The application of a numerical model to coastal surface water waves

Based on the Navier-Stokes Equations (NSE), numerical simulation with fine grids is conducted to simulate the coastal surface wave changes, including wave generation, propagation, transformation and interactions between waves and structures. This numerical model has been tested for the generation of the desired incident waves, including both regular and random waves. Some numerical results of this model are compared with available experimental data. In order to apply this model to actual cases, boundary conditions are considered in detail for different shoreline types (beach or breakwater, slope or vertical wall, etc. ). Finally, the utility of the model to a real coastal area is shown by applying it to a fishing port located in Shidao, Rongcheng, Shandong Province, P.R. China.     

柔肝通络汤联合西药治疗阴虚血瘀型脑梗死恢复期41 例

目的:观察柔肝通络汤联合常规西药治疗阴虚血瘀型脑梗死恢复期的临床疗效。方法:将82 例阴虚血瘀型脑梗死恢复期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各41 例。对照组予以阿司匹林肠溶片和瑞舒伐他汀钙片治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用柔肝通络汤治疗。比较2组治疗4周后的综合疗效,治疗前后的Barthel指数、简化Fugl-Meyer量表（FMA）评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分,脑血流动力学指标;收缩期峰流速值（Vs）、平均流速值（Vm）及搏动指数（PI）］,血液流变学指标;全血高切黏度、纤维蛋白原（FIB）］及同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平。结果:总有效率治疗组为92.68%（38/41）,对照组为75.61%（31/41）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后2组NIHSS评分、PI、全血高切黏度、FIB及Hcy水平均较治疗前降低,Barthel指数、FMA评分、Vs、Vm均较治疗前升高,且治疗组改善程度均优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：柔肝通络汤联合西药治疗阴虚血瘀型脑梗死恢复期疗效显著,能改善患者的生活质量、脑血流动力学及血液流变学指标,降低Hcy水平,值得临床推广运用。     

Spatial distribution of maize in response to climate change in northeast China during 1980–2010

Based on county-level crop statistics and other ancillary information, spatial distribution of maize in the major maize-growing areas (latitudes 39°–48°N) was modelled for the period 1980–2010 by using a cross-entropy-based spatial allocation model. Maize extended as far north as the northern part of the Lesser Khingan Mountains during the period, and the area sown to maize increased by about 5 million ha. More than half of the increase occurred before 2000, and more than 80% of it in the climate transitional zone, where the annual accumulated temperature (AAT) was 2800–3400 °C·d. Regions with AAT of 3800–4000 °C·d became more important, accounting for more than 25% of the increase after 2000. The expansion of maize was thus closely related to warming, although some variation in the distribution was noticed across zones in relation to the warming, indicating that maize in northeast China may have adapted successfully to the warming by adjusting its spatial distribution to match the changed climate.     

Fatigue Magnification Factors of Arc-Soft-Toe Bracket Joints

Arc-soft-toe bracket (ASTB), as a joint structure in the marine structure, is the hot spot with significant stress concentration, therefore, fatigue behavior of ASTBs is an important point of concern in their design. Since macroscopic geometric factors obviously influence the stress flaws in joints, the shapes and sizes of ASTBs should represent the stress distribution around cracks in the hot spots. In this paper, we introduce a geometric magnification factor for reflecting the macroscopic geometric effects of ASTB crack features and construct a 3D finite element model to simulate the distribution of stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack endings. Sensitivity analyses with respect to the geometric ratio H _t /L _b , R/L _b , L _t /L _b are performed, and the relations between the geometric factor and these parameters are presented. A set of parametric equations with respect to the geometric magnification factor is obtained using a curve fitting technique. A nonlinear relationship exists between the SIF and the ratio of ASTB arm to toe length. When the ratio of ASTB arm to toe length reaches a marginal value, the SIF of crack at the ASTB toe is not influenced by ASTB geometric parameters. In addition, the arc shape of the ASTB slope edge can transform the stress flowing path, which significantly affects the SIF at the ASTB toe. A proper method to reduce stress concentration is setting a slope edge arc size equal to the ASTB arm length.     

