First, the method to compute the initial uplift moment of the self-centering pier is given. In addition, shaking table tests were conducted on a free-rocking pier without sacrificial components, which was used to validate a two-spring numerical model. Good agreement was obtained between the numerical results and experimental data. Furthermore, the validated model was employed to investigate the influence of sacrificial components on the seismic response of rocking piers. For this purpose, two models were developed, with and without sacrificial components. Nonlinear response history analysis was then performed on both models under three historical motions. The results showed that compared to the one without sacrificial components, the rocking pier with sacrificial components has comparable displacement at the top of the pier, and maximum uplift moment at high amplitude motion. Therefore, incorporating sacrificial components into the rocking pier can increase the lateral stiffness at service load and low amplitude frequent earthquakes but can produce comparable response at high seismic excitation. These results provide support for performance-based seismic design of self-centering rocking piers.

     

土壤粗有机质的研究进展

土壤粗有机质是土壤中较为活跃的组分, 其密度组分对土壤有机质总矿化量有着重要贡 献, 可以作为评价管理措施转变引起土壤有机质短期变化的敏感性指标。分别介绍了按照不同的 物理分组方法划分的土壤有机质各物理组分的概念、土壤粗有机质及其分离方法, 探讨了影响土 壤粗有机质数量的主要因素( 管理措施、土地利用方式、土壤质地和气候条件) 和当前在研究土壤 粗有机质过程中存在的问题: ( 1) 各影响因素引起的土壤有机质变化的机制还不确定; ( 2) 土壤粗 有机质的分离方法还有待深入研究; ( 3) 粗有机质对土壤有机氮矿化的贡献认识还存在分歧。指 出探求更好的土壤粗有机质的分离方法和粗有机质对各影响因素的响应机制, 揭示土壤粗有机 质对土壤氮矿化的贡献是今后的主要研究方向。     

偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定微量铬的研究及应用

研究了铬（Ⅲ）与偶氮胂Ⅲ（ＡＳＡⅢ）的显色反应。在ｐＨ２８的邻苯二甲酸氢钾ＨＣｌ缓冲溶液中，铬（Ⅲ）与ＡＳＡ（Ⅲ）形成蓝色配合物，其最大吸收峰位于６００ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数为５０１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，配合物组成比为１∶１，铬的质量浓度在０～０６０ｍｇ／Ｌ内符合比耳定律。结合离子交换分离，应用该法测定了煤飞灰、茶叶和水样中铬的含量，结果与二苯碳酰二肼法相符     

基于有限元模型和模态参数的损伤识别

本文从特征值问题出发 ,结合结构系统的有限单元模型并引入单元损伤因子 ,导出了求解单元损伤因子的方程 ,从而可以确定结构的损伤位置和损伤程度。利用简支梁进行了数值模拟 ,建立了简支梁的有限单元模型 ,用不同单元弹性模量的降低来模拟各种不同的损伤工况 ,并对每种工况进行了损伤位置和损伤程度识别 ,数值模拟结果同实际情况吻合很好。