基于激光雷达的宁波地区气溶胶垂直分布特征研究

利用2016年宁波逐时气象观测资料、大气成分监测资料及气溶胶激光雷达资料,对宁波地区霾日进行判定,并对不同天气状况下气溶胶垂直分布特征进行分析。结果表明:2016年宁波地区霾日共70天,轻微霾最多为54天。气象要素和颗粒物浓度在霾日和非霾日都有明显日变化特征,除风速以外,能见度、PM2.5和PM10在霾日和非霾日有非常显著的差异。霾日和非霾日均在高度为0.00.5km时,气溶胶消光系数最大,贡献率分别为53.3%和40.5%。不同季节气溶胶消光系数变化范围有明显差异,消光系数在霾日秋季的>冬季的>春季的;非霾日冬季的>秋季的>春季的>夏季的。秋冬季多冷空气活动,多污染物输送造成霾日消光系数明显高于非霾日的,秋季两者消光系数峰值差异达0.47km^-1。夜间到早晨由于扩散条件不利,容易有污染物的积累增长。春季轻微霾在02时前后消光系数最大,可达2.9km^-1;轻度霾08时在1.4km处的最大,可达2.8km^-1。秋季轻微霾在0.5km以下,02时、08时有消光系数峰值区,最大可达1.0~1.2km^-1。冬季多静稳天气,扩散条件较差,气溶胶消光系数日变化规律不明显,随着霾程度的加重,消光系数波动幅度增大,无霾或轻微霾时消光系数为0.0~1.0km^-1,轻度和中度霾时,消光系数峰值从1.2km^-1增大到2.2km^-1。     

Enzyme responses and lipid peroxidation in gills and hepatopancreas of clam Mactra vereformis, following cadmium exposure

To assess the toxicity of heavy metal pollution to marine intertidal shellfish, enzymatic responses and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the clam Mactra vereformis exposed to cadmium under laboratory conditions. Three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx), two immune defense enzymes (acid phosphatase, ACP; alkaline phosphatase, ALP), and one lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde, MDA) were measured in the gills and the hepatopancreas of the ...     

热带与亚热带遥感：需求、挑战与机遇

热带与亚热带拥有大量丰富的自然资源,同时也正在经历着快速的城市化进程,其资源、生态、环境等都面临着前所未有的挑战。同时,热带与亚热带地区存在着大量的自然灾害(如台风、干旱、地震等),威胁着该地区人类经济社会的可持续发展。应用遥感技术对热带与亚热带区域进行全面的监测,对于热带与亚热带区域甚至全球的可持续发展具有重要的意义。然而,由于热带与亚热带特殊的地理条件(如多云多雨等),遥感监测需要克服特殊的技术挑战。本文通过Web of Science核心数据库的7594篇研究论文进行分析,综述了热带与亚热带遥感的研究现状,分别从热带与亚热带遥感的需求、现状、挑战和机遇,通过共被引文献分析和主题词频率分析,建立共被引文献网络和主题词网络,并通过非监督机器学习进行聚类,分别识别出22个共被引文献聚类和6个主题词聚类。通过对这些共被引文献类别和主题词类别的深入分析,本文总结了:(1)热带与亚热带遥感研究的主要监测对象,包括城市地表、热带雨林、红树林、珊瑚、热带草原、生物多样性和自然灾害;(2)热带与亚热带遥感主要采用的遥感技术,包括:遥感数据的选择和使用、遥感数据分析的方法、多云多雨的问题应对以及多源遥感技术。最后,从现代遥感技术的快速发展,本文从8个方面讨论热带与亚热带遥感面临的挑战和未来发展的机遇。     

基于地震预报的防震减灾决策研究

将地震预报与防震决策从机制上融为一个动态整体，对提高预报精度、降低决策等做了深入探讨，并建立起一个实用性很强的操作系统，使防震对策的生成有了更科学的基础，可供各级政府及防震指挥部门试用。     

