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31.
近年来,银额盆地哈日凹陷的油气勘探呈现出良好的态势,但对于哈日凹陷油气成藏条件相关研究甚少,已不能满足目前油气勘探开发的需求。本研究基于钻录井、地球物理、分析化验等资料,系统分析哈日凹陷油气成藏的烃源岩、储层、圈闭等条件,总结油气成藏条件配置关系,以期为哈日凹陷的后续油气勘探及地质研究提供依据。哈日凹陷主要发育三套烃源岩,其中银根组烃源岩有机质丰度极高,成熟度较低,有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型;巴二段烃源岩有机质丰度较高,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型;巴一段烃源岩有机质丰度中等,成熟-高成熟,有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型。储层类型为砂(砾)岩常规储层、碳酸质泥岩非常规储层和火山岩储层,且均属于特低孔超低渗储层,其中砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层物性最好,白云岩储层和火成岩储层次之,目前主力油藏主要集中在砂、砾岩储层和灰质泥岩储层这两种类型中。哈日凹陷主要发育两套岩性圈闭,即巴一段砂岩岩性圈闭和巴二段泥岩岩性圈闭,形成了源内(准)连续成藏模式和近源不连续成藏模式。 相似文献
32.
LlPingxiang WANGZhijun 《地球空间信息科学学报》2003,6(2):31-34
On the basis of a thorough understanding of the physical characteristics of remote sensing image,this paper employs the theories of wavelet transform and signal sampling to develop a new image fusion algorithm.The algorithm has been successfully applied to the image fusion of SPOT PAN and TM of Guangdong province, China The experimental results show that a perfect image fusion can be built up by using the image analytical solution and reconstruction in the image frequency domain based on the physical characteristics of the image formation.The method has demonstrated that the results of the image fusion do not change spectral characteristics of the original image. 相似文献
33.
Any human-induced terrestrial sink is susceptible to the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen deposition, climate variability and other natural or indirect human-induced factors. It has been suggested in climate negotiations that the effects of these factors should be excluded from estimates of carbon sequestration used to meet the emission reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. This paper focuses on the methodologies for factoring out the effects of atmospheric and climate variability/change. We estimate the relative magnitude of the non-human induced effects by using two biosphere models and discuss possibilities for narrowing estimate uncertainty. 相似文献
34.
Jason?PatskoskiEmail authorView authors OrcID profile A.?Sankarasubramanian 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(4):1065-1083
Reservoir sizing is one of the most important aspects of water resources engineering as the storage in a reservoir must be sufficient to supply water during extended droughts. Typically, observed streamflow is used to stochastically generate multiple realizations of streamflow to estimate the required storage based on the Sequent Peak Algorithm (SQP). The main limitation in this approach is that the parameters of the stochastic model are purely derived from the observed record (limited to less than 80 years of data) which does not have information related to prehistoric droughts. Further, reservoir sizing is typically estimated to meet future increase in water demand, and there is no guarantee that future streamflow over the planning period will be representative of past streamflow records. In this context, reconstructed streamflow records, usually estimated based on tree ring chronologies, provide better estimates of prehistoric droughts, and future streamflow records over the planning period could be obtained from general circulation models (GCMs) which provide 30 year near-term climate change projections. In this study, we developed paleo streamflow records and future streamflow records for 30 years are obtained by forcing the projected precipitation and temperature from the GCMs over a lumped watershed model. We propose combining observed, reconstructed and projected streamflows to generate synthetic streamflow records using a Bayesian framework that provides the posterior distribution of reservoir storage estimates. The performance of the Bayesian framework is compared to a traditional stochastic streamflow generation approach. Findings based on the split-sample validation show that the Bayesian approach yielded generated streamflow traces more representative of future streamflow conditions than the traditional stochastic approach thereby, reducing uncertainty on storage estimates corresponding to higher reliabilities. Potential strategies for improving future streamflow projections and its utility in reservoir sizing and capacity expansion projects are also discussed. 相似文献
35.
36.
