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741.
The long-term mean (31-year mean) surface heat fluxes over the Japan Sea are estimated by the bulk method using the most of the available vessel data with the resolution of 1o×1o. The long-term annual mean net heat flux is about –53 W m–2 (negative sign means upward heat flux) with the annual range from 133 W m–2 in May to –296 W m–2 in December. The small gain of heat in the area near Vladivostok seems to indicate the existence of cold water flowing from the north. In that area in winter, the mean loss of heat attains about 200 W m–2, and the Bowen's ratio is over the unity. The largest insolation occurs in May in the Japan Sea, and the upward latent heat flux becomes the largest in November in this area. The heat flux of Haney type is also calculated, and the result, shows that the constantQ
1 has the remarkable seasonal and spatial variation, while the coefficientQ
2 has relatively small variation throughout all seasons. Under the assumption of constant volume transport of 1.35×106 m3s–1 through the Tsugaru Strait, the long-term averages of the volume transport through the Tsushima and Soya Straits are estimated to be about 2.20 and 0.85×106 m3s–1 from the result of the mean surface heat flux, respectively. 相似文献
742.
Clay minerals of the surface sediments of Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, exhibit distinctive geographical distributions: kaolinite has the highest concentration near the shore of the South Shetland Islands in the northern strait (20%); chlorite, near Smith Island in the northwestern strait; illite, on the continental shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula in the southern strait (80%); and smectite, close to the Penguin and Bridgeman islands in the northeastern strait (25%). This distribution pattern, combined with hydrographic and climatic data for the strait, are used to infer clay mineral provenance and dispersal patterns. 相似文献
743.
Water masses in the subsurface and the intermediate layer are actively formed due to strong winter convection in the Japan
Sea. It is probable that some fraction of pollution is carried into the layer below the sea surface together with these water
masses, so it is important to estimate the formation rate and turnover time of water masses to study the fate of pollutants.
The present study estimates the annual formation rate and the turnover time of water masses using a three-dimensional ocean
circulation model and a particle chasing method. The total annual formation rate of water masses below the sea surface amounted
to about 3.53 ± 0.55 Sv in the Japan Sea. Regarding representative intermediate water masses, the annual formation rate of
the Upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water (UJSPW) and the Japan Sea Intermediate Water (JSIW) were estimated to be about
0.38 ± 0.11 and 1.43 ± 0.16 Sv, respectively, although there was little evidence of the formation of deeper water masses below
a depth of about 1500 m in a numerical experiment. An estimate of turnover time shows that the UJSPW and the JSIW circulate
in the intermediate layer of the Japan Sea with timescales of about 22.1 and 2.2 years, respectively. 相似文献
744.
Identification of hydrodynamic coefficients in ship maneuvering equations of motion by Estimation-Before-Modeling technique 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Estimation-Before-Modeling (EBM) technique (or the two-step method) is a system identification method that estimates parameters in a dynamic model. Given sea trial data, the extended Kalman filter and modified Bryson–Frazier smoother can be used to estimate motion variables, hydrodynamic force, and the speed and the direction of current. And using these estimated data, we can use the ridge regression method to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients in a model. An identifiable state space model is constructed in case that current effect is included and the maneuvering characteristics of a ship are analyzed by correlation analysis. To better identify hydrodynamic coefficients, we suggest the sub-optimal input scenario that considers the D-optimal criterion. Finally, the algorithm is confirmed against real sea trial data of 113K tanker. 相似文献
745.
An instrument which has long been used in constructing the stereographicprojection of a crystal is the curved ruler suggested by both Wulff and Fedorowin 1893.~1 It is a convenient and quick method for drawing the flat arcs of verylong radius which cannot 相似文献
746.
S. V. Rasskazov A. M. Il’yasova A. A. Konev T. A. Yasnygina M. N. Maslovskaya N. N. Fefelov E. I. Demonterova E. V. Saranina 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(1):1-14
The unaltered magmatic rocks of the Zadoi Massif were analyzed for Sr isotopic composition and concentrations of major oxides and trace elements by ICP MS. The evolution of the massif involved four phases: (i) perovskite and ilmenite clinopyroxenites, (ii) ijolites, (iii) nepheline syenites, and (iv) carbonatites. The perovskite clinopyroxenites have anomalously high Ce/Pb (223–1132) and Pr/Sr × 1000 (70–360) ratios at a low initial Sr isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr)0 = 0.70247–0.70285. The ilmenite clinopyroxenites have Ce/Pb and Pr/Sr × 1000 ratios approaching those in basalts of oceanic islands (OIB) (decreasing to 39 and 30, respectively) at a simultaneous increase in the (87Sr/86Sr)0 ratios (0.7030–0.7036). The ijolites and nepheline syenites have patterns of incompatible trace elements similar to those in OIB and the highest (87Sr/86Sr)0 ratios (0.70346–0.70414). The carbonatites are complementarily enriched in incompatible elements of the nepheline syenites and have (87Sr/86Sr)0 = 0.7029–0.7034, which is comparable with the range of analogous ratios for the ilmenite clinopyroxenites. Our geochemical data indicate that the carbonatites were formed as an immiscible liquid or fluid, which separated from the ijolite-nepheline syenite melt during its interaction with the source material of the perovskite and ilmenite clinopyroxenites. 相似文献
747.
Detecting areal changes in tidal flats after sea dike construction using Landsat-TM images 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Moon Seong Kang Sang June Im Tae Il Jang Seung Woo Park Sang Min Kim 《Journal of Earth System Science》2007,116(6):561-573
The main objective of this study was to estimate changes in the area of tidal flats that occurred after sea dike construction
on the western coast of South Korea using Landsat-TM images. Applying the ISODATA method of unsupervised classification for
Landsat-TM images, the tidal flats were identified, and the resulting areas were quantified for each image. The area of tidal
flats from a topographic map published in one year differs significantly from that shown in another, which appears to be attributable
to the tide levels at the time of aerial photography. During the study period, the area of tidal flats, as estimated from
Landsat-TM images, increased by 4.57 km2 per year in the study areas. The tidal flats in the inner sea of Chunsu Harbor area increased by 200 m2 per zone, while the accumulation for a number of inner sea areas within Asan Harbor area occurred at over 50m2 per zone. The results of this research may serve as the basis of an environmentallyfriendly development plan for tidal flats. 相似文献
748.
749.
On Nov. 9, 1996 at 21h56min (Beijing Time), an earthquake of MS=6.1 occurred in offshore outside the Yangtze River Mouth (31o43¢N, 123o04¢E). The shock affected Shanghai City and both Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in China mainly. The shock was felt more strongly in the Yangtze River Mouth and Hangzhou Bay area than in the rest of them, particularly in high buildings of Shanghai City. In addition, the earthquake was felt in South Korea and also stronger in apartments or high buildings. LIU, JIN (1998) and LIU, et al (1999) described effect of the shock on the eastern China. The paper describes the effect of the earthquake on South Korea and the whole intensity distribution in South Korea and eastern China. 相似文献
750.