水源热泵室内模拟及实验研究

介绍了地源热泵、水源热泵的发展现状及前景,以及国内外的主要研究方向。针对水源热泵试验研究的缺乏,在室内建立了一套组合型水源热泵模拟仪,进行了相关的模拟实验,并对实验结果分析、模拟,通过控制不同水温,不同水量的回灌得出了回灌试验的以下传热特征:增加回灌水量对周围砂土温度的影响小于升高回灌水温对周围砂土温度的影响;回灌水向下的热扩散强于向上的热扩散;通过控制回灌量,改变回灌水的初始温度得出在水平及竖直方向上对砂土的温度场影响范围,为开发水源热泵技术提供了可供参考的数据。数值模拟了井回灌实验的温度场,并和试验数据对比。依据试验结果,运用傅立叶定律验证了饱和砂土的导热率。讨论了水源热泵室内模拟及理论分析对水源热泵设计的意义。     

博斯腾湖的水盐平衡与矿化度

博斯腾湖曾是中国内陆区最大的淡水湖，因人类活动影响约在１９６８年演变为微咸水湖。本文依据湖泊水平衡太矿化度基本原理，结合博斯滕湖实际，分析计算了该湖各个时期的水盐平衡与矿化度；经推地整理，提出了预测矿化度的计算式，经检验与实测值基本吻合。     

Modeling of an actively braced full‐scale building considering control–structure interaction

Recently, the application of active control to seismic‐excited buildings has attracted international attention. To demonstrate the practical applicability of active control, we have conducted experimental tests using a full‐scale three‐storey building equipped with active bracing systems on the shake table at the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), Taiwan. Experimental results indicate that the control–structure interaction (CSI) effect is significant. A state‐space analytical model of this actively controlled building taking into account the CSI effect is established in this paper using a system identification technique based on curve‐fitting of transfer functions. To verify the accuracy of the analytical model for simulating the controlled response, four sets of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers using acceleration feedback are designed and further experimental tests are conducted for comparison. It is demonstrated that the correlations between the simulation and experimental results are remarkable. The construction of an accurate analytical model is important for active control, and such an analytical model can be used for future benchmark studies of different control algorithms based on numerical simulations. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西准噶尔谢米斯台山中段晚石炭世A型花岗岩地球化学特征及岩石成因

西准噶尔谢米斯台山中段发育大量晚石炭世A型花岗岩, 岩性主要为石英正长岩-正长花岗岩-正长花岗斑岩-二长花岗岩。通过LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年, 获得正长花岗斑岩、石英正长岩、正长花岗岩和二长花岗岩年龄加权平均值分别为301.7±2.5 Ma、302.1±3.6 Ma、301.6±3.1 Ma和305.3±2.5 Ma。岩石属高钾钙碱性和钾玄岩系列, 具有高硅、富碱、过铝质、贫钙、低镁、高TFeO/MgO值(>3.45)等特征, 同时岩石相对富集轻稀土元素(Eu除外)和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K), 相对亏损Ba、Nb、Ta元素, 强烈亏损Sr、P、Ti元素, 与典型铝质A型花岗岩特征一致。岩石εHf(t)均为正值(8.93~14.82, 平均12.64), 二阶段模式年龄(正长花岗岩平均452.01 Ma、二长花岗岩平均565.17 Ma)与形成年龄相近。认为该地区A型花岗岩形成于后碰撞伸展背景, 由于软流圈上涌, 诱发了俯冲流体交代过的下地壳发生部分熔融, 岩浆演化过程中经历了斜长石、辉石、磷灰石、榍石等矿物的结晶分异, 并在岩浆活动初期具有火山弧印迹(A2型), 随着板内进一步伸展, 出现了板内裂谷特征(A1型), 为区域地质演化提供了新的依据。     

地层学界近年来对新生代地层学名称使用的变化

随着国内外地层学界对新生代地层研究的不断深入,自1996年以来,国际地层学界对新生代地层学年代的划分不断更新。国际地层委员会2008年公布的方案中,新生代内第四纪的地位还未确定,它可能包括更新世,底界回溯到大约2.6 MaBP。随着中国第四纪研究在国际上的学术地位日益上升,在对新生代的划分上,表达中国学者建议的呼声将会越来越高。     

