Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous Red beds from Eastern Part of South China Block

INTRODUCTIONCollisionofIndiawithAsiaappearstohavebroughtaboutlargetectonicdeformationofAsia,especiallyEastAsia(Tapponnieretal.,1986).Post-Cretaceousdeformation(translationand/orrotation)ofSimaoandIndochinablocks,whicharelocatedatthesouthernsideofRedRiverfault(RRF),hasbeenreportedfromCretaceouspaleomagneticin-vestigations(Yangetal.,l995;HuangandOpdyke,l993IYangandBesse,1993).AlsoinSouthChinablock(SCB)locatedatnorthsideoftheRRF,localdeformationofsomeregionsneartheRRFhasbeendocum…     

Determination of Selenium in Marine Aquatic Products by Hydride Generation-atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry （HG-AFS）

A method for the analysis of selenium in marine aquatic products by HG-AFS has been investigated. The method is based on the reduction of inorganic selenium to volatile SeH2 which is bubbled out by carrier gas of pure argon, and then swept to Ar-H2 flame quarts atomizer to measure its fluorescence intensity. The hydride generation, transportation, atomization and some instrumental parameters were studied by a kind of orthogonal design. The optimum conditions selected are as follows： reactive acidity, 20% HC1; the amount of NaBH4, 4.9mL; gas flow of argon, 600mLmin^-1; atomizing temperature, 200 ℃ ; negative high voltage, - 300V; light current, 100 mA; integral time, 7s. The detection limit of the presented method is 0.072μgL^-1 for selenium. The calibration curve shows a satisfactory line inthe concentration range from 0.000 to 1.000μgL^-1 Se. The recovery is 95.8%-102.2%.     

JHK s time-series observations of a few ultracool dwarfs

The M8.5 object SSSPM J0109−5101 has recently been shown to be both a periodic and a flaring variable, based on optical observations in the extreme red. More than 16 h of monitoring in the near-infrared (NIR) reported here failed to show any variability. Similarly, no NIR variability could be detected in intensive monitoring of three other suspected optical variables. This paper also reports on photometry of half a dozen targets monitored over a few weeks, and on the comparison of intensive monitoring at different epochs. In only one case, that of the T dwarf binary ε Indi Bab, is there good evidence for variability. Our results allow stringent limits to be placed on the NIR variability levels in a large sample of ultracool dwarfs.     

从悬浮质和沉降质的观点描述中国云南湖泊的化学动态变化

在对云南抚仙湖、星云湖和洱海3个高原湖怕进行地球化学和湖沼学调查，确定湖水中微粒的溶解浓度和化学成分，对沉降质和沉积物进行分析的基础上，对这些湖泊的化学动态变化进行了讨论。     

Effects of the Anticyclonic Eddies on Water Masses, Chemical Parameters and Chlorophyll Distributions in the Oyashio Current Region

Data from the R/V Mirai cruise (May–June 2000) have been examined to discover how mesoscale processes associated with eddy dynamics direct affect the water masses, the distributions and the vertical fluxes of the dissolved oxygen, nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon in the western subarctic Pacific. Using maps of the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll and sea-air pCO₂ difference we show that the boundaries of the anticyclone eddies in the study region were composed of high productivity coastal Oyashio water. The coastal waters were wrapped around the anticyclone eddies (thus creating a high productivity belt) and intruded inside of them. Using SeaWifs data we demonstrate that temporal variations in the position and the strength of anticyclone eddies advected the Kuril island coastal high productivity waters to the pelagic part, resulting in temporal variations of the chlorophyll in the Oyashio region. Computed vertical fluxes of the dissolved oxygen (DO), inorganic carbon (DIC) and silicate show that the anticylonic eddies in the Kuroshio-Oyashio Zone are characterized by enhanced vertical fluxes of the DO and DIC between the upper (σ_θ = 26.7–27.0) and lower (σ_θ = 27.1–27.5) intermediate layer, probably due to the intrusions of the Oyashio waters into the eddies. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Noble gas and oxygen isotope studies of aubrites: A clue to origin and histories

