周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体生长、体组成及氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响

采用持续投喂(对照组C)和周期性饥饿1d再投喂5d(S1F5)、周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d(S2F4)、周期性饥饿3d再投喂3d(S3F3)4种投喂策略,研究了周期性饥饿再投喂对曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)幼体(10.16±0.25g)的生长、体组成、氨基酸和脂肪酸的影响。结果表明:S3F3处理组中体重增重率、胴体长增长率及成活率三个指标均分别显著低于对照组C(P0.05),而S1F5和S2F4处理组三个指标均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,随着周期性饥饿时间的延长,体组成水分含量呈显著上升趋势(P0.05),而粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均呈显著下降趋势(P0.05),灰分含量变化不显著(P0.05)。三个处理组中氨基酸总量(T)、必需氨基酸总量(E)均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05);EPA、DPA和DHA含量均与对照组C差异不显著(P0.05)。综合上述结果表明,S1F5和S2F4组的曼氏无针乌贼幼体均出现了完全补偿生长,并且对其营养组成没有影响,建议曼氏无针乌贼幼体的最佳投喂模式为周期性饥饿2d再投喂4d。     

Growth inhibition and oxidative stress in two species of marine diatoms exposed to 1-phenylethanol

1-phenylethanol (1-PEA) is a flavor extensively used in the production of cosmetics, beverages, and food. The release of 1-PEA into coastal environments has aroused great concern. However, its potential effects on marine organisms are still unknown. In order to provide a better understanding of the ecological risks of 1-PEA in marine environments, this study determined the toxic effects of 1-PEA on two marine diatoms (Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Skeletonema costatum). The diatoms were grown in culture medium containing different concentrations of 1-PEA for 96 h. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured at the end of the exposure period. 1-PEA was shown to significantly inhibit the growth of diatoms, with 96-h EC50 values of 257.14 mg/Land 126.46 mg/L in P. tricornutum and S. costatum, respectively. In P. tricornutum, the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and MDA were stimulated only when 1-PEA concentrations were close to or greater than the 96-h EC50 value. However, in S. costatum, the activities of SOD and CAT, and the syntheses of two chlorophylls were inhibited even at an exposure concentration below the 96-h EC50 value. Taken together, these findings indicate a potential ecological risk by discharging 1-PEA into coastal areas and its species-specific toxic effects on marine organisms.     

张力腿平台总体响应分析方法研究

张力腿平台 ( TLP ) 作为典型的深水顺应式平台,其总体响应分析对于平台设计过程至关重要.分析技术关系到计算效率和相关耦合效应的处理,本文介绍了张力腿平台的基本结构及其运动特点,分析了平台总体响应分析的基本方法,包括频域分析和时域分析的方法,将不同的分析技术相结合,提供了不同的分析策略,为张力腿平台总体响应分析的深入研究提供了一定的基础.     

带横隔板局部开孔沉箱在斜向波作用下的受力研究

基于线性势流假定,对斜向波作用下带横隔板局部开孔沉箱防波堤的水平波浪力进行了理论研究。给出了开孔沉箱法向水平力和横隔板受力的理论计算方法,在极限情况下波浪力的计算结果与文献中的已有结果一致。利用数值算例分析了开孔沉箱总水平力的主要影响因素。开孔沉箱法向总水平力的减小主要集中于结构上半部分波浪影响范围以内。增加单个开孔沉箱的长度有利于减小结构所受总水平波浪力。当波浪入射角或沉箱前开孔墙孔隙影响系数幅值较大时,开孔沉箱横隔板上总水平力的最大值要超过相应的沉箱法向总水平力,此时要注意横隔板的强度问题。     

The investigation on particulate organic carbon fluxes with disequilibria between thorium-234 and uranium-238 in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean

Dissolved and particulate thorium-234, particulate organic carbon in the upper 150 m of water columns from five stations in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean were determined during the 22nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （from November 2005 to March 2006 ）. The disequilibria between thorium-234 and its parent uranium-238 in upper layer was used to derive the averaged residence time of thorium-234, which decreased along with the latitude to the south and a minimum value, 1 - 8 d for particulate thorium-234 and 29 - 48 d for dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the medium latitude station, and the export fluxes of thorium-234 were calculated too and ＇a maximum value, 0. 35 -0. 63 Bq/（m^3 · d） for the particulate thorium-234 and 0. 44 -0. 65 Bq/ （m^3 ·d） for the dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the same station. The export fluxes of particulate organic carbon at different water columns were derived by two methods with irreversible scavenging model, and the averaged values were 104. 7 mmol/ （ m2 · d ） （ E method） and 120. 6 mmol/（ m2·d ） （ B method ）, respectively, indicating that a relatively high new production would exist in summer in the Prydz Bay where it will play a potential significant role in sequestering the absorption CO2 to deeper ocean.     

