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11.
本文在总结和比较中国现有黄海、东海海域漫衰减系数反演算法的基础上,利用水色测量数据分析得到漫衰减系数Kd(532)与Kd(490)之间的关系,为激光测深系统(以CZMIL为例)的性能评估提供了基础。利用MODIS二级数据产品评估了中国黄海、东海海域在CZMIL海道测量模式下最大可测水深的空间分布。研究结果表明CZMIL在黄海、东海海域可测水深基本在0—50 m,该区域的面积占研究区域面积的比例为76.2%,为浅海海域开展激光测深作业提供了测深能力评估的依据和方法。 相似文献
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We investigated the impact of tuning the length scale of the background error covariance in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) three-dimensional variational assimilation(3DVAR) system.In particular,we studied the effect of this parameter on the assimilation of high-resolution surface data for heavy rainfall forecasts associated with mesoscale convective systems over the Korean Peninsula.In the assimilation of high-resolution surface data,the National Meteorological Center method tended to exaggerate the length scale that determined the shape and extent to which observed information spreads out.In this study,we used the difference between observation and background data to tune the length scale in the assimilation of high-resolution surface data.The resulting assimilation clearly showed that the analysis with the tuned length scale was able to reproduce the small-scale features of the ideal field effectively.We also investigated the effect of a double-iteration method with two different length scales,representing large and small-length scales in the WRF-3DVAR.This method reflected the large and small-scale features of observed information in the model fields.The quantitative accuracy of the precipitation forecast using this double iteration with two different length scales for heavy rainfall was high;results were in good agreement with observations in terms of the maximum rainfall amount and equitable threat scores.The improved forecast in the experiment resulted from the development of well-identified mesoscale convective systems by intensified low-level winds and their consequent convergence near the rainfall area. 相似文献
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Wither A Bamber R Colclough S Dyer K Elliott M Holmes P Jenner H Taylor C Turnpenny A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(8):1564-1579
The construction of a new generation of coastal power stations in the UK and other western European countries has highlighted the absence of robust standards for thermal discharges to transitional and coastal waters. The proposed discharge volumes are greater than hitherto, yet there has been little independent critical examination of their potential impact, whilst much of the existing guidance has been adapted from freshwater practice. This review considers the available knowledge on the tolerance and behaviour of fish and other marine biota to heated effluents. Appropriate ways are suggested of grouping fish species to reflect their sensitivity to thermal effects. The plethora of existing standards are considered and their validity assessed in a framework of predicted seawater temperature rise. Those species or groups of organisms most likely to be affected are identified and finally specific recommendations for thermal standards consistent with long term sustainability are proposed. 相似文献
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在结合丰镇井区域水文地质条件的基础上,分析了井水位变化与降雨量的关系。研究结果表明:开展水位(年初值、年末值、年极大值、年极小值、年际变幅和极值变幅)与年降雨量的关系研究,对区域震情的跟踪和判定具有十分重要意义。 相似文献
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利用乌鲁木齐市1990年8月6日、2001年7月11日和2013年7月4日三期热红外遥感数据,定量反演亮度温度,利用均值-标准差法对温度进行分级后评价城市热岛效应时间变化特征:1990、2001、2013年3个时段,乌鲁木齐市最大热岛强度分别为11.48℃,12.06℃和14.01℃;加权平均热岛强度分别为1.033℃,1.603℃,1.236℃;城市热岛比例指数分别为0.1054,0.3945和0.4328;乌鲁木齐市城市热岛效应在平均水平上呈现先增强、后减弱的趋势,最大热岛强度、热岛比例指数均增加,城市已初步形成区域内的"热岛",城市高温区温度将继续上升且面积存在扩展趋势.利用PSR模型构建指标体系对城市土地集约利用水平进行评价,在同时段内乌鲁木齐市城市土地集约利用水平和协调性均在提高.从评价结果出发,通过相关分析,得出基于土地集约利用的城市热岛效应影响因子包括:人口密度、建成区绿地覆盖率、地均国民生产总值、人均建设用地面积、人均道路铺装面积、地均固定资产投资,这些因子涵盖了经济、社会、环境三个方面. 相似文献
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Argillaceous Lindsay limestone is the geologic storage formation that will be encountered at the site for the construction of a deep ground repository in Ontario, Canada, for the storage of low to intermediate level nuclear waste. The permeability of the Lindsay limestone is a key parameter that will influence the long‐term movement of radionuclides from the repository to the geosphere. This paper describes the use of both steady‐state and transient radial flow laboratory tests to determine the permeability of this argillaceous limestone. The interpretation of the tests is carried out using both analytical results and computational models of flow problems that exhibit radial symmetry. The results obtained from this research investigation are compared with the data available in the literature for similar argillaceous limestones mainly found in the Lindsay (Cobourg) formation. The experiments give permeabilities in the range of 1.0 × 10?22 to 1.68 × 10?19 m2 for radial flows that are oriented along bedding planes under zero axial stress. The factors influencing transient pulse tests in particular and the interpretation of the results are discussed. 相似文献
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Decadal changes in the subseasonal evolution and the phase-locked climatological intraseasonal fluctuation of summertime rainfall over the Korean Peninsula before and after the mid-1990s are investigated.The activity and the migration speed of the monsoon rain band over the East Asian region are altered in the recent decade,resulting in the drier conditions in late spring and the earlier onset of Changma.In early August when a climatological monsoon break was clear in the earlier decade,the precipitation has increased dramatically with a meridional coherency.The response to the enhanced convection over the South China Sea and southeastern China provides a favorable condition for more precipitation in early August through the changes in moisture transport and tropical cyclone passage. 相似文献
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从表征地震断层错动引起的地震强度的一个力学量(地震矩)出发,依据不同断层性质地震的地震矩与震级的统计关系,反演得到2003年8月16日巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗地震和2004年3月24日东乌珠穆沁旗地震的震级、断层面积、平均错距、破裂长度以及释放能量等震源参数.在利用不同机构提供的地震矩得到这2次地震面波震级的过程中发现,... 相似文献