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941.
Based on observations from a dense broadband seismic array located along the northeastern (NE) margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southeastern Gansu Province,we use receiver functions (RFs) to pick the arrival times of P-to-S converted waves and bin the traces in different grids according to the piercing points of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities in the upper mantle.The depths of the two discontinuities are estimated by the ray tracing method with the IASP91 velocity model and a 3-D tomography model.The results indicate the following:(1) The arrival times of the P410s and P660s converted phases are delayed by approximately 1 s than those predicted by the IASP91 model.The mantle transition zone (MTZ) is thicker than that in the global model.(2) The synchronous lags in the P410s and P660s arrival times are consistent with low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle,which are believed to result mainly from the eastward migration of materials beneath the NE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.(3) Combined with previous tomography results,the depression of the'660'discontinuity and the thickened MTZ are somewhat consistent with the big mantle wedge (BMW) model.However,due to data limitations,more studies are required to explore the BMW in the future. 相似文献
942.
Wang Daichun You Wei Zang Zengliang Pan Xiaobin He Hongrang Liang Yanfei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(9):1366-1380
A three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation(DA) system is presented here based on a size-resolved sectional aerosol model, the Model for Simulating Aerosol Interactions and Chemistry(MOSAIC) within the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled to Chemistry(WRF-Chem) model. The use of this approach means that both gaseous pollutants such as SO_2, NO_2, CO, and O_3 as well as particulate matter(PM_(2.5), PM_(10)) observational data can be assimilated simultaneously.Two one-month parallel simulation experiments were conducted, one with the assimilation of surface hourly concentration observations of the above six pollutants released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre(CNEMC) and one without assimilation in order to verify the impact of assimilation on initial chemical fields and subsequent forecasts. Results show that, in the first place, use of the DA system can provide a more accurate model initial field. The root-mean-square error of PM_(2.5), PM_(10), SO_2, NO_2, CO, and O_3 mass concentrations in analysis field fell by 29.27 μg m~(-3)(53.5%), 34.5 μg m~(-3)(50.9%),30.36 μg m~(-3)(64.2%), 8.91 μg m~(-3)(39.5%), 0.46 mg m~(-3)(47.4%), and 15.11 μg m~(-3)(51.0%), respectively, compared to a background field without assimilation. At the same time, mean fraction error was reduced by 42.6%, 53.1%, 45.2%, 43.1%,69.9%, and 48.8%, respectively, while the correlation coefficient increased by 0.51, 0.55, 0.48, 0.38, 0.47, 0.65, respectively.Secondly, the results of this analysis reveal variable benefits from assimilation on different pollutants. DA significantly improves PM_(2.5), PM_(10), and CO forecasts leading to positive effects that last more than 48 h. The positive effects of DA on SO_2 and O_3 forecasts last up to 8 h but that remains relatively poor for NO_2 forecasts. Thirdly, the influence of assimilation varies in different areas. It is possible that the positive effects of DA on PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) forecasts can last more than 48 h across most regions of China. Indeed, DA significantly improves SO_2 forecasts within 48 h over north China, and much longer CO assimilation benefits(48 h) are found in most regions apart from north and east China and across the Sichuan Basin. DA is able to improve O_3 forecasts within 48 h across China with the exception of southwest and northwest regions and the O_3 DA benefits in southern China are more evident, while from a spatial distribution perspective, NO_2 DA benefits remain relatively poor. 相似文献
943.
Forests are important parts of terrestrial ecosystems and play a leading role in regional and global nitrogen(N) cycles.Detailed assessment of N storage and allocation in China's forests is critical to improve the accuracy of regional or global N estimates and to guide policy-makers in the formulation of scientific and effective N management measures. However, the fore stN storage at national scale remains unclear. Based on 4420 forest field-investigated data, we investigated the N storage allocation in China's forests, explored the spatial patterns and influence factors. The data included vegetation information on various organs(i.e., leaf, branch, stem, and root) and soil information at different depths(0-30 cm and 0-100 cm). The total N storage in China's forest ecosystems was 14.45±8.42 tN hm~(–2); 0.86±0.51 tN hm~(–2)(5.95%) in vegetation and 13.59±8.40 tN hm~(–2)(94.05%) in soil(0–100 cm). The storage and allocation of N varied significantly across various regions and forest types. For different ecological regions, N storage varied from 10.34 to 23.11 tN hm~(–2), and the allocation ratio of N storage between vegetation and soil(0–100 cm) varied from 0.03 to 0.16. For different forest types, the N storage varied from 12.87 to 18.32 tN hm~(–2), and the allocation ratio of N storage between vegetation and soil(0–100 cm) varied from 0.03 to 0.09. The spatial patterns relative to N storage and allocation in forests were different. Climate was the primary factor influencing the spatial variation in forestN storage, while soil texture was the main factor influencing the spatial variation in N allocation. These first estimates of N storage and allocation ratio in China's forests are keys for improving the fitting accuracy of regional N cycle models and provide a reference for regional management of forestN. 相似文献
944.
Wang Qiang Zhao Minghui Zhang Haoyu Zhang Jiazheng He Enyuan Yuan Ye Qiu Xuelin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(11):1791-1806
Science China Earth Sciences - The deep crustal structure of the Northwest Sub-basin (NWSB) of the South China Sea (SCS) is of great importance for understanding the tectonic nature of the... 相似文献
945.
