中国大陆造山带地壳密度结构特征

本文探讨中国大陆造山带地壳介质密度的变化特征和不同类型,并用大陆动力学机制解释这些特征产生的原因。根据重力场小波变换的尺度—源深度转换律,进行地面重力异常场多尺度分解,取得了反映中国地壳不同埋藏深度的小波细节,揭示了造山带地壳的密度结构。和克拉通地体不同,中国大陆的造山带下地壳密度都偏低,只有古生代块体弱碰撞形成的摺皱山脉是例外。这些造山带大都与古大洋封闭和俯冲碰撞作用有关。古大洋封闭后在地壳中留下的裂隙和海水,会造成地壳密度降低。中国大陆造山带地壳密度结构大致可以分四类。上中下地壳密度都偏低的属于第一类造山带。第二类造山带上中地壳密度偏低,而下地壳密度偏高。第三类造山带上中地壳密度偏高,而下地壳密度偏低。第四类造山带上中下地壳密度都偏高。通过板块构造原理和岩石物理规律对青藏高原造山带地壳密度结构分类的解释可见,青藏高原南部,中部和北部地壳密度结构分属三类不同的造山带,体现印度次大陆和欧亚板块碰撞不同阶段作用造成的结果。根据地壳密度变低和厚度是否加大,还可以识别板沿和板内造山带。     

庙西凹陷严重生物降解原油序列中三环萜烷的异常分布成因初探

对渤海湾盆地一系列生物降解原油的色谱-质谱分析结果表明,庙西凹陷PL15-8D与PL9-4井四个严重生物降解原油三环萜烷系列分布较为异常,主要表现为以C₂₃为主峰的后峰型、C₂₀与C₂₃为主峰的微弱双峰型以及以C₂₀与C₂₄为主峰的双峰型分布模式。强烈的生物降解作用导致C₁₉~C₂₃三环萜烷优先于C₂₄₊三环萜烷被不同程度地侵蚀,是形成这一异常分布的根本原因。三环萜烷系列相对丰度与绝对浓度的变化规律表明,不同碳数三环萜烷的生物降解作用同时发生,但其降解速率有明显差别,即抗生物降解能力不同。三环萜烷系列化合物（除C₂₀三环萜烷以外）的抗生物降解能力具有随碳数增加而增强的趋势,而C₂₀三环萜烷抗降解能力似乎强于C₂₁~C₂₃三环萜烷。原油中未检测到脱甲基三环萜烷,表明三环萜烷的降解并非通过微生物的脱甲基化作用,推测其降解途径是微生物氧化三环萜烷C环支链末端的甲基,形成对应的羧酸化合物。四个原油样品甾烷、藿烷与三环萜烷被微生物严重侵蚀,不能用于油源对比研究,而三芳甾烷未受生物降解影响,可作为研究区严重生物降解原油油源对比的有效指标。     

西湖凹陷渐新世层序地层格架与沉积充填响应

东海陆架盆地是中国近海最大的沉积盆地,而西湖凹陷又是其中规模最大的富油气凹陷。多年的勘探实践证明渐新统花港组为西湖凹陷主力产气层段,但其层序地层划分长期存在较大争议。在分析了西湖凹陷盆地结构与构造格局的基础上,依据测井、岩芯以及地震反射特征,将西湖凹陷渐新统划分出5个三级层序与12个体系域,建立了其等时地层格架;并通过大量岩芯的写实性描述,结合沉积构造与遗迹化石鉴别以及地球化学资料分析对沉积环境进行了判识,分析结果认为西湖凹陷渐新统花港组沉积时期发生过两次较大的海侵事件,形成“南海北陆”的沉积格局,并发育了河流、三角洲、潮控河口湾以及无障壁海岸四种沉积体系,其沉积体系类型较多,从南到北变化巨大。西湖凹陷渐新世整体表现为“东西短轴三角洲”、“南部潮汐河口湾”、“东北缓岸滩坝”的沉积体系展布格局。系统分析了沉积相在各层序中的展布特征及其对海平面变化的响应、层序演化过程及其对海平面变化的响应,构建了东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷构造-沉积成因模式,明确了“断坳转换,海陆交替”的盆地构造背景与沉积充填的响应关系。     

Jurassic Hornblende Gabbros in Dongga, Eastern Gangdese, Tibet: Partial Melting of Mantle Wedge and Implications for Crustal Growth

