基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟

以点电源和线电源为例,叙述了基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟过程。通过对COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS正演模拟解与理论值的对比分析,验证了应用COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS进行直流电法正演模拟的正确性与可行性。鉴于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS强大的剖分求解功能及丰富的后处理操作,可以快速、准确实现正演模拟,其在地球物理正演模拟中的应用的研究意义重大。     

辽西建昌碱性粗面岩的年代学及岩石成因研究

义县组火山岩在辽话分布广泛,研究区碱性粗面岩位于建昌地区义县组火山岩的顶部,详细的年代学及地球化学研究表明,锆石u—Pb年龄为（120．3±1．5）Ma,具有较高的SiO2：和碱含量,ω（SiO2）=63．52％～65．94％,ω（Na20＋K2O）=9．63％一10．15％,ω（Na20）／ω（K20）为0．96～1．08,属于高钾碱性岩系列,同时具有较低的ω（MgO）（0．75％～1．05％）,稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型模式（La／Yb）n=8．96～12．02）,较弱的正Eu异常（δEu=1．07—1．16）,相容元素Cr（1．46×10^6～4．15X10^6）、c0（19．8X10^6。～45．9X10^6）和Ni（0．100x10^6～1．55×10^6）含量低。微量元素蛛网图显示明显的Ba和Pb正异常,以及Sr、Ti和Y负异常,此外,zr和Hf显示一定的正异常。认为碱性岩形成于拉张的构造环境,且来源深度较大,是壳幔相互作用的结果,研究区火山岩是经过强烈橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石结晶分异的富集地幔岩浆上升底侵至下地壳,并经历同化混染和部分熔融,然后沿着深大断裂喷发至地表。     

黔西织纳煤田上二叠统层序地层及聚煤作用

贵州西部织(织金)纳(纳雍)煤田以发育海陆过渡相含煤岩系而成为研究西南地区晚二叠世沉积相及层序地层的理想地区.作者对该煤田上二叠统含煤岩系(龙潭组和长兴组)进行了高分辨率层序地层分析,并探讨了层序地层格架下煤层厚度的变化规律.以区域不整合面以及下切谷砂体底部冲刷面等为层序界面,结合石灰岩标志层向古陆方向延伸距离而显示的...     

辽宁猫岭金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

本文将猫岭金矿床划分为沉积变质、变质热液和交代重熔岩浆热液三个成矿期。由硫、氢、氧同位素,稀土元素特征及包裹体成分研究结果表明变质热液期为主成矿期,主要成矿物质来自围岩,矿床属变质热液成因。     

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.     

The role of metal sulfates in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) of hydrocarbons: Insight from the yields and stable carbon isotopes of gas products

The mechanism of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was investigated by separately heating n-C₂₄ with three different sulfates (CaSO₄, Na₂SO₄, MgSO₄) in sealed gold tubes at 420 °C and measuring the stable carbon isotope values of hydrocarbon (C₁-C₅) and non-hydrocarbon (CO₂) products. Extensive TSR was observed with the MgSO₄ reactant as reflected by increasing concentrations of H₂S, ¹³C depleted CO₂ and relatively low concentrations of H₂ (compared to the control). H₂S yields were already very high at the first monitoring time (12 h) when the temperature had just reached 420 °C, suggesting that TSR had commenced well prior to this temperature. Only trace amounts of n-C₂₄ and secondary C₃-C₅ alkanes were detected at 12 h, reflecting the efficient TSR utilization of the reactant and lower molecular weight alkane products. Ethane levels were still relatively high at 12 h, but declined thereafter as it was subject to TSR in the absence of higher molecular weight alkanes which had already been utilized. Methane yields were consistently high throughout the 48 h MgSO₄ treatment. The temporal decrease in the concentrations of alkanes available for TSR may also contribute to the sharp enhancement of CO₂ after 36 h. Absence or dampening of the molecular and isotopic trends of MgSO₄ TSR was observed with Na₂SO₄ and CaSO₄ respectively, directly reflecting the levels of TSR reached using these sulfate treatments.For all treatments, the δ¹³C values of C_1-5n-alkanes showed an increase with both molecular weight and treatment time. MgSO₄ TSR led to a 5-10‰ increase in the δ¹³C values of the C₁-C₅ hydrocarbons and a 20‰ decrease in the δ¹³C value of CO₂. The significant ¹³C depletion of the CO₂ may be due to co-production of ¹³C enriched MgCO₃, although this remains unproven as the δ¹³C of MgCO₃ was not measured. The difference in the δ¹³C values of ethane and propane (Δδ¹³C_EP) increased in magnitude with the degree of TSR, and this trend could be used to help evaluate the occurrence and extent of TSR in subsurface gas reservoirs.     

