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51.
52.
北京天竺晚上新世以来植被演替与气候变迁 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
研究了北京天竺TZ01钻孔岩心孢粉样品239块,孢粉组合反映了北京天竺晚上新世以来(约3.580 Ma BP)植被演替和气候变迁大致经历了10个发展阶段:(1) 3.580~3.050 Ma BP:以针叶林植被为主,气候寒冷偏湿;(2) 3.050~2.555 Ma BP:植被为落叶阔叶和常绿阔叶混交林-草原类型,该阶段开始升温,但气候较为温暖湿润;(3)2.555~2.300 Ma BP:植被为温凉偏干的疏林草原,湿度开始下降;(4) 2.300~1770 Ma BP:植被类型仍为疏林草原,该阶段温度上升,但幅度并不大,湿度基本不变,气候温凉干爽;(5) 1.770~1.070 Ma BP:植被类型为针阔混交林-草原,气候温暖湿润;(6) 1.070~0.922 Ma BP:植被演替为较暖湿略干的针阔混交林-草原;(7)0.922~0.800 Ma BP:植被为较寒冷干燥的疏林草原,温度降低,降水减少;(8) 0.800~0.650 Ma BP:植被为温暖偏干的以松为主的疏林草原,温度有所上升,但湿度变化较小;(9)0.650~0.160 Ma BP:植被为温凉湿润的针阔叶混交林-草原;(10) 0.160 Ma BP至今:植被以针阔叶混交林-草原为主,前期气候冷湿,后期较为温暖湿润。 相似文献
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54.
将大肠杆菌 O157:H7培养于低温贫养条件下 ,以涂布平板法 (PC)和最大近似值法(MPN)检测可培养细菌数 ,95~ 115d后表明可培养菌数下降为零。吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法(AODC)检测细菌总数 ,表明细菌总数始终变化不大 ,而活菌直接镜检计数 (DVC)检测到的活菌数保持在 10 6个 / m L。实验证明了大肠杆菌 O157:H7在一定的条件下可进入活的非可培养状态(VBNC)。 相似文献
55.
Leilei Kou Xiaoqing Wang Maosheng Xiang 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(1):1-12
Circular SAR imaging on the geosynchronous orbit is an innovative SAR imaging mode, which can perform high resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging with continuous observations for a large area. However, for geosynchronous satellites the orbit is severely disturbed by perturbing effects, and the orbit error will be an important factor influencing the SAR imaging on the geosynchronous orbit. In this paper, the effects of the orbit error on performances of 3D geosynchronous circular SAR (GEOCSAR) imaging are analyzed. The error model is firstly made, and then the orbit error propagating into the distance from the radar to the target (range) is derived. Furthermore, the effects of different components of the range error on the quality of focused SAR signals are deduced, based on the 3D GEOCSAR signal model with time-domain correlation algorithm. The analyses and simulations will quantify and verify the required accuracies of GEOCSAR orbit estimation for ensuring the 3D imaging quality. 相似文献
56.
The process of cutting homogeneous soft material has been investigated extensively. However, there are not so many studies on cutting heterogeneous brittle material. In this paper, R‐T2D (Rock and Tool interaction), based on the rock failure process analysis model, is developed to simulate the fracture process in cutting heterogeneous brittle material. The simulated results reproduce the process involved in the fragmentation of rock or rock‐like material under mechanical tools: the build‐up of the stress field, the formation of the crushed zone, surface chipping, and the formation of the crater and subsurface cracks. Due to the inclusion of heterogeneity in the model, some new features in cutting brittle material are revealed. Firstly, macroscopic cracks sprout at the two edges of the cutter in a tensile mode. Then with the tensile cracks releasing the confining pressure, the rock in the initially high confining pressure zone is compressed into failure and the crushed zone gradually comes into being. The cracked zone near the crushed zone is always available, which makes the boundary of the crushed zone vague. Some cracks propagate to form chipping cracks and some dip into the rock to form subsurface cracks. The chipping cracks are mainly driven to propagate in a tensile mode or a mixed tensile and shear mode, following curvilinear paths, and finally intersect with the free surface to form chips. According to the simulated results, some qualitative and quantitative analyses are performed. It is found that the back rake angle of the cutter has an important effect on the cutting efficiency. Although the quantitative analysis needs more research work, it is not difficult to see the promise that the numerical method holds. It can be utilized to improve our understanding of tool–rock interaction and rock failure mechanisms under the action of mechanical tools, which, in turn, will be useful in assisting the design of fragmentation equipment and fragmentation operations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
57.
