造成大浪淀水库富营养化主要因子及变化规律分析

水资源短缺是全球普遍关注的问题,水质恶化更加剧了这一问题的严重性.本文针对河北省大浪淀水库投入运营后水质变化的情况,论述了水体产生富营养化的原因及危害,分析了影响大浪淀水库水质的主要因子及其变化规律,提出了改善水体环境、提高饮用水质量的防治方法.     

热流测量中垂向地下水运动干扰的校正方法

本文提出了一种地表热流测量中垂向地下水干扰的校正方法。并以江西萍乡和福建安溪的二个钻孔为例,说明了热流校正的具体过程。由于地下水对流传热的影响,垂向地下水渗透层内温度和热流随深度均呈指数分布。通过对钻孔测温数据的一维垂向Peclet数分析,可以确定渗透层内传导和对流热流分量以及热流的构成,从而得到未受地下水对流干扰的区域背景热流。这一方法不仅适用于渗透率结构均一的介质,也可用于水平层状介质。     

柴达木盆地东北缘中中新世以来古气候变化

全球变冷、青藏高原隆升以及特提斯洋海退被认为是控制亚洲大陆新生代气候变化的三大因素,然而由于长时间尺度古气候记录的匮乏,对于三者影响的认识并不清晰。柴达木盆地是青藏高原北部最大的一个封闭盆地,发育巨厚且连续的新生代地层,详细记录了周缘山体构造隆升过程和区域气候演化历史。本文通过柴达木盆地东北缘怀头他拉剖面的中中新世-早更新世沉积物气候代用指标碳酸盐、硫酸根和氯离子含量分析,显示该研究区中中新世以来气候变化经历了15.3~13.0Ma相对湿润、13.0~6.6Ma半干旱-半湿润和6.6~1.8Ma干旱的3个演化阶段。结合生物特征和前人研究成果,认为柴达木盆地干旱化历史可能从中中新世13Ma左右开始逐步发展,而真正意义上的干旱化始于6.6Ma以来。全球变冷是控制柴达木盆地干旱气候形成和发展的主导因素,同时青藏高原晚期持续阶段性的强烈隆升起到了催化剂的作用。     

三角剪切断层传播褶皱在祁连山北缘断裂中的应用:以黑河口断层为例

逆冲断层运动学过程研究可为造山作用和盆地演化提供重要的信息。位于青藏高原东北缘的祁连山北缘逆冲断裂（NFT）是一条主要的边界断裂,控制着祁连山晚新生代以来的隆升变形,但对于该断裂系统的运动学过程缺乏研究。甘肃张掖西南莺落峡附近,黑河口断层（祁连山北缘断裂的一部分）穿过红沙沟并导致其阶地面错断和褶皱变形。为了研究该区域褶皱变形特征和断层运动学过程,我们首先在红沙沟区域进行了详细的野外考察并对变形的地层和阶地面进行了测量,然后通过数值模拟方法来验证褶皱模型。红沙沟保存有9级河流阶地,利用差分GPS对阶地面的高程进行了测量,同时在野外测量了部分地层的产状。多处断层剖面表明该区域变形属于基底卷入的构造类型,另外变形的阶地面在近断层处表现出明显的褶皱形态。结合阶地面变形特征以及地层的变形,三角剪切断层传播褶皱模型被初步用于该区域构造变形的解释。模型模拟得到自T5、T6和T7形成以来断层滑动量分别是 44±7m、59±10m和 164±28m;结合T6年代得到自约9万年以来该断层的平均滑动速率为 0.68±0.19mm/a,垂直分量为 0.58±0.13mm/a。根据地层与阶地变形特征,并结合模型模拟结果,我们认为祁连山山前基底断层卷入的构造中,在断层出露地表之前,断层顶端存在一个分散式的三角形变形区,区域的应力状态控制着下伏地层和上覆地貌面的褶皱变形。     

Orientation of Galaxies in the Local Supercluster: A Review

The progress of the studies on the orientation of galaxies in the Local Supercluster (LSC) is reviewed and a summary of recent results is given. Following a brief introduction of the LSC, we describe the results of early studies based on two-dimensional analysis, which were mostly not conclusive. We describe next the three-dimensional analysis, which is used widely today. Difficulties and systematic effects are explained and the importance of selection effects is described. Then, results based on the new method and modern databases are given, which are summarized as follows. When the LSC is seen as a whole, galaxy planes tend to align perpendicular to the LSC plane with lenticulars showing the most pronounced tendency. Projections onto the LSC plane of the spin vectors of Virgo cluster member galaxies, and to some extent, those of the total LSC galaxies, tend to point to the Virgo cluster center. This tendency is more pronounced for lenticulars than for spirals. It is suggested that ‘field’ galaxies, i.e., those which do not belong to groups with more than three members, may be better objects than other galaxies to probe the information at the early epoch of the LSC formation through the analysis of galaxy orientations. Field lenticulars show a pronounced anisotropic distribution of spin vectors in the sense that they lay their spin vectors parallel to the LSC plane while field spirals show an isotropic spin-vector distribution.     