The extensive spread ofPhragmites australis throughout brackish marshes on the East Coast of the United States is a major factor governing management and restoration
decisions because it is assumed that biogeochemical functions are altered by the invasion. Microbial activity is important
in providing wetland biogeochemical functions such as carbon and nitrogen cycling, but there is little known about sediment
microbial communities inPhragmites marshes. Microbial populations associated with invasivePhragmites vegetation and with native salt marsh cordgrass,Spartina alterniflora, may differ in the relative abundance of microbial taxa (community structure) and in the ability of this biota to decompose
organic substrates (community biogeochemical function). This study compares sediment microbial communities associated withPhragmites andSpartina vegetation in an undisturbed brackish marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey (MUL), and in a brackish marsh in the anthropogenically
affected Hackensack meadowlands (SMC). We use phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and enzymataic activity to profile sediment
microbial communities associated with both plants in each site. Sediment analyses include bulk density, total organic matter,
and root biomass. PLFA profiles indicate that the microbial communities differ between sites with the undisturbed site exhibiting
greater fatty acid richness (62 PLFA recovered from MUL versus 38 from SMC). Activity of the 5 enzymes analyzed (β-glucosidase,
acid phosphatase, chitobiase, and 2 oxidases) was higher in the undisturbed site. Differences between vegetation species as
measured by Principal Components Analysis were significantly greater at the undisturbed MUL site than at SMC, and patterns
of enzyme activity and PLFAs did not correspond to patterns of root biomass. We suggest that in natural wetland sediments,
macrophyte rhizosphere effects influence the community composition of sediment microbial populations. Physical and chemical
site disturbances may impose limits on these rhizosphere effects, decreasing sediment microbial diversity and potentially,
microbial biogeochemical functions. 相似文献
37.
Daisy?Arroyo Xavier?EmeryEmail author 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(7):1583-1592
This paper addresses the problem of simulating multivariate random fields with stationary Gaussian increments in a d-dimensional Euclidean space. To this end, one considers a spectral turning-bands algorithm, in which the simulated field is a mixture of basic random fields made of weighted cosine waves associated with random frequencies and random phases. The weights depend on the spectral density of the direct and cross variogram matrices of the desired random field for the specified frequencies. The algorithm is applied to synthetic examples corresponding to different spatial correlation models. The properties of these models and of the algorithm are discussed, highlighting its computational efficiency, accuracy and versatility. 相似文献
38.
From the latest Precambrian to the Early Cambrian was the most important phase throughout the evolutionary history of life on the earth. The diversification of latest Precambrian multicellular organisms was obvious and some of them began to form primary s… 相似文献
39.
LIU Feng HU Fei & ZHU Jiang . College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China . LAPC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(8):1270-1279
The deterioration of air quality is threatening the life and health of people. Scientists in China and other countries have done a great deal of research work on the details of air pollution and the methods of preven-tion and control during the past decades. Up to now, most of the achievements are concentrated on the techniques of controlling pollutant sources and the programs of reduction, which focus on the improve-ment of air quality and the restoration of environment. The techniques of con… 相似文献
40.
Karst aquifers are often protected by a thin mantle of unconsolidated sediment. Soil pipes and sinkholes may breach this natural protective barrier and open pathways for contaminants to quickly reach bedrock aquifers. Geophysical surveys offer a quick and noninvasive way to identify these features; such surveys may also be sequenced to reveal increasing detail in critical areas. At a study site in east-central Illinois, electromagnetic (EM) surveys mapped high conductivity anomalies over filled sinkholes and soil pipes that penetrated the unconsolidated cover. Two-dimensional inverted resistivity sections, made over these anomalies, depict filled sinkholes and soil pipes as conductive zones above deeply weathered bedrock fractures. Borings verified the geophysical models and suggest high conductivities associated with the filled sinkholes are the result of enhanced moisture near active soil pipes. EM surveys also identified conductive zones in the overburden above a probable bedrock fracture linking sinkhole areas 0.5 km apart. Resistivity and EM methods, used in a phased and sequential manner, thus proved useful in mapping filled sinkholes and in delineating the vertical and lateral connections between soil pipes and hydraulically active bedrock fractures. 相似文献