临朐县做好土地储备工作

刁口乡自然保护区位于利津县东北部,丰富的湿地植被和水生生物资源已成为当地生态旅游的重要场所和经济来源,但由于区内自然资源开发,特别是石油、天然气的勘探开采,石油外溢引起的大面积水土污染,导致自然生态系统破坏。根据当地地质环境和湿地生态系统特点,制定了工程措施和生物措施的湿地治理设计方案,使黄河湿地生态系统得到恢复,带动当地海洋经济板块发展和产业结构调整。     

近30年中国东北地区玉米种植体系的时空动态分析(英文)

Understanding crop patterns and their changes on regional scale is a critical requirement for projecting agro-ecosystem dynamics. However, tools and methods for mapping the distribution of crop area and yield are still lacking. Based on the cross-entropy theory, a spatial production allocation model(SPAM) has been developed for presenting spatio-temporal dynamics of maize cropping system in Northeast China during 1980–2010. The simulated results indicated that(1) maize sown area expanded northwards to 48°N before 2000, after that the increased sown area mainly occurred in the central and southern parts of Northeast China. Meanwhile, maize also expanded eastwards to 127°E and lower elevation(less than 100 m) as well as higher elevation(mainly distributed between 200 m and 350 m);(2) maize yield has been greatly promoted for most planted area of Northeast China, especially in the planted zone between 42°N and 48°N, while the yield increase was relatively homogeneous without obvious longitudinal variations for whole region;(3) maize planting density increased gradually to a moderately high level over the investigated period, which reflected the trend of aggregation of maize cultivation driven by market demand.     

土壤侵蚀对农田中土壤有机碳的影响

碳主要在通气状态下释放出CO₂以温室效应的形式影响全球变化。当前,农田土壤固碳过程是土壤碳循环研究中的一个前沿领域,其中农田土壤再分布过程能否导致土壤固碳已引起科学上、政治上以及社会上广泛的兴趣。本文从不同的尺度阐述土壤再分布过程对土壤有机碳的影响。分别阐述土壤侵蚀和再沉积过程在全球碳循环,陆地碳库研究中的作用,土壤侵蚀与农田景观土壤有机碳动态、活性组份以及碳通量之间的关系,土壤再分布过程引起的土壤固碳机理。在此基础上指出今后迫切需要解决的问题。     

三次强对流天气过程的湿位涡分析

本文对发生于江苏苏北地区不同季节的三次强对天气过程,应用湿位涡这样一个表征大气动力、热力、水汽诸因素特征的综合物理量进行了分析,揭示了倾斜性涡度的发展是强对流天气发生发展的一种重要机制,表明该物理量在强对流天气分析中能很好地反映热力学和动力学成因,尤其是湿位涡的垂直通量、湿位涡通量的水平散度、位涡变化率对强对流天气有较大的作用。     

与低空急流相伴的暴雨天气诊断研究

对江淮流域8例与低空急流相伴的大暴雨天气过程进行了热力学、动力学特征分析。结果表明:从散度方程的计算看,在低空急流的左前侧有较强的辐合增强区,有利于该地区出现强暴雨天气。条件对称不稳定通常与α中尺度雨带的发展有关。本文发现当条件对称不稳定区与低空急流的加强相联系时,有利于湿位涡的发展,对该地区强天气的发生有利。最后就各种物理量诊断的综合分析,提出未来暴雨天气的落区预报方法。     

基于GIS和信息量模型的京张高铁滑坡易发性评价

新建京张铁路不仅是2022年北京冬奥会的配套交通保障设施,同时也是京包兰交通廊道的重要组成部分。在京张高铁沿线滑坡灾害调查的基础上,对影响滑坡灾害发育的相关因子进行统计分析,选取斜坡坡高、坡度、坡向、归一化植被指数、工程地质岩组、活动断裂、河流、年平均降雨量、地震和人类工程活动等10个要素作为评价模型计算的基本变量和数值化参数,采用基于GIS的信息量模型法对在建京张高铁沿线及邻区进行了滑坡灾害易发性评价,并将评价结果划分为5个等级:极低易发区、低易发区、中易发区、高易发区和极高易发区。结合野外调查成果,对评价结果的可信度进行了检验分析,评价结果与实际灾害发生情况基本吻合,研究结果可为京张高铁建设、减灾防灾提供基础依据。