江苏省矿山环境保护和矿业废弃地环境恢复整治示范模式

随着矿业经济发展由“资源开发”向“资源开发与环境保护并重”的转变,江苏省域内已涌现出一批矿业生态示范工程,并逐步建立了一批矿产资源开发工业园。关闭矿山废弃地的环境恢复整治示范工程也已初见成效,打造出景观再造、科普园区、应景改造、循环经济、工程整治、生态保护等环境恢复整治模式,显然对江苏生态省建设和区域经济的可持续发展具有较强的示范和推进作用。本文力图对已有的典范进行归纳,总结出矿山环境保护和矿业废弃地恢复整治的示范模式,为江苏省今后矿山环境保护(整治)提供技术支撑,达到改善生态环境的目的。     

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??????????????????????????GPS???????????(1997-01~1999-12)??????Hori???????????????????齻????????????????????????????:????????????С??????????????????????????????7 cm/a??50%?????????????10~30 km??????????????????齻??????????????Yabuki-Matu??ura????????????????????????????Hori???????????б?????????????????????????????????????????????????в?????????Ч????????????????????????????????Hori?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

Ultrastructure developments during spermiogenesis in Polydora ciliata (Annelida: Spionidae), a parasite of mollusca

Spionid worms of Polydora ciliata inhabit the shells of many commercially important bivalves and cause disease in molluscan aquaculture. Their sperm structure is closely related to their fertilization method. To give an insight into the sperm structure and spermatogenesis, ultrastructure details of the subcellular components of germ cells during spermiogenesis of Polydora ciliata are detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In P. ciliata, during spermiogenesis, chromatin is regularly arranged as dense fibrils and becomes more condensed when the nucleus elongates. Microtubules do not surround the nucleus during its elongation. The Golgi phase is characterized by the formation of proacrosomal granules within the Golgi apparatus. The proacrosomal granules fuse to form a single, spherical acrosomal vesicle that migrates to the anterior pole of the cell. At the time of nuclear condensation, mitochondria become reduced in number but increased in size, causing deep indentation at the base of the nucleus. The mid-piece has a few mitochondria. The cap phase includes the spreading of the acrosomal granule over the surface of the nucleus of the differentiating spermatid. The acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis is typically associated with changes in the shape of the nucleus, acrosome and tail. The relationship of sperm ultrastructure to spermiogenesis in spionidae species was discussed.     

Flux–Gradient Relationships in the Atmospheric Surface Layer Over the Gobi Desert in China

A field campaign was conducted to collect high quality vertical wind speed and temperature profiles with simultaneous turbulent momentum and sensible heat fluxes over the flat Gobi surface located at 39°09′N, 100°06′E at an elevation of 1,458 m during the Pilot Intensive Observation Period in 1990. Careful evaluation of the observations in near-neutral conditions supports a value of the von Karman constant close to 0.39, which is in good agreement with the results obtained from many other field experiments conducted in low elevation regions. In near-neutral stratification the turbulent Prandtl number is found to be 1 but with lower confidence due to scarcity and scatter of the data points. For an expanded stability range, exponents of −1/4 and −1/2 are respectively best fitted to the functional relations for the non-dimensional wind and temperature profile functions in unstable stratification but linear relations still hold for stable stratification in this high elevation region.     

基于“数字福建”的防震减灾信息体系

本文概述了福建省防震减灾信息系统的现状 ,指出在“数字福建”的总体架构下 ,利用“数字福建”丰富的信息资源和新技术、新方法建设防震减灾信息体系 ,可望使福建省防震减灾工作实现质的飞跃。     

含障碍体滑动方向相同平行断层失稳破坏应变场、声发射分布特征的研究

通过对含障碍体滑动方向相同平行断层失稳破坏的应变场、声发射数据的处理，分析了平行断层障碍体上应变场、声发射的时空演化图象，进而分析了障碍体的破裂过程以及障碍体破坏所引起的相互作用和相互影响，即增减震关系的分析．结果表明，这种滑动方向相同的平行断层的失稳破坏是一种减震机制．