全文获取类型
收费全文 | 144篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1篇 |
大气科学 | 18篇 |
地球物理 | 40篇 |
地质学 | 50篇 |
海洋学 | 18篇 |
天文学 | 7篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 13篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 1篇 |
2014年 | 4篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 2篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 4篇 |
2003年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有149条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
71.
Conclusion L'évolution de la lithosphère ressortit de phénomènes cosmiques, les uns liés au système solaire dans son ensemble, d'autres spécifiques à la Terre (l'atmosphère, l'eau, p.e.). Elle appartient au règne minéral et progresse souvent par cycles. L'évolution de la biosphère est liée à celles des sphères externes de la Terre, mais l'instabilité de la matière vivante et de la vie qui la constituent lui confère une polarité, celle de l'Evolution organique, laquelle procède dans un sens progressif, en laissant de coté les Êtres remplacés par de plus performants. L'évolution de la lithosphère a influé sur celle de la biosphère parce qu'elle lui fournit ses milieux de vie favorables à certains progrès ou hâtant les éliminations. L'évolution synchrone de la biosphère, en influant sur la composition de l'atmosphère et de l'hydrosphère, a joué un rÔle important dans la composition des sédiments et de la surface de la lithosphère. 相似文献
72.
Emissions of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by savanna fires 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pierre Masclet Hélène Cachier Catherine Liousse Henri Wortham 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,22(1-2):41-54
Although Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known as anthropogenic compounds arising from the combustion or the pyrolysis of fossil fuels, they may be also emitted by the combustion of vegetation. A field study was carried out in January 1991 at Lamto (Ivory Coast) as part of the FOS DECAFE experiment (Fire Of Savanna). Some ground samplings were devoted to the qualitative and quantitative characterization of atmospheric emissions by savanna fires during prescribed burns and under background conditions. Specific collections for gaseous and particulate PAHs have shown that the African practice of burning the savanna biomass during the winter months is an important source of PAHs. These compounds are emitted mainly in gaseous form but a significant fraction, essentially heavy PAHs, is associated with fine carbonaceous particles and can therefore represent a hazard for human health, since some of these compounds are mutagenic and carcinogenic. Twelve compounds were identified during the fire episodes and in the atmospheric background. The total concentration in the fires is of the order of 10 ng m–3 for the gas phase and from 0.1 to 1 ng m–3 in the aerosols. In the atmospheric background the mean concentrations are regular, 0.15 ng m–3 and 2 pg m–3, respectively. These concentrations are comparable with what is observed in European rural zones. The particulate emissions of PAHs by the savanna fires are distinguished by the abundance of some compounds which can be considered as tracers, although they are also slightly emitted by fossil fuel sources. These compounds are essentially pyrene, chrysene and coronene. In the gas phase, although no individual PAH may be considered as specific of the biomass combustion emissions, the relative abundances of the main PAHs are characteristic of the biomass burning. The concentrations of pyrene and fluorene are always predominant; these compounds could be considered as characteristic emission products of smoldering and flaming episodes, respectively. In the background the PAH composition shows that in a tropical region the air consists of a mixture coming from the various sources, but the biomass combustion is by far the most important source.The fluxes of total PAH emitted by savanna biomass burning in Africa were estimated to be of the order of 17 and 600 ton yr–1, respectively, for the particulate PAHs and the gaseous PAHs, respectively. 相似文献
73.
Xiuzhang Zhang Don L. Boyer Gabriel Chabert d'Hires Denis Aelbrecht Henri Didelle 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1993,19(1-4)
Laboratory experiments are conducted on a physical system in which an oscillatory, along-shore, free stream flow of a homogeneous fluid occurs in the vicinity of a long coastline with vertical slope; the model sea-floor is horizontal. Particular attention is given to the resulting rectified (mean) current which is along the coastline with the shore on the right, facing downstream. In the lateral far field region defined by
(1), where y is the offshore coordinate and H is the depth of the fluid, the motion field is approximately independent of the lateral distance from the coast. The vertical structure of the cross-stream motion in this region consists of Ekman layers near the sea-floor and interior adjustment flows, both periodic in time. In the near field, defined by
(1), the motion is strongly dependent on the cross-stream coordinate as well as time, and rectified currents are observed. The mechanism responsible for the rectification is a complex nonlinear coupling between laterally directed adjustment flows driven by the transport in the bottom Ekman layers, and the free stream motion field. The rectified current is found to be substantially wider than the Stewartson layer thickness but much narrower than the Rossby deformation radius. The characteristic width, δy, of the rectified current is shown to scale as
, where Ro is the Rossby number Rot is the temporal Rossby number and E is the Ekman number. Experiments are presented which support this scaling. 相似文献
74.