Common Proper Motion Search for Faint Companions Around Early-Type Field Stars – Progress Report

The multiplicity of early-type stars is still not well established. The derived binary fraction is different for individual star forming regions, suggesting a connection with the age and the environment conditions. The few studies that have investigated this connection do not provide conclusive results. To fill in this gap, we started the first detailed adaptive-optic-assisted imaging survey of early-type field stars to derive their multiplicity in a homogeneous way. The sample has been extracted from the Hipparcos Catalog and consists of 341 BA-type stars within ∼300 pc from the Sun. We report the current status of the survey and describe a Monte-Carlo simulation that estimates the completeness of our companion detection.     

A modified land surface temperature split window retrieval algorithm and its applications over China

Due to the difficulties in correcting the influences of the atmosphere absorbability and the Earth surface emissivity diversification, the retrieval of LST (land surface temperature) from satellite data is a challenging task. In this paper, a modified Becker's split window LST inversion algorithm is developed for retrieving LST from the NOAA-16/17 AVHRR data. A new set of parameters for Becker's LST algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is developed from a surface brightness temperature dataset generated from the MODTRAN program, which uses a range of surface parameters and atmospheric quantities as inputs. The 10-day composites of the channels 4 and 5 brightness temperature data of NOAA-17 AVHRR (1-km resolution) are used to generate the clear-sky LST. As a validation of the algorithm, the retrieved LST is compared with MODIS LST of same period and area. The two LST products are found to be consistent, with the absolute difference being about 2.5 K for most areas. The NOAA retrieved LST is also compared with in-situ ground surface 0-cm measurements taken from 257 meteorological stations, which cover overall China area for the three periods of satellite observations. The comparison shows that the correlation between the retrieved LST and in-situ measurements is over 0.90 and the RMSE (root mean square error) is about 3.4 K.     

三斑石斑鱼(Epinephelus trimaculatus)两种芳香化酶cDNA的克隆及其表达的组织特异性

通过设计引物,从三斑石斑鱼的卵巢中克隆鉴定出性腺芳香化酶(EtP450arom a)和脑芳香化酶(EtP450arom b)的cDNA序列,EtP450arom a开放阅读框为1557bp,编码519个氨基酸残基;EtP450arom b开放阅读框为1530bp,共编码510个氨基酸残基;性腺芳香化酶(EtP450arom a)和脑芳香化酶(EtP450arom b)的氨基酸序列的同源性为63.3%,并且包含了芳香化酶经典的功能保守结构。构建了芳香化酶的系统进化树。采用半定量RT-PCR方法研究了性腺芳香化酶(EtP450arom a)和脑芳香化酶(EtP450arom b)在雌性成鱼各组织中的mRNA的表达情况。组织表达结果显示,性腺芳香化酶EtP450arom a只在性腺中特异性表达,而脑芳香化酶EtP450arom b主要在脑区和垂体中表达,表明三斑石斑鱼两种芳香化酶基因的组织特异性及功能的差异。     

黄斑篮子鱼去毒相关基因的克隆与肝脏组成型表达分析

从基因水平探讨海洋鱼类对海洋藻毒素的去毒分子机理。采用RT-PCR法成功克隆了黄斑篮子鱼Siganus oramin肝脏I时相代谢酶细胞色素P450 1A(CYP1A)、II时相代谢酶alpha型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTA)和rho型谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTR)、热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)、alpha 1型钠钾ATP酶(ATP1A1)及β-肌动蛋白(beta-actin, ACT)基因cDNA核心序列,序列分别长879 bp、582 bp、588 bp、660 bp、749 bp和554 bp。序列同源性分析发现,属鲈形目的黄斑篮子鱼CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR与同属鲈形目的牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus、欧洲鲽Pleuronectes platessa、真鲷Pagrus major、鲤形目的斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio 相应氨基酸序列同源性较高,CYP1A和GSTA与非洲爪蟾(两栖类)、鸡(鸟类)、小鼠、大鼠和人(哺乳类)相应氨基酸序列同源性低,这可能与鱼类I、II时相去毒酶基因承担水环境毒素去毒代谢的特殊功能有关;而HSP70、ATP1A和β-肌动蛋白在鱼类、两栖类、鸟类、哺乳类中均有较高的同源性,这可能与这些基因在机体中承担的最基本的生命功能相关。应用半定量RT-PCR的方法,以β-肌动蛋白作为外参照,在指数期增长范围内分别得到了CYP1A、GSTA、GSTR、HSP70和ATP1A1 mRNA与β-肌动蛋白mRNA (%)的比值,确定黄斑篮子鱼肝脏去毒相关基因的组成型表达水平。其中,黄斑篮子鱼肝脏CYP1A、GSTA和GSTR基因组成型表达相对较高,HSP70和ATP1A1基因组成型表达相对较低,这可能与不同基因在黄斑篮子鱼海洋藻毒素去毒分子机理中承担的作用相关,为海洋藻毒素在海洋鱼类中的积聚及代谢去毒分子机制的研究提供了相关数据。     

Taxonomy and ultrastructure of five species of Tetraselmis (Prasinophyceae) isolated from China seas

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