The Formation and Evolution Mechanism of Tight Oil and Gas in Lacustrine Carbonate Rocks in the Bohai Bay Basin

<正>Tight oil,a kind of unconventional oil accumulation that accumulates in source rocks in a free or adsorbed status in low or ultra-low porous sandstones or carbonates rocks which are interbedded with or adjacent to source rocks.Generally,the oil has not experienced a large-scale,long-distance migration(Zhang Jinchuan,et al.,2012;Jia     

Numerical simulation and evaluation of Asian dust events observed in Mongolia in spring 2011

The Asian dust forecasting model, Mongolian Asian Dust Aerosol Model (MGLADAM), has been operated by the National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring of Mongolia since 2010, for the forecast of Asian dust storms. In order to evaluate the performance of the dust prediction model, we simulated Asian dust events for the period of spring 2011. Simulated features were compared with observations from two sites in the dust source region of the Gobi desert in Mongolia, and in the downstream region in Korea. It was found that the simulated wind speed and friction velocity showed a good correlation with observations at the Erdene site (one of the sites in the Gobi desert). The results show that the model is proficient in the simulation of dust concentrations that are within the same order of magnitude and have similar start and end times, compared with PM₁₀ observed at two monitoring sites in the Gobi regions. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the dust simulation ranges up to 200 μg m^?3 because of the high concentrations in source regions, which is three times higher than that in the downstream region. However, the spatial pattern of dust concentration matches well with dust reports from synoptic observation. In the downwind regions, it was found that the model simluated all reported dust cases successfully. It was also found that the RMSE in the downwind region increased when the model integration time increased, but that in the source regions did not show consistent change. It suggests that MGLADAM has the potential to be used as an operational dust forecasting model for predicting major dust events over the dust source regions as well as predicting transported dust concentrations over the downstream region. However, it is thought that further improvement in the emission estimation is necessary, including accurate predictions in surface and boundary layer meteorology. In the downwind regions, background PM₁₀ concentration is considerably affected by other aerosol species, suggesting that a consideration of anthropogenic pollutants will be required for accurate dust forecasting.     

涝渍对夏花生光合特性及产量影响

夏花生常因汛期雨水偏多形成涝渍灾害而减产,探索不同耕作方式下涝渍持续日数对花生光合特性及产量的影响,可为花生涝渍动态监测评估和农业防灾减灾提供参考。选择2019年、2020年每年6—9月,在花生主产区河南驻马店土壤质地为粘土的大田平作、垄作方式下,以豫花22为试验材料,将花生产量形成过程分前期、中期、后期3个时段,分别设计3 d,5 d,7 d,9 d灌水处理。结果表明：相同过程灌水量条件下,垄作比平作涝渍持续日数减少1~5 d,其中淹涝日数偏少3~5 d;3 d灌水处理的涝渍持续日数4~5 d,叶绿素含量和净光合速率等光合参数呈正效应造成茎叶干物质积累增加;各时段涝渍影响均随持续日数的增加而加重,除百仁重涝渍影响表现为中期最大、前期次之、后期最小,其他均为前期最大、中期次之、后期最小;各处理水平涝渍持续日数4~16 d,光合参数影响幅度为1.3%~64.2%,生物量和产量影响幅度为0.6%~44.9%;垄作花生与平作花生相比,因涝渍持续日数减少而使灾害影响减小,前期各处理花生产量减少灾损达3.4%~11.6%。     

暗挖隧道注浆-降压联合地下水控制技术

动水条件下承压水的注浆止水及加固问题,是暗挖隧道地下水控制的重要难题,在浆液配比、注浆参数等方面的设计施工经验较少。以某地铁区间联络通道的地下水控制工程为背景,结合该通道地质条件复杂、承压水头高、突涌水量大等施工现状,基于注浆-降压联合的地下水控制思路,探索了高承压水头条件下的WSS双液注浆止水施工技术,并通过现场探测和地面沉降监测研究其止水加固效果。结果表明,采用注浆-降压联合的地下水控制及加固方案,在显著承压性的地下水含水层注浆止水加固中取得了良好的效果,既能够保证地下通道的注浆过程顺利进行,又能确保地下水治理效果,并遏制围岩的变形发展,各部位变形均满足控制指标。     