75.
Deccan flood basalts at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary? 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Vincent Courtillot Jean Besse Didier Vandamme Raymond Montigny Jean-Jacques Jaeger Henri Cappetta 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1986,80(3-4):361-374
Joint consideration of new paleomagnetic, paleontological and geochronological data from the Deccan continental flood basalts in India and critical discussion of earlier results lead us to suggest that volcanic activity may have lasted less than 1 Ma, thus possibly ranking as one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in the last 200 Ma. Available data are best satisfied if volcanism spanned the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, followed shortly afterwards by rifting of the Arabian Sea. These results point out the need for further work which may help in choosing between “external” and “internal” models of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary events. 相似文献
76.
Seven piston cores retrieved from the Algerian margin from Oran to 80 km east of Algiers were studied to identify sediment gravity-flow deposits and their sources. At the foot of the slope, five sediment cores indicate a decreasing frequency of turbidite sequences from the transgressive systems tract to the highstand systems tract resulting in lower off-shelf sediment fluxes during the last highstand episode. There is an approximately log-normal frequency distribution of bed thickness that increases for larger grain-size class, but this relationship is frequently altered by truncation of the top of the turbidite sequence. In the deep basin off Algeria, two sediment cores indicate that turbidite sequences are both thicker and more preserved than at the foot of the slope and are observed through the entire sediment core implying various origin of the gravity flow (eustatic change, seismicity). 相似文献
77.
Henri Leclère Martine Buatier Delphine Charpentier Jean-Pierre Sizun Pierre Labaume Thibault Cavailhes 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2012,105(2):299-312
The Restefond fault, located in the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene Alpine foreland basin, affects the well lithified and low porosity Grès d??Annot. The fault core zone is characterized by the occurrence of highly deformed sandstone lenses. Deformation inside the lenses corresponds to mm to sub-mm-spaced cleavage planes rich in phyllosilicates and up to cm-thick and dm-long quartz-calcite pure extensional veins. The cleavages are mostly composed of newly-formed synkinematic white mica and chlorite. By using thermodynamic thermometers based on the chemical composition of chlorite, a temperature of 200?±?20?°C of fault activity was computed. This temperature shows that the Restefond fault was active at burial conditions comprised between 6.5 and 8?km, assuming a mean geothermal gradient between 25 and 30?°Ckm?1. The petrophysic properties of sandstones from the core zone and in the hanging and foot wall of the fault were determined on drilled plugs following three spacial directions. The permeability of the highly deformed sandstone from the core zone is about one order of magnitude higher than in the host rock. This increase in permeability occurs in the direction parallel to the S?CC structures and is explained by the occurrence of well-connected micropores localized between platy phyllosilicates. This study shows that the fault petrophysic properties are mostly controlled by the precipitation of synkinematic phyllosilicates under deep burial conditions. 相似文献
78.
Christophe Lavaysse Arona Diedhiou Henri Laurent Thierry Lebel 《Climate Dynamics》2006,27(2-3):319-332
Janicot and Sultan (Geophys Res Lett 28(3):523–526, 2001) and Sultan et al. (J Clim 16(21):3389–3406, 2003) showed evidence of an intraseasonal signal of Sahelian rainfall corresponding to wet and dry sequences of the West African Monsoon. Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, NOAA outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and observed daily rainfall over West Africa from 1968 to 1990, this paper investigates the variability of 3 to 5-day African Easterly Waves (AEWs), convection and their relationship with rainfall in these wet and dry sequences. The mean daily value rainfall during wet sequences is twice the mean value during dry sequences but the number of dry or wet sequences per year is not correlated with the annual rainfall. Wet sequences account for 39% of the annual accumulated rainfall while dry sequences account for 22%. The number of 3 to 5-day AEWs increases during wet years in wet sequences and the activity tends to be larger during wet years in both wet and dry sequences. These AEWs explain 40% of the accumulated rainfall during wet sequences whereas they contribute to 26% of the accumulated rainfall observed during dry sequences. Generally, they contribute to the increase of rainfall during these sequences. Mean convection is stronger and there are twice as many low OLR days (<225W/m2) during wet than dry sequences. The mean rainfall for days with high convective activity (convective days) is also twice as great during wet sequences. Rainfall that occurs during days without low OLR (weak convection with warm cloud tops or isolated deep convection) contributes to 69% of the total rainfall during dry sequences and 45% during wet sequences. A composite study was performed from day D
0−10 to day D
0+10 in each sequence. Wet (dry) sequences of the African monsoon start with a decrease (slight increase) of the negative meridional Ertel Potential Vorticity (PV) gradient at 700 hPa, associated with an increase (decrease) of the spectral density of AEWs. During the wet sequence, the African Easterly Jet (AEJ), detected by 700 hPa zonal wind, decreases and moves northward, whereas the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ), detected at 200 hPa, increases and shifts southward. Convective activity increases from D
0−6 to D
0−3 and remains high for 4 days in wet sequences. The daily rainfall increases (decreases) between D
0−6 and D
0 and returns to the mean value at D
0+4 for wet (dry) sequences. 相似文献
79.
