内蒙古典型草原和草甸草原相对花粉产量重估

相对花粉产量（RPP）是利用地层花粉数据定量重建古植被的重要参数,但目前估算的不同地区同一植物类型的RPP多存在差异。为了解植被盖度计算方法对花粉产量的影响,本项研究利用卫星影像数字化重新计算了内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原和乌拉盖草甸草原采样点周边100 m以外的植被数据,利用ERV模型重新估算了主要花粉类型的RPP,并运用景观重建算法（LRA）进行了检验。锡林郭勒典型草原ERV模型分析显示,ERV子模型1结合1/d距离加权法与植被-花粉数据拟合度最高,得到的相关花粉源范围（RSAP）为1470 m;以蒿属为参照种（RPP=1±0）,各科属RPP依次为藜科（0.53±0.03）、十字花科（0.17±0.01）、唐松草属（0.14±0.02）、菊科（0.09±0.01）、莎草科（0.08±0.006）、委陵菜属（0.07±0.01）、禾本科（0.050±0.003）。乌拉盖草甸草原ERV模型分析显示,ERV子模型1结合Prentice距离加权法与植被-花粉数据拟合度最高,得到的RSAP为770 m;以蒿属为参照种（RPP=1±0）,各科属RPP依次为藜科（5.85±0.58）、蓼科（5.27±0.37）、石竹科（5.15±0.47）、莎草科（4.16±0.13）、菊科（1.63±0.09）、百合科（0.49±0.08）、唇形科（0.38±0.06）、禾本科（0.200±0.004）。重估的RSAP和RPP均与首次估算时存在差异,表明植被盖度计算方法确实会影响RSAP和RPP。景观重建算法对RPP检验结果表明,卫星影像数字化估算的RPP重建的植被盖度与实际植被的相关性更高。

     

中尼公路多年冻土工程地质性质分析及整治设计

通过对中尼公路嘉措拉山多年冻土工程地质性质的分析,确定其为高温多年冻土,热稳定性属不稳定型;并对此多年冻土的整治原则、路基合理高度、路基路面综合设计进行了探讨。     

大尺度流域含水层参数值分布的反演法

大尺度流域的水文地质参数的分布特征是一个困难的研究课题.提出一个新的直接反演法用于推算大流域的含水层参数值的分布.此模型的有效性在日本关东流域的应用得到了验证.     

壳—幔侧面波（Pn）速度的横向变化与界面温度横向差异的讨论

本文得到壳—幔界面侧面地震波速度的横向变化与界面温度的横向差异密切相关。侧面波（Pn）速度VPn与地面大地热流值q存在统计关系:     

导航电子地图增量更新服务及关键技术研究

以移动通讯数据传输技术、网络技术和时态数据库技术为基础,构建了导航地理信息的变化发现、分析甄别、采集、加工、处理、存储和发布服务一体化的增量式更新服务模式、技术、软件、质检和标准体系,论述了多源数据融合、时空模型及空间关系的动态实时维护、多尺度增量式导航电子地图综合处理、路径规划和质检方法等关键性技术,实现了导航电子地图近实时更新服务。     

中国大陆地区GNSS ZTD对超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件的响应

利用CMONOC提供的GNSS连续观测数据分析天顶对流层延迟（ZTD）代替水汽的可行性,并利用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）和小波变换(WT)开展GNSS ZTD对超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件的响应分析。结果表明,超强东部型厄尔尼诺事件会增加中国大陆地区水汽含量,在热带及亚热带地区响应更为显著;同时该事件会影响GNSS ZTD 的显著变化周期,使9个月的变化周期减弱,0.8~3个月内的变化周期增强。     

The spatial patterns and determinants of internal migration of older adults in China from 1995 to 2015

Although China was one of the countries with the fastest-growing aging population in the world, limited scholarly attention has been paid to migration among older adults in China. The full picture of their migration in the entire country over time remains unknown. This study examines the spatial patterns of older interprovincial migration flows and their drivers in China over the period 1995 to 2015, using four waves of census data and intercensal population sample survey data. Results from eigenvector spatial filtering negative binomial regressions indicate that older adults tend to migrate away from low cost-of-living rural areas to high cost-of-living urban and rural areas, moving away from areas with extreme temperature differences. The location of their grandchildren is among the most important attractions. Our findings suggest that family-oriented migration is more common than amenity-led migration among retired Chinese older adults, and the cost-of-living is an indicator of economic opportunities for adult children and the quality of senior care services.     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

中国南沙某岛礁深层礁灰岩物理力学特性

随着南沙海域岛礁吹填工程的实践,礁灰岩的物理力学特性也逐渐成为工程地质领域的研究热点。从南沙某岛礁深度为300 m的钻孔中获取礁灰岩岩芯,分别通过纵横波测试,单轴及三轴压缩试验和礁灰岩流变试验。得到：深层礁灰岩岩样的礁灰岩岩石横波速度与纵波速度关系为V_s=0.4447V_p+409.94;礁灰岩破坏后仍然具有较大的承载能力,并且礁灰岩的破裂呈碎条状,沿着生长软弱面破裂,礁灰岩由于溶洞和软弱面的强度随机性致使其强度也表现很强的随机性;礁灰岩加速蠕变的发生的应力阀值约为5~6 MPa,当加载水平达到5~6 MPa时才有加速蠕变的过程。试验结论为南海岛礁工程建设提供依据,也为珊瑚礁工程地质力学特性的深入研究提供参考资料。     

Application of Accelerometer Data in Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE -A and -B

We investigate how well the GRACE satellite orbits can be determined using the onboard GPS data combined with the accelerometer data.The preprocessing of the accelerometer data and the methods and models used in the orbit determination are presented.In order to assess the orbit accuracy,a number of tests are made,including external orbit comparison,and through Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) residuals and K-band ranging (KBR) residuals.It is shown that the standard deviations of the position differences between the so-called precise science orbits (PSO) produced by GFZ,and the single-difference (SD) and zero-difference (ZD) dynamic orbits are about 7 cm and 6 cm,respectively.The independent SLR validation indicates that the overall root-mean-squared (RMS) errors of the SD solution for days 309-329 of 2002 are about 4.93cm and 5.22cm,for GRACE-A and B respectively; theoverall RMS errors of the ZD solution are about 4.25 cm and 4.71 cm,respectively.The relative accuracy between the two GRACE satellites is validated by the KBR data to be on a level of 1.29 cm for the SD,and 1.03 cm for the ZD solution.