台湾北部海域黑潮与中尺度涡旋研究进展

The kuroshio,originating from the sea southeast of Taiwan andeast of bashi channel,is the western boundary current of the pacific and has the characterisics of strong flows,high temperature and high salinity.mesoscale eddies have strong kinetie energy with a vertical extent of 100m and a horizontal magnitude of 100km. the submarine topography northeast of Taiwan has complicated strucrures.the continental shelf region shallower than 200m occupies the western and middle part of the east china sea(ecs).in the southeastern ECS lies the deep okinawa trough,in which the main depth can reach more than 1000m.it is the geomorphological separatrix between the continental shelf and the ryukyu islands,. the kuroshio enters the ECS along the east coast of taiwen,flows northeastward along the shelf slope,and hence intrudes across the shelf break.in this paper,our concern is the interaction between the kuroshio in ECS and the taiwan strait waters on the continental shelf. meanwhile the mesoscale eddies in the north of Taiwan is another attention point.     

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内蒙古雨养农业区土壤水分动态监测模式

文章根据多年实际观测资料,在土壤水分平衡参数模拟方法的基础上,利用初始土壤有效水分贮存量、降水量和实际蒸散量3要素,建立了0～50 cm土层的土壤水分动态监测模式,确定了各项参数的计算方法。通过11个站点两年的检验和试用,对主要农作物春小麦和春玉米农田的水分状况监测准确率达80%以上。同时,对两个站点的土壤水分进行了预报,准确率平均为92%。     

钢在海洋沉积物中的腐蚀研究 Ⅵ.海底沉积物腐蚀因子的原位测试技术

环境腐蚀因子的测试是环境的腐蚀性评价与防腐工程设计,以及腐蚀机理分析研究的必要过程和手段。海洋工程地质调査和海底沉积物腐蚀因子调査中的pH,Eh(氧化—还原电位)等的测试,通常是从海洋工程地质取样器中抓取部分海底沉积物,再在室内进行测试。此种测试方法是“破坏性测试”,它使原海底沉积物的结构状态受到破坏,故测试结果不能完全代表实际状态,而且还可引入人为误差。为提高海洋调查中一些参数的准确性和可靠性,作者结合“移植埋片”法(马士德等,1994)研制了海底沉积物有关腐蚀因子的原位测试技术。     

藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿床多期流体演化与成矿的流体包裹体证据

通过对玉龙斑岩铜矿石英斑晶、辉钼矿石英脉中流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体显微测温分析、包裹体成分的激光拉曼探针分析及包裹体中子矿物的扫描电镜／能谱分析,发现矿化斑岩石英斑晶中发育多期流体包裹体、斑晶中除流体包裹体外尚可见少量熔体包裹体与斑岩期矿化有关的成矿流体以中高温（200～537℃）、高盐度（29．6～44．7wt％NaCleq）为特征,与粘土化蚀变有关的流体包裹体以低温、富Ca为特征,不同气相充填度的气液两相包裹体与高盐度含子矿物多相包裹体共存,且具有相似的均一温度,显示不混溶流体包裹体特征温度、压力降低引起的流体不混溶是造成斑岩型矿化矿质沉淀的主要因素,斑岩期流体与浅成低温热液期流体形成于统一的流体系统,为同源演化结果。     

横向各向同性介质紧致交错网格有限差分波场模拟(英文)

针对有限差分数值模拟的频散问题,本文将交错网格技术和紧致差分格式相结合,推导了横向各向同性介质一阶速度一应力波动方程的紧致交错网格差分格式;对比分析了紧致交错网格差分格式、交错网格差分格式以及紧致差分格式的截断误差主项,并利用Fourier误差分析方法分析了上述三种差分格式的近似精度;在此基础上,分别采用上述三种差分格式进行了波场数值模拟。结果表明,当差分方程阶数相同时,紧致交错网格差分格式截断误差最小,数值频散最弱,差分精度最高,证实了该方法的有效性。     

