1997年西藏玛尼7.5级地震2001年青海昆仑山口8.1级地震震前中长期预测

作者在1996年底对中国大陆2005年前6级以上强震危险区（13处）作出了预测，其中对应1997年玛尼7.5级地震、2001年昆仑山口8.1级地震，取得了很好的预报效果。本文分时段：1996年底前、1997年11月前、2001年11月前，分别总结了预测依据及震情跟踪分析。加上对同期（1997－2001年）其他强震预测的实际对应，表明地震活动图像分析方法在分析预报研究中是可以有所作为的。     

中国地震活动的某些特征

我国是一个多地震的国家,有较丰富的历史地震资料。公元前1831年即有地震记述。自宋、元以来（约十二世纪）,地方志逐渐盛行,特别是明代以后（公元1368年）,地震记载较为普遍与详细,不仅记有强震破坏,而且对远震波及与当地的弱震情况都有所描述,甚至一些抗震经验也有所涉及。 解放后,为了我国社会主义建设中抗震设计的需要,中国科学院组织了各方面人员查阅了各种文史书籍八千余种,以不到两年的时间,基本上完成了资料的搜集和整理工作,     

1932年昌马地震破裂带及其形成原因的初步探讨

1932年12月25日,我国甘肃省西部玉门镇以南的昌马地区发生了7.6级地震。震中区产生了规模较大的地面破裂带,其中有张性、压性和剪切等多种型式裂缝。本文根据分析各种自然破坏现象的形成条件,结合极震区地质构造特征,对震源区的应力作用和地震成因提出初步看法。 对地震破裂带的分析结果表明,这次地震起主要作用的是南北向的水平挤压作用,并与自白垩纪以来控制着本区构造断裂的区域应力场是一致的。地震破裂带出现的部位与长期活动的昌马构造断裂带一致。因此,我们认为昌马地震的发生是昌马构造断裂带继承性活动的结果。     

Isotope Dilution with Matrix Element Removal: A Key for High-Precision, High-Accuracy Trace Analysis of Geological Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

The isotope dilution (ID) method requires only the measurement of mass and isotopic mass ratios. For this reason, ID is considered a primary method of analysis, capable of higher precision and accuracy than comparative methods used in conventional instrumental analysis, that are based on calibration relative to reference materials. Compared to thermal ionisation mass spectrometers, inductively coupled plasma source-mass spectrometers (ICP-MS) benefit from several practical advantages, including direct liquid sampling at atmospheric pressure, a multi-element capability, high ionisation efficiency, fast scanning capability and widespread availability. These features greatly improve sample throughput, thereby allowing the isotope dilution method to be used on a routine basis. In turn, ID alleviates the need for quantitative sample handling, and thus makes separation of the analytes from matrix elements much easier. This allows ICP-MS instruments to be used under optimal conditions, because it is possible to use advanced, high efficiency sample introduction systems without resorting to large dilution factors. Moreover, the cleanliness of the sampling interface and ion optics is preserved, thereby allowing optimum instrumental performance to be maintained for extended periods, so reducing maintenance costs. Examples are given in this review to highlight the potential of isotope dilution combined with analyte separation for achieving high precision in trace element analysis of geochemical samples.     

ASTER GDEM垂直精度评价及其在重力地形改正中的适用性

利用重力剖面的GPS数据对ASTER GDEM模型进行垂直精度评估,并对其在重力地形改正中的适用性进行讨论。结果表明,ASTER GDEM模型在贵阳-维西和金川-犍为两个重力剖面中,与实测GPS高程相比标准差分别为14.93 m和18.02 m,模型起伏与实测数据具有较好的一致性。在小比例尺中、远区及大比例尺远区重力地形改正中,ASTER GDEM模型数据的适用性较好。     

Application of AVO analysis to gas hydrates identification in the northern slope of the South China Sea

Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis is a conventional seismic exploration technique in geophysical and lithological interpretation and has been widely used in onshore and offshore exploration. Its use in marine gas hydrate research, however, is still in initial stages. In this study, AVO analysis is applied to seismic profiles at drilling sites where hydrate samples have been recovered. The AVO responses of free gas, bottom simulating reflector (BSRs), and gas hydrates are discussed, and the AVO attributes in relation to gas hydrates are summarized. The results show that changes in intercept, gradient, fluid factor and Poisson’s ratio clearly reflect: (i) location of free gas and the BSR, and (ii) spatial relations between blank zone, BSR, gas hydrate, and free gas.     

论核工程选址中的弥散地震

弥散地震评价是核工程选址中地震安全性评价的重要内容之一。文中在分析弥散地震涵义的基础上,论述了弥散地震评价中地震构造区划分的原则和依据、弥散地震确定的方法和技术途径等关键性技术内容     

黑龙江省冷害与全球变暖对水稻产量的影响(英文)

This study is focused on indexes for the rice chilling injury in Heilongjiang Province during 1960-2009. Firstly, we compared a new derived climate data weighted by rice planting density with the traditional method, and found that the new one is more reasonable to assess the impact of climate change on crop yields. Considering the frequency and intensity of rice chilling in the province, secondly, chilling indexes defined by meteorological, national and international levels were assessed. The result showed that the meteorological standards were suitable for the delayed-type injury, while the international one, so-called sum of Grow-ing Degree Day below threshold (GDDn-), characterized best the sterile-type chilling injury for rice. The explanation ability of the rice yield time series model including both injury types as two independent variables reached approximately 92% (p < 0.05). Finally, we concluded that the contribution rates of human and weather factors to rice yields are about 87.2% and 12.8% respectively, and as light increasing trend for sterile-type chilling injury was found during heading to flowing period in recent years, indicating a high chilling risk for rice planting in Heilongjiang Province in the future global warming.