Yoshihide Ohta Alexander N. Larionov Alexander M. Tebenkov Claude Lepvrier Henri Maluski Michael Lange Barbara Hellebrandt 《Polar research》2002,21(1):73-89
North-west Spitsbergen consists of a complex of Caledonian and Grenvillian crystalline rocks, situated at the north-west corner of the Barents Shelf. The aim of this study is to understand the extent of pre-Caledonian basement rocks and their protoliths. Micas and zircon grains from six rocks from north-west Spitsbergen have been dated by the 40 Ar/39 Ar and single-zircon Pb-evaporation methods. Two grey granites yielded Late Caledonian mica 40 Ar/39 Ar and zircon ages of ca. 420-430 My, with inherited zircon grains as old as 1725 My. Zircon grains from a gneissose granite xenolith in a grey granites gave crystallization ages of ca. 960 My; some grains from a migmatite neosome show similar ages. Zircon grains yielding Archean and late Palaeoproterozoic ages (1600-1800 My) are interpreted as xenocrysts of detrital origin. The youngest ages obtained from detrital zircon grains from a greenschist facies quartzite of the Signehamna unit are ca. 1800 My. Similar schists are included as xenoliths in the 960 My old gneissose granite; therefore, the sedimentary protoliths of the unit are Mesoproterozoic. The dating results suggest a significant tectonothermal event during Grenvillian time; subsequent Caledonian events had less extensive thermal effects. However, it is still a matter of debate whether Grenvillian or Caledonian metamorphism produced the majority of the migmatites. A large population of zircon grains with Late Palaeoproterozoic ages suggests a wide surface exposure of rocks of this age in the source area, with some Archean zircons. 相似文献
80.
J. Rodriguez A. Bodaghee P. Kaaret J.A. Tomsick E. Kuulkers G. Malaguti P.-O. Petrucci C. Cabanac M. Chernyakova S. Corbel S. Deluit G. Di Cocco K. Ebisawa A. Goldwurm G. Henri F. Lebrun A. Paizis R. Walter L. Foschini 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,366(1):274-282
We report on observations of the X-ray pulsar IGR J16320−4751 (also known as AX J1631.9−4752) performed simultaneously with International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory ( INTEGRAL ) and XMM–Newton . We refine the source position and identify the most likely infrared counterpart. Our simultaneous coverage allows us to confirm the presence of X-ray pulsations at ∼1300 s, that we detect above 20 keV with INTEGRAL for the first time. The pulse fraction is consistent with being constant with energy, which is compatible with a model of polar accretion by a pulsar. We study the spectral properties of IGR J16320−4751 during two major periods occurring during the simultaneous coverage with both satellites, namely a flare and a non-flare period. We detect the presence of a narrow 6.4 keV iron line in both periods. The presence of such a feature is typical of supergiant wind accretors such as Vela X-1 or GX 301−2. We inspect the spectral variations with respect to the pulse phase during the non-flare period, and show that the pulse is solely due to variations of the X-ray flux emitted by the source and not due to variations of the spectral parameters. Our results are therefore compatible with the source being a pulsar in a High Mass X-ray Binary. We detect a soft excess appearing in the spectra as a blackbody with a temperature of ∼0.07 keV. We discuss the origin of the X-ray emission in IGR J16320−4751: while the hard X-rays are likely the result of Compton emission produced in the close vicinity of the pulsar, based on energy argument we suggest that the soft excess is likely the emission by a collisionally energized cloud in which the compact object is embedded. 相似文献