晚更新世以来古气候与海平面变化在东海地区的响应

第四纪特别是晚更新世以来气温的大幅度冷暖变化,导致全球海平面的变化,引起陆架海侵和海退。东海陆架的气候和海平面变化与全球变化基本同步。晚更新世以来,东海陆架随全球气候变化发育多次海进海退旋回。东海陆架上的古河道、古三角洲和潮流沙脊等沉积体系的形成和演化与海平面升降变化存在耦合关系。     

天津市滨海新区芦苇湿地恢复适宜性评价

利用综合评价模型,结合地理信息系统技术的空间分析功能,以土地利用、土壤类型、坡度、降雨量和人类干扰活动作为评价因子,对天津滨海新区芦苇湿地恢复进行了适宜性评价。结果表明,较适宜开展湿地恢复的比例为21.46%,一般适宜比例为21.87%,不适宜比例占56.68%,其中较适宜湿地恢复的区域集中分布在北大港湿地自然保护区周边、独流减河下游、北塘入海口以及沿海滩涂,海河流域两侧也有零星分布。在适宜性评价基础上,对未来芦苇湿地恢复与建设的重点区域进行了成效预评估,芦苇对TC、TN、TP的年吸收通量约为1.3935×104、0.0258×104、0.0017×104t,能有效地减少入海排污压力和污染物对近岸海域环境质量的影响。研究结论可为天津湿地治理与生态恢复、土地利用结构调整、景观优化等提供理论依据和科学参考。     

南黄海西部2007年4月的逆温跃层

利用南黄海西部2007-04的温盐实测资料,采用海洋层结谱表达法及自适应识别,得到逆温跃层的"五点三要素",形成强度要素平面分布图.分析表明,逆温跃层的存在与黄海暖流水有直接的关系:1)4月份,黄海暖流水受到的海面冷却仍是产生逆温跃层的普遍原因,在该海区黄海暖流向北延伸和向两侧拓展的区域都有该种类型的逆温跃层存在,位置相对较浅;2)但在偏南的黄海暖流主干区,海面冷却产生的效应被主流区的热量补充所抵消,逆温跃层很弱甚至消失,这是该月份逆温跃层分布区向北退缩并在南部中心附近呈现缺失区的主要原因;3)南下的鲁北沿岸流水的冷水叠加在黄海暖流水的暖水上方,使逆温跃层加强,使得冷暖水的作用区成为强逆温跃层区;4)黄海暖流左侧冷沿岸流水及右侧冷水的前端向黄海暖流楔入,其前端往往覆盖在底层高温高盐的黄海暖流水上方形成下逆温跃层,从而形成双逆温跃层.这些特点,较以前认知更加客观、全面、细致和准确.     

不同结构形式张力腿平台水动力参数比较分析

随着张力腿平台(TLP)在深海油气开发领域的广泛应用,在早期传统式(C-TLP)的基础上衍生出了多种结构形式,其中还有延展式(E-TLP)、最小化深海水面式(MOSES)和海之星式(SeaStar)已具备业界建造运营经验。为了体现TLP各类结构形式的性能特点,服务于工程开发方案中平台构型选择,本文基于三维势流理论频域方法,针对现已建造的4种TLP的水动力性能及相关参数进行了对比研究。首先,在质量惯性、结构刚度相似的条件下,完成了各类型平台的主尺度方案;其次,采用SESAM软件分析计算了各方案设计平台的附加质量、势流阻尼和运动响应幅值算子(RAO);最后的结果对比表明,不同结构形式对张力腿平台的固有周期影响很大,分散立柱形式的C-TLP与E-TLP的垂向运动响应更小。     

A study on one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system

Analytical solutions expressed using the hydraulic head for the one-dimensional consolidation of layered structured aquitard soils in a leakage system are deduced by transforming the n-layered structured soils into n + i (i = 1,2,…, n)-layered soils with gradually changing thicknesses, therein considering the behaviors of structured aquitard soils. The solutions are given in the case of instantaneous and linear decreasing confined aquifer water levels. By comparing three different examples, the effects of the structured behaviors on the consolidation characteristics are analyzed for the instantaneous decline of the confined aquifer water level.