川南威远—泸州页岩气井区奥陶系顶部观音桥组岩相和沉积环境

上扬子地区四川盆地南部威远—泸州地区上奥陶统凯迪阶五峰组和志留系底部兰多维列统龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩沉积于滞留缺氧海底且富含有机质,是页岩气的主产层位,介于五峰组和龙马溪组之间的奥陶系顶部赫南特阶观音桥组通常是含腕足类以及三叶虫的灰岩沉积,其化石组成是冈瓦纳冰川事件最盛期在低纬度陆表海区的产物,岩石学微相特征研究能进一步诠释当时海底沉积环境。本文根据威远地区的W2、W4H10井,泸州地区的L2井、L4井、L5井、L6井、L7井、L8井、L9井观音桥组微相鉴定识别生物多样性,除常见的Hirnantia腕足动物群、三叶虫Dalmanitina等壳相化石外,还出现海百合、腹足类Homotoma、双壳类、海绵动物碎片和虫管遗迹化石Chondrites（丛藻迹）,其化石组成记录了该层位的生物多样性。观音桥组沉积时该区海底富氧环境有利于底栖动物生存,远岸区海底水动力弱,化石粒度偏细且部分化石破碎程度高,未见大量复体珊瑚和钙藻等典型暖水区化石,反映出远岸相观音桥组海底水温可能偏低。     

超高密度电阻率法在岩溶及破碎带探测中的应用

结合工程实例,介绍了超高密度电阻率法在勘探岩溶及破碎带中的应用,总结了数据采集过程中的注意事项,并将成果与钻孔资料作了对比分析.结果表明,该方法在岩溶及破碎带的分布位置、大小、埋藏深度及发育情况等方面的勘察上都取得了较好的效果,是一种能有效提高工程勘察精度的物探方法.     

基于Android平台的分布式无线微震采集站布站与监控软件研究与实现

由于地震勘探仪器呈现小型化、无线化、智能化发展趋势,传统操作平台无法满足便携式勘探仪器使用需要.因此本文利用Android移动设备便携性、普及性高,用户基础好的特点,实现了基于Android平台的无线微震采集站布站与监控软件.该软件在大范围野外施工中,为施工人员提供包括定位、测距、测角、网络监测等全程可视化布站功能,同时提供监测施工中小型、大型微震采集站阵列实时网络情况,以及采集站状态的智能控制、数据实时监控等功能.经过施工测试,软件稳定性好、便携性高,极大提高野外施工效率.     

钻井液性能在线监测技术研究进展

近年来,国内外对钻井液性能自动检测技术的研究取得了长足进步。针对现有钻井液自动检测仪器成本高、结构复杂和工作环境受限等问题,研制了钻井液漏斗黏度和密度自动在线检测仪。使用可编程逻辑控制器、物联网模组、压力传感器、超声传感器、蠕动泥浆泵、电动球阀和隔膜泵等,搭建取浆模块、检测模块、清洗模块和控制模块,实现了对钻井液漏斗黏度和密度的自动检测、移动端设备数据查看和操作等功能。采用传感器数据融合和滤波算法等方法提高仪器精度和稳定性,对不同钻井液体系性能测试验证,漏斗黏度误差控制在±1 s,密度误差控制在±0.01 g/cm³,且可连续地对钻井液性能进行自动测试。室内测试和现场试验结果表明,该仪器具有操作方便、测试结果准确、可重复性高、人为测量误差小和节约人工等优点,能满足实际钻井施工过程中对钻井液性能检测的要求,具有较强的普适性和广泛的应用前景。

     

用数学模型解算感光材料的特性数值

在感光测定中,一般都用图解的方法从感光特性曲线上求出感光度、反差系数等特性数值。由于图解的方法精度低,因此,测定的数值很不一致。本文介绍日本犬井正男,柏修司所提出的利用一个数学模型进行数字解算感光特性数值的方法,分析了根据该数学模型计算感光度和反差系数的公式,并推导出平差计算的步骤。在TQ-16电子计算机上计算了10条特性曲线,与图解平均值(5人)进行了比较,其感光度差值在±0.6以内,反差系数差值在±0.06以内,所得结果与犬井正男,柏修司的试验结果一致,因此,可以认为该数学模型是合理可用的。