The Gangdese batholith, more than 2500 km in length, is composed mainly of JurassicMiocene igneous rocks. This batholith is one of the most important constituents of the Tibetan orogenesis and provides an ideal place for study of Neo-Tethyan ocean geodynamic evolution and plateau uplift. Recent studies on the Gangdese Jurassic felsic magmatism highlight its juvenile source. However, important aspects concerning the genesis of the juvenile magmatism and related deep geodynamic evolution are still unclear. Here, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic, and in situ Sr-Hf isotopic data for a recently identified hornblende gabbro in the Dongga area, southern Lhasa sub-block. This hornblende gabbro is dominated by hornblende and plagioclase, dated at Early Jurassic(ca. 180–190 Ma), and characterized by a narrow compositional range in SiO_2(49.38wt%–52.27wt%), MgO(4.08wt%–7.00wt%), FeO(10.43wt%–11.77wt%), Na_2O(2.58wt%–3.51wt%), and K_2O(0.48wt%–1.53wt%). It has depleted isotopic signatures, with whole-rock(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7033–0.7043, ε_(Nd)(t) values of +4.90 to +6.99, in situ plagioclase(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of 0.7034–0.7042, and zircon ε_(Hf)(t) of +12.2 to +16.8. Our results integrated with published data suggest a model of Gangdese juvenile crustal growth by a subduction-related water-enriched mantle wedge. The hydrous partial melting of the lithosphere mantle was triggered by the dehydration of a Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. This mafic magmatism emplaced in the middle-lower crust of intraoceanic arcs or active continental margins, leading to Jurassic juvenile crustal growth in southern Tibet.     

Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin

We clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub-members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth-shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle-deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium-coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle-deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression-regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large-scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle-deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.     

兰州市主城区地下热水水化学特征分析

自上世纪70年代初期,兰州市主城区勘查发现地热异常以来,先后实施了6眼热水井。根据热水水化学特征分析,兰州市城区地下热水以温热水和热水为主,水化学类型以Cl--Na+为主,热储层中可能含有石膏夹层;热水中多种微量组分均达到具有医疗价值的浓度,部分地热水井可作为锶型饮用矿泉水开发利用;地下热水基本处于封闭状态,以溶滤作用、氧化还原作用和离子交换作用为主,地下热水水化学特征保持原始的水—岩平衡状态,水质较好,人类对该区域地下热水基本无开采扰动。     

The Effects of Rapid Temperature Changes on HK,PK and HSP70 of Litopenaeus vannamei in Different Seasons

Activities of hexokinase(HK),pyruvate kinase(PK) and levels of HSP70 were measured to evaluate the response of Litopenaeus vannamei to rapid temperature changes under controlled laboratory conditions.Shrimps were subjected to a quick temperature change from 27℃ to 17℃ for the summer case(Cold temperature treatment),or from 17℃ to 27℃ for the winter case(Warm temperature treatment).After 0.5,1,3,6,12,24,48,and 72 h of exposure time,shrimps were sampled and prepared for further analysis.The results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on activities of HK was significant.Patterns of variations of the two glycolytic enzymes suggested that enzymes in the glycolysis cycle could adjust their activities to meet the acute temperature change.The HSP70 level increased in both cold and warm temperature treatments,suggesting that the rapid temperature changes activated the process of body's self-protection.But the difference in expression peak of HSP70 might be related to the different body size and the higher thermal sensitivity to temperature increase than to temperature decrease of L.vannamei.     

菏泽市挖掘节约用地潜力的探索

菏泽市国土资源局在学习科学发展观过程中,在挖掘土地潜力上下功夫,寻求突破口,通过向节约投资要效益、向低效用地要效益、向标准厂房要效益、向调整结构要效益、向集约用地要效益、向压缩用地面积要效益、向闲置土地要效益、向废弃未利用土地要效益、向旧村改造要效益九条措施破解了土地制约瓶颈,缓解了用地矛盾,确保了全市经济又好又快发展。     

文登市宋村镇农村土地流转探索

随着我国社会的发展和经济体制改革的不断深入,农村土地流转的方式越来越多,范围越来越广。如何在保障农户土地承包经营权的前提下,推进土地承包经营权有序流转,提高农业产业化水平是深化农村改革的一个现实课题和长远目标。该文以宋村镇农村土地承包经营权流转的调查数据为例,分析了土地流转的现状和特点,指出当前存在的矛盾和问题,提出了农村土地流转机制的对策和建议。     

黑河中游花棒的开花特性与繁育系统研究

2009年5—10月在黑河流域中游定位观测了花棒的开花特性,运用人工授粉和套袋试验等方法测定了花棒的繁育系统。结果表明,花棒单朵花的花期为2～5 d。花粉属“非淀粉型”,寿命4～8 h。访花者有10余种,以膜翅目昆虫为主。授粉实验结果显示其不存在无融合生殖,自交亲和,自然条件下,虫媒在传粉过程中起决定性的作用,表明花棒的繁育系统为混合交配系统。