Noble gas measurements were performed for nine aubrites: Bishopville, Cumberland Falls, Mayo Belwa, Mount Egerton, Norton County, Peña Blanca Spring, Shallowater, ALHA 78113 and LAP 02233. These data clarify the origins and histories, particularly cosmic-ray exposure and regolith histories, of the aubrites and their parent body(ies). Accurate cosmic-ray exposure ages were obtained using the ⁸¹Kr-Kr method for three meteorites: 52 ± 3, 49 ± 10 and 117 ± 14 Ma for Bishopville, Cumberland Falls and Mayo Belwa, respectively. Mayo Belwa shows the longest cosmic-ray exposure age determined by the ⁸¹Kr-Kr method so far, close to the age of 121 Ma for Norton County. These are the longest ages among stony meteorites. Distribution of cosmic-ray exposure ages of aubrites implies 4-9 break-up events (except anomalous aubrites) on the parent body. Six aubrites show “exposure at the surface” on their parent body(ies): (i) neutron capture ³⁶Ar, ⁸⁰Kr, ⁸²Kr and/or ¹²⁸Xe probably produced on the respective parent body (Bishopville, Cumberland Falls, Mayo Belwa, Peña Blanca Spring, Shallowater and ALHA 78113); and/or (ii) chondritic trapped noble gases, which were likely released from chondritic inclusions preserved in the aubrite hosts (Cumberland Falls, Peña Blanca Spring and ALHA 78113). The concentrations of ¹²⁸Xe from neutron capture on ¹²⁷I vary among four measured specimens of Cumberland Falls (0.5-76 × 10⁻¹⁴ cm³STP/g), but are correlated with those of radiogenic ¹²⁹Xe, implying that the concentrations of (¹²⁸Xe)_n and (¹²⁹Xe)_rad reflect variable abundances of iodine among specimens. The ratios of (¹²⁸Xe)_n/(¹²⁹Xe)_rad obtained in this work are different for Mayo Belwa (0.045), Cumberland Falls (0.015) and Shallowater (0.001), meaning that neutron fluences, radiogenic ¹²⁹Xe retention ages, or both, are different among these aubrites. Shallowater contains abundant trapped Ar, Kr and Xe (2.2 × 10⁻⁷, 9.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 2.8 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm³STP/g, respectively) as reported previously (Busemann and Eugster, 2002). Isotopic compositions of Kr and Xe in Shallowater are consistent with those of Q (a primordial noble gas component trapped in chondrites). The Ar/Kr/Xe compositions are somewhat fractionated from Q, favoring lighter elements. Because of the unbrecciated nature of Shallowater, Q-like noble gases are considered to be primordial in origin. Fission Xe is found in Cumberland Falls, Mayo Belwa, Peña Blanca Spring, ALHA 78113 and LAP 02233. The majority of fission Xe is most likely ²⁴⁴Pu-derived, and about 10-20% seems to be ²³⁸U-derived at ¹³⁶Xe. The observed (¹³⁶Xe)_Pu corresponds to 0.019-0.16 ppb of ²⁴⁴Pu, from which the ²⁴⁴Pu/U ratios are calculated as 0.002-0.009. These ratios resemble those of chondrites and other achondrites like eucrites, suggesting that no thermal resetting of the Pu-Xe system occurred after ∼4.5 Ga ago. We also determined oxygen isotopic compositions for four aubrites with chondritic noble gases and a new aubrite LAP 02233. In spite of their chondritic noble gas signatures, oxygen with chondritic isotopic compositions was found only in a specimen of Cumberland Falls (Δ¹⁷O of ∼0.3‰). The other four aubrites and the other two measured specimens of Cumberland Falls are concurrent with the typical range for aubrites.     

砂土边坡深埋桩变形破坏的三维数值分析

利用三维弹塑性有限元,对砂土斜坡上刚性深埋桩水平载荷时的变形破坏进行了解析.在有限元解析中,考虑了砂土材料的低抗拉特点.结果表明,有限元计算所得到的桩基水平荷载与水平位移关系与现场实测值基本一致.此外,还利用三维有限元的解析结果,对深埋桩基随深度方向的土压与位移分布以及受压、受拉破坏的渐进性状态进行了合理的分析.     