钢筋混凝土梁板柱空间节点抗震性能试验研究

通过对一个钢筋混凝土框架中柱空间梁柱节点和一个带现浇楼板空间节点在平面内施加低周反复荷载以及对一个带板空间节点在斜向施加低周反复荷载,深入研究了空间节点在平面内加载和斜向加载下的破坏形态,滞回性能等抗震性能。试验结果表明:在正向弯矩作用下,带板试件梁端承载力略有提高,延性发展直至纵筋拉断;在负向弯矩作用下,带板试件由于板筋参与工作承载力提高2倍以上,变形能力受受压区混凝土破坏控制,与无板试件相当;带板试件在斜向荷载作用下由于相邻梁上作用弯矩相反,减少了板筋参与工作范围,承载力略低。     

青藏高原达则错近1000年来生态系统变化及可能机制

在全球变化的背景下,厘清湖泊生态系统对气候环境以及人类活动的响应机制对制定社会的适应政策非常重要.目前的研究手段如现场观测和围隔实验等可以很好地揭示湖泊生态系统在有观测记录以来的演替和变化过程,但是不能提供历史时期湖泊生态系统的变化及其对气候环境变化和人类活动的响应.古湖沼学可以为探讨湖泊生态系统的长期变化及其对气候环...     

Emission of phosphine in intertidal marshes of the Yangtze Estuary

Emission of phosphine, a gaseous form of P, is presently considered a potential pathway of the P biogeochemical cycle in aquatic sediments. This study investigated the emission fluxes of phosphine and its potential production mechanisms in the intertidal marshes of the Yangtze Estuary. It is shown that the relatively high emission fluxes of phosphine were measured in warm seasons, with the values of 3.85–24.9 ng m^?2 h^?1 and 4.21–36.5 ng m^?2 h^?1 in August and September, respectively. In contrast, lower fluxes of phosphine appeared in May (1.23–6.32 ng m^?2 h^?1) and January (0.21–0.91 ng m^?2 h^?1). Also, the fluxes of phosphine were generally higher in the freshwater marsh, compared with the brackish marsh. The spatio-temporal pattern of phosphine emissions was observed to be mainly associated with sediment structure, temperature and salinity. Meanwhile, the significant correlations of phosphine emissions with sedimentary P and alkaline phosphatase activities reflect that phosphine probably derives from the microbial transformations of PO₄ and organic P. In addition, it is estimated that approximately 1.08 × 10⁶ g of phosphine is released annually from sediments into the pelagic water of the Yangtze Estuary. Therefore, it is concluded that phosphine emissions may be an important internal source of P, making a significant contribution to the occurrence of algal blooms especially during warm seasons.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001344

The Rehai Geothermal Field,located in Tengcbong County,in central-western Yunnan Province, is the largest and most intensively studied geothermal held in China.A wide physicochemical diversity of springs(ambient to ~97℃;pH from≤.8 to≥9.3) provides a multitude of niches for extremophilic microorganisms.A variety of studies have focused on the cultivation,identification,basic physiology,taxonomy,and biotechnological potential of thermophilic microorganisms from Rehai.Thermophilic bacteria isolated from Rehai belong to the phyla Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thenmts. Firmicutes include neutrophilic or alkaliphilic Anoxybacillus,Bacillus,Caldalkalibacillus.Caldanaerobacier, Laceyella,and Geobacillus,as well as thermoacidophilic Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus. Isolates from the Deinococcus-Thermus phylum include several Meiothermus and Thennus species.Many of these bacteria synthesize thermostable polymer-degrading enzymes that may be useful for biotechnology. The thermoacidophilic archaea Acidianus.Melal/osp/utera.and Suljolobus have also been isolated and studied.A few studies have reported the isolation of thermophilic viruses belonging to Siphoviridae(TTSP4 and TTSPIO) and Fuselloviridae(STSVl) infecting Thennus spp.and Suljolobus spp..respectively.More recently,cultivation-independent studies using 16S rRNA gene sequences, shotgun metagenomics,or "functional gene" sequences have revealed a much broader diversity of microorganisms than represented in culture.Studies of the gene and mRNA encoding the large subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase(imioA) of ammonia-oxidizing Archaea(AOA) and the tetraether lipid erenarchaeol. a potential biomarker for AOA.suggest a wide diversity,but possibly low abundance,of thermophilic AOA in Rehai.Finally,we introduce the Tengchong Partnerships in International Research and Education(PIRE) project,an international collaboration between Chinese and U.S.scientists with the goal of promoting international and interdisciplinary cooperation to gain a more holistic and global view of life in terrestrial geothermal springs.