Cenozoic basement structure of the South China Sea and adjacent areas by modeling and interpreting gravity data

The South China Sea and adjacent areas is a large region with diversely complicated geological conditions. In spite of investigations carried out over the past many years, the marine geological structure in many places has remained poorly understood because of the deficient data, a thick seawater layer as well as of the sensitive areas among the countries in the region. In this paper, the authors study and apply a model-based methodology of the modeling and interpretation of the newest gravity data and others, which are 3D modeling, frequency filtering, horizontal gravity gradient and maximum horizontal gravity gradient, in order to determine clearly the basement structure. The basement features such as the main faults systems, uplift-depression zones and seafloor spreading axis, oceanic boundary in the region have been defined. The achieved results are checked by the seismic data available for the region. From the studied results, the authors have brought out some initial remarks on the structure and form of the basement in the South China Sea and adjacent areas.     

罗布泊Ls2孔近7.1Ma以来沉积物的环境磁学研究

塔里木盆地的高分辨率环境记录对于理解西部干旱乃至全球变化至关重要.湖泊沉积物的磁学参数能够记录沉积环境和古气候信息.罗布泊地区是受西风影响的典型区域.本文选取罗布泊Ls2孔7.1Ma以来长度达1050.6m的沉积物进行详细的岩石磁学与环境磁学研究.结果表明,磁铁矿和赤铁矿是沉积物中主要载磁矿物.钻孔底部和上部的沉积物磁铁矿含量相对较高,中部强磁性矿物浓度降低导致赤铁矿占主导.磁性矿物以PSD (pseudo-single-domain)颗粒为主,并含有极少量的SP(super-paramagnetic)颗粒.罗布泊Ls2孔的S-ratio比值表明,7.1～5.6Ma气候为相对较干旱和相对较湿润交替出现,5.6～3.6Ma干旱化加剧,3.60～0.74Ma有所缓和,0.74～OMa干旱化最为强烈,其中5.1Ma和3.6Ma是两个明显的转折点.多磁学参数表明,晚中、上新世以来罗布泊地区的磁性矿物含量的变化,可以反映罗布泊地区气候渐进式的干旱化过程.     

农业生态地质调查初探——以辽宁鞍山南部地区为例

以鞍山南部地区农业生态地质调查为例,阐述了通过测定主要元素在土壤中的分布,综合评价农业生态地质背景,从而研究土地种植适宜性及土壤环境安全性和治理对策,进而讨论在辽宁省开展农业生态地质调查研究的主要内容及意义.此外,对特种经济作物南果梨专项调查表明,土壤中铁、锰、镁、钾、钴元素含量决定了南果梨的独特品质,以变辉长岩或片岩和花岗岩混合岩为成土母岩地区是南果梨生长的最佳区域.     

Crustal structure of the continental margin of Korea in the East Sea (Japan Sea) from deep seismic sounding data: evidence for rifting affected by the hotter than normal mantle

Despite the various opening models of the southwestern part of the East Sea (Japan Sea) between the Korean Peninsula and the Japan Arc, the continental margin of the Korean Peninsula remains unknown in crustal structure. As a result, continental rifting and subsequent seafloor spreading processes to explain the opening of the East Sea have not been adequately addressed. We investigated crustal and sedimentary velocity structures across the Korean margin into the adjacent Ulleung Basin from multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data. The Ulleung Basin shows crustal velocity structure typical of oceanic although its crustal thickness of about 10 km is greater than normal. The continental margin documents rapid transition from continental to oceanic crust, exhibiting a remarkable decrease in crustal thickness accompanied by shallowing of Moho over a distance of about 50 km. The crustal model of the margin is characterized by a high-velocity (up to 7.4 km/s) lower crustal (HVLC) layer that is thicker than 10 km under the slope base and pinches out seawards. The HVLC layer is interpreted as magmatic underplating emplaced during continental rifting in response to high upper mantle temperature. The acoustic basement of the slope base shows an igneous stratigraphy developed by massive volcanic eruption. These features suggest that the evolution of the Korean margin can be explained by the processes occurring at volcanic rifted margins. Global earthquake tomography supports our interpretation by defining the abnormally hot upper mantle across the Korean margin and in the Ulleung Basin.