Over the past decades, there have been hot debates in the geodynamic community regarding to the deep evolution mechanisms of Cenozoic volcanism in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB). Of all the constraints available, high resolution structure of upper mantle discontinuities, especially the discontinuities at depths of 410 km(D410) and 660 km(D660), is of the most important, which may provide reliable clues on the magma channel as well as its evolution. In this work, we adopt the common conversion point stacking technique with teleseismic radial P-wave receiver functions to examine the D410 and D660 discontinuities. The primary results exhibit that the major characteristics of the mantle transition zone(MTZ) obtained by different velocity models are largely consistent. Obviously elevated D410 and slightly depressed D660 are observed beneath the Hannuoba Volcano, suggesting possible delamination of the local lithosphere deposited at the D410. This process may induce upwelling of the asthenospheric materials filling the space left by the delaminated lithosphere, and subsequently trigger volcanic eruptions. Strong depressions are observed at both D410 and D660 depths beneath west of the Dariganga Volcano, and the depression of D660 is more pronounced. It leads to the apparently thickened MTZ, indicating the presence of cold material at the D660. This cold material is speculated as a stagnant slab from the subducted Pacific Plate or the remains of a detached island arc system from the collision and formation of the CAOB. Slightly thinner MTZ is found beneath the Hentey Mountains and the Middle Gobi Volcano. Apparently, this thinner MTZ is not significant enough to support the existence of high thermal anomalies,which may rule out the possibility of large-scale hot material upwelling from either the local MTZ or even the lower mantle. 相似文献
946.
947.
对2002年6月21~23日发生在黄海-长江流域梅雨锋上的一系列由中尺度对流系统(MCS)引起的强对流天气过程进行了云顶辐射亮温(TBB)和天气形势、气象要素等的诊断分析.结果表明梅雨锋上的MCS是造成这次长江流域产生暴雨甚至大暴雨级强降水的主要系统;MCS的强降水中心(区)与TBB≤-32℃的频率FM、TBB≤-52℃的频率Fs高值中心(区)关系密切,由FM和Fs可以相当明显地反映降水的总体特征,而且比使用TBB低值中心(区)来反映降水的总体特征能力要强;地面的梅雨锋、低层的切变线、对流层上层的高压这种上下层系统的配置十分有利于强对流天气的发生. 相似文献
948.
无定河流域位于黄土高原与毛乌素沙地过渡带,水土流失严重,生态环境具有脆弱性和波动性。于2021年春季(4月)和秋季(10月)对无定河流域上、中、下游及其6条支流和流域内的3个淤地坝开展水生态系统调查,旨在厘清无定河流域底栖动物群落特征,构建底栖动物生物完整性指数并开展健康评价。无定河流域春季共采集到底栖动物105种,平均密度为181 ind./m2,平均生物量为0.760 g/m2,秋季共采集到底栖动物67种,平均密度为94 ind./m2,平均生物量为0.454 g/m2。通过对两季度研究区域内底栖动物27个生物参数开展分布范围检验、判别能力分析和相关性分析,构建无定河流域底栖动物生物完整性指数,对全流域40个样点(6个参照点和34个受损点)进行B-IBI健康评价。评价结果表明,总体上无定河流域底栖动物生物完整性较好,40个样点中春季有19个处于健康或亚健康状态,秋季有23个处于健康或亚健康状态,其中无定河上、中游干支流大都以健康和亚健康为主,无定河下游干支流以及3个淤地坝水体健康状况较差。在不同水土流失类型区域,底栖动物群落特征和生物完整性评价具有显著性差异。本研究结果可为无定河流域河流健康评估提供科学依据。 相似文献
949.
Ficolin是一类含FBG结构域的蛋白,在动物免疫防御中发挥重要作用。无脊椎动物中,Ficolin主要作为模式识别受体和免疫效应分子发挥免疫功能。本研究从毛蚶中克隆获得一条Ficolin基因(命名为SsFic1),该基因编码区序列长度为897 bp,编码298个氨基酸,推测的蛋白含有典型的FBG结构域和Coiled coil结构域,但未发现胶原样结构域。SsFic1的mRNA在毛蚶各组织中广泛分布,其中在肝胰腺和鳃中表达丰度较高,但SsFic1转录产物在卵细胞和四细胞期未检测到,说明该基因不是母源性免疫基因。副溶血弧菌和脂多糖、葡聚糖等免疫刺激物均可诱导SsFic1显著上调表达。利用RNAi技术抑制SsFic1基因表达,酚氧化酶激活因子PAF和补体相关基因(C1qDC、补体C3和Fic3)的表达量及CAT、SOD和PO的酶活力均显著下降,而TEP、C1q2和Fic2等基因的表达显著上调。敲降SsFic1表达后,感染副溶血弧菌后毛蚶血细胞数量和吞噬能力均显著低于对照组,这也是RNAi实验组毛蚶死亡率和血细胞凋亡率显著升高的原因。综上,SsFic1可能通过调控补体通路和酚氧化酶原激活通路参与毛蚶免疫防御反应,这对贝类免疫学研究及抗病新品系的选育具有重要意义。 相似文献
950.
This article presents a computer simulation of stress distribution around tunnels and interaction between tunnels using an elasto-plastic model. A finite element method using ANSYS software has been used for the analyses of one and two tunnels at different overburden depths with different separating distances between the tunnels. The results of numerical analyses indicate that stress distribution and stress concentration around the tunnels vary with the overburden depths. It is found that the coefficients of stress concentration for elasto-plastic medium are smaller than those for elastic one by 1.9%. Furthermore, the interaction between the two tunnels rapidly decreases with the increase of separation distance between them. In addition, for quantitatively describing the interaction between the two tunnels, a critical separation distance is introduced. The critical separation distances between the two tunnels at different overburden depths are 8 m, 12 m, and 14 m respectively. This fact is very important and essential for the design of mining tunnels and to ensure safety in tunnel engineering. 相似文献