In this paper, we present a family of general Newton-like methods with a parametric function for finding a zero of a univariate function, permittingf′(x)=0 in some points. The case of multiple roots is not treated. The methods are proved to be quadratically convergent provided the weak condition. Thus the methods remove the severe conditionf′ (x)≠0. Based on the general form of the Newton-like methods, a family of new iterative methods with a variable parameter are developed. 相似文献
58.
汶川地震中宝珠寺水电站遭受的地震烈度为8°(相当于水平峰值加速度0.2 g),远超过大坝的设计地震水平(0.1 g),震后大坝未见明显震损.为解释大坝在地震中的抗震现象,构建了坝址区三维模型.考虑坝体横缝非线性以及三个方向地震作用的不同组合方式,对汶川地震中大坝的动力响应进行有限元模拟.在此基础上,针对震后提高的抗震设防标准,进一步选取典型坝段,采用二维弹塑性方法对大坝进行抗震复核并分析可能的破坏模式.模拟结果表明:横河向地震分量起主导作用而顺河向地震作用相对较弱是宝珠寺重力坝在汶川地震中免于发生损坏的主要原因.坝顶混凝土发生挤压破碎缘于永久横缝在地震中高频渐开渐合行为引起的剧烈碰撞.宝珠寺重力坝对设计地震0.27 g的强震可以保持整体的安全性,对校核地震0.32 g的强震整体安全性降低,水库正常运行及抵抗余震的能力将受到影响. 相似文献
59.
Kou Xiaohu Zhang Kexin Zhu Yunhai Chen Zhongqiang Lin Qixiang Chen Fenning Huang Jinyuan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2009,20(2)
The well-preserved seamount buildups are documented from the northwestern Qinling (秦岭) orogenic belts, Northwest China. The study sections are located in the Ganjia (甘加) area of the Xiahe (夏河) County, Gansu (甘肃) Province. The dark basalt and overlying massive reef carbonate characterize the Xiahe seamount buildup. Basalts are dominated by the olivine type of rocks and bear distinct porphyritic textures, and fumarole and amygdaloidal structures. The basaits are dominated by SiO2(up to 48.49 wt.%-52.29 wt.%) followed by (Na2O+ K2O) (3.80 wt.%-4.96 wt.%) and TiO2 (2.04 wt.%-2.52 wt.%). They are featured by considerably high content of Ti. The tholeilteseries rocks dominate the basalts, while calc-alkali-series rocks are also present. The REE of the basalts shows the LREE-enrichment type with distinct positive Eu abnormal. The trace elements of the basalts are characterized by the lack of P and high content of Ti. These geochemical signals suggest that the Xiahe basalts were formed in an ocean-island setting. The LA ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the basalts is 267.6±5 Ma, which is reinforced by the presnce of the fusuHnid Neoschwagerina Zone of the Wordian (Middle Permian) in the limestone interbeds of the basalts. Integration of petrological and geochemical studies of seamount basaits and lateral correlation of seamount buildups reveals that the Qinling-qilian-Kunlun orogenic belts were probably the archipelagtc oceans during the Permian. 相似文献
60.
在孔虫氧、碳稳定同位素比值的微量测定是古海洋学研究的最基本手段之一,其中标准物质对获取高准确度数据起关键作用。测定表明,标准物质的氧同位素比值和有孔虫样品的氧同位素比值越接近,则测出的样品值就越准确,反之,若相差越远,则测出的样品值系统误差就越大。国内现有的碳酸盐碳,氧同位素标准物质的氧同位素值与有孔虫相比都偏负,不适宜用作有孔虫的稳定同位素分析,鉴于此,我们选取云南大理地区的二叠系茅口组地为候选 相似文献