活性石灰的工艺性能与方钙石的显微结构

本文主要研究ＹＦ优质石灰石基本性能及其活性石灰的煅烧条件和方钙石的显微结构。结果表明煅烧温度和保温时间是影响活性石灰工艺性能及方钙石显微结构的决定性因素。     

塔里木盆地岩石圈热-流变学结构和新生代热体制

塔里木盆地是我国特大型沉积盆地,也是“西气东输”工程的重要战略基地。利用盆地区大量的地温及岩石热物性参数并结合地热学知识分析了塔里木盆地的现代地温场、热演化和岩石圈热-流变学结构,并进一步讨论了地热场和岩石圈性质对成盆、成烃和成藏的意义。研究结果表明塔里木盆地现今平均大地热流为45mW/m2,平均地温梯度为18~20℃/km;整体上具有低温冷盆的特征。地温场的展布具有明显的横向差异,不同构造单元的地温场特征相差较大:坳陷部位具有较低的地温,隆起区具有较高的地热特征。热演化模拟表明盆地自成盆以来经历了从震旦纪—奥陶纪高热流(“热”盆)、志留纪—晚古生代热衰减(“热”盆向“冷”盆过渡)、中生代稳定的热演化(低热流“冷”盆阶段)、新生代岩石圈挠曲热演化等阶段。“热”岩石圈厚度为205~230km,有效弹性厚度(Te)达66±7km,脆-韧性转换深度为25~28km,岩石圈总强度为1.6×1013~7.8×1013N/m。盆地区的岩石圈表现为地温低、强度高的刚性块体,具有整体变形特征。受印度-欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应影响,塔里木盆地作为刚性块体进行应力传递,盆地周边产生强烈变形,表现山脉的急剧隆升和盆地边缘的快速挠曲沉降。这一动力学过程造成地层内部流体趋于流向山前隆起带,并对油气成藏和分布具有重要的控制作用。     

基于Stacked ConvLSTM的时间序列森林火烧迹地检测

确定森林火烧迹地的准确时间点以及空间范围对于森林的受损评价、管理、碳核算以及森林恢复的管理有重要意义。由于森林火烧迹地在空间分布上具有一定的连续性,现有的森林火烧迹地提取方法大都采用先分类再后处理的两步处理策略来抑制虚警像素的影响。本文提出将时空检测方法 Stacked ConvLSTM用于时间序列森林火烧迹地的检测,在保持结果具有较好空间连续性的基础上避免了具有主观性的后处理操作,实现端到端提取森林火烧迹地信息,提升了森林火烧迹地的提取精度。采用MODIS时间序列数据,基于2001年—2008年以及2001年—2016年的黑龙江沾河林业局伊南河林场和内蒙古自治区毕拉河林业局北大河林场两个区域的历史时间序列,分别对这两个区域2009年以及2017年发生的特大火灾区域进行火烧迹地检测,利用Stacked ConvLSTM、Stacked LSTM以及bfast算法在两个区域的MODIS时间序列中提取森林火烧迹地,并将火烧迹地检测结果与ESA发布的Fire＿CCI 5.1火烧迹地产品进行对比分析。结果表明：首先,从目视效果来看,在研究区域Ⅰ,Stacked ConvLSTM检测的结果比St...     

Scaling-laws of Radio Spike Bursts and Their Constraints on New Solar Radio Telescopestwo

Radio observation is one of important methods in solar physics and space science. Sometimes, it is almost the sole approach to observe the physical processes such as the acceleration, emission, and propagation of non-thermal energetic particles, etc. So far, more than 100 solar radio telescopes have been built in the world, including solar radiometers, dynamic spectrometers, and radioheliographs. Some of them have been closed after the fulfillment of their primary scientific objectives, or for their malfunctions, and thus replaced by other advanced instruments. At the same time, based on some new technologies and scientific ideas, various kinds of new and much more complicated solar radio telescopes are being constructed by solar radio astronomers and space scientists, such as the American E-OVSA and the solar radio observing system under the framework of Chinese Meridian Project II, etc. When we plan to develop a new solar radio telescope, it is crucial to design the most suitable technical parameters, e.g., the observing frequency range and bandwidth, temporal resolution, frequency resolution, spatial resolution, polarization degree, and dynamic range. Then, how do we select a rational set of these parameters? The long-term observation and study revealed that a large strong solar radio burst is frequently composed of a series of small bursts with different time scales. Among them, the radio spike burst is the smallest one with the shortest lifetime, the narrowest bandwidth, and the smallest source region. Solar radio spikes are considered to be related to a single magnetic energy release process, and can be regarded as an elementary burst in solar flares. It is a basic requirement for the new solar radio telescope to observe and discriminate these solar radio spike bursts, even though the temporal and spatial scales of radio spike bursts actually vary with the observing frequency. This paper presents the scaling laws of the lifetime and bandwidth of solar radio spike bursts with respect to the observing frequency, which provide some constraints for the new solar radio telescopes, and help us to select the rational telescope parameters. Besides, we propose a spectrum-image combination mode as the best observation mode for the next-generation solar radio telescopes with high temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions, which may have an important significance for revealing the physical essence of the various non-thermal processes in violent solar eruptions.     

An integrated linear/non-linear flow model for the conduit-fissure-pore media in the karst triple void aquifer system

Most karstic aquifer media may be characterized as the triple-void media with highly-varied hydraulic properties, including matrix pore, fissure and conduit, in which liner flow may co-exist with non-linear flow. In this paper, an attempt is made to couple linear flow with non-linear flow in a single unified flow governing equations by introducing the concept of equivalent hydraulic conductivity (EHC) and deriving a general Darcys law for various flow. The expression of EHC in the karst conduit and fissure are also derived. The procedures of numerical implementation are demonstrated via an ideal model and a case study of karst aquifer system in the Beishan Ore Formation area, Guangxi Autonomous Region, China.