基于近海雷达与AIS探测目标融合算法研究

利用岸基雷达站的雷达传感器以及船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)所获取的目标信息,针对近岸海域目标密集的特点,提出了一种提高雷达与AIS信息融合精度的算法。该算法在将雷达基于站心球坐标系的位置信息转换成AIS基于WGS 84坐标系的位置信息实现空间配准、以及将AIS航迹的时间通过外推法与雷达航迹时间统一起来的基础上,首先采用目标位置及航速的欧氏距离判别法,剔除一部分不符合条件的目标数据,减少参与融合的数据量,然后进一步采用模糊数学中的柯西型隶属度函数及统计加权法对航迹相似度判断。研究结果表明,本文所提出的融合算法适用于目标较密集的近海海域。     

抗拔桩基的破坏机理和承载力的研究

本文是结合干船坞规范编制中的柱基问题,在调查研究和模型试验的基础上,针对船坞底板下桩基的抗浮问题,提出的一份研究报告。我们通过同一种土层上的单桩与群桩,而群桩中又通过不同入土深度和不同桩数等方面进行了对比性的模型试验。通过分析,对抗拔单桩和群桩的破坏机理、承载力和优化的入土深度,都有了一些新的规律性的认识。研究成果已列入我国干船坞设计规范(1985),并可供其他海上和陆上的桩基工程按抗拔设计时参考。     

周期浅析

本文分析了滑动平均的数据处理方法对周期分析结果产生的影响。提出了过程变量同号积分的数据处理方法,并对亚洲西风指数序列进行了试验分析。分析结果表明,周期的长短与振幅的大小有密切关系,亚洲逐日西风指数的周期振荡具有明显的季节特征。     

解决鱼虾混获问题的刍想

在世界虾渔业中,捕捞效率最高的是虾拖网。因此国外不断改进虾拖网渔具渔法或设计新型虾拖网。在我国南海,现有的虾渔具为拖网、流刺网、张网、敷网等,也