Geochemical and isotopic evidence for seawater contamination of the hydrothermal system of Taal Volcano, Luzon, the Philippines

 The hydrologic structure of Taal Volcano has favored development of an extensive hydrothermal system whose prominent feature is the acidic Main Crater Lake (pH<3) lying in the center of an active vent complex, which is surrounded by a slightly alkaline caldera lake (Lake Taal). This peculiar situation makes Taal prone to frequent, and sometimes catastrophic, hydrovolcanic eruptions. Fumaroles, hot springs, and lake waters were sampled in 1991, 1992, and 1995 in order to develop a geochemical model for the hydrothermal system. The low-temperature fumarole compositions indicate strong interaction of magmatic vapors with the hydrothermal system under relatively oxidizing conditions. The thermal waters consist of highly, moderately, and weakly mineralized solutions, but none of them corresponds to either water–rock equilibrium or rock dissolution. The concentrated discharges have high Na contents (>3500 mg/kg) and low SO₄/Cl ratios (<0.3). The Br/Cl ratio of most samples suggests incorporation of seawater into the hydrothermal system. Water and dissolved sulfate isotopic compositions reveal that the Main Crater Lake and spring discharges are derived from a deep parent fluid (T≈300  °C), which is a mixture of seawater, volcanic water, and Lake Taal water. The volcanic end member is probably produced in the magmatic-hydrothermal environment during absorption of high-temperature gases into groundwater. Boiling and mixing of the parent water give rise to the range of chemical and isotopic characteristics observed in the thermal discharges. Incursion of seawater from the coastal region to the central part of the volcano is supported by the low water levels of the lakes and by the fact that Lake Taal was directly connected to the China sea until the sixteenth century. The depth to the seawater-meteoric water interface is calculated to be 80 and 160 m for the Main Crater Lake and Lake Taal, respectively. Additional data are required to infer the hydrologic structure of Taal. Geochemical surveillance of the Main Crater Lake using the SO₄/Cl, Na/K, or Mg/Cl ratio cannot be applied straightforwardly due to the presence of seawater in the hydrothermal system. Received: 12 February 1997 / Accepted: 26 January 1998     

Shear velocity and density of an attenuating earth

The dispersion that must accompany absorption is taken into account in many recent body-wave investigations but has been largely ignored in surface-wave and free-oscillation studies. In order to compare body-wave and free-oscillation data a correction must be made to travel times or periods to account for absorption-related physical dispersion. The correction depends on the frequency and Q of the data and can be as high as 1% which is much larger than the uncertainty of the raw data. Corrected toroidal mode data is inverted to obtain shear velocity and density versus depth. The average shear velocity in the upper 600 km is ～2% greater than obtained from the uncorrected data. The resulting shear-wave travel times oscillate about the Jeffreys-Bullen values with an average baseline of only +0.5 second. Thus, the discrepancy between body-wave and free-oscillation studies is eliminated.     

Variation of seismic source parameters and stress drops within a descending slab and its implications in plate mechanics

A least-squares searching technique has been developed to estimate the source dimensions of intermediate and deep focus earthquakes using azimuthal variations of body wave pulse-widths. With this method and also amplitude data, modes of rupture propagation, seismic moments, and stress drops of 17 intermediate and deep focus earthquakes in the Tonga-Kermadec region have been determined in order to investigate variations in source properties and the state of stress within the descending slab there. Three different modes of rupture; unilateral, bilateral, and circular faults, are compared and tested against observations. Results indicate that the unilateral fault is the best model for most of the earthquakes studied. Stress drops of the 17 events vary within a very large range, from 20 bar to about 4.6 kbar, and change significantly with depth. The magnitude of stress drops for depths between 220 and 430 km is very much higher than at shallower depths. This change in stress drop magnitude at about 220 km-depth seems to reflect a change in material properties both in the mantle and within the slab. Two regions of high stress drop are observed at depths of about 360 and 640 km. A relative minimum of stress drop is found at about 450–560 km where the earthquake frequency is particularly high. Earthquakes at the northern end to the Tonga arc, where the Benioff zone is laterally bent, show systematically higher stress drops than other events at comparable depths, but away from the bend. Also, events in regions of low seismicity appear to have higher stress drops than those in regions of high seismicity. The upper bound of seismic efficiency is found to decrease with depth, implying an increase of frictional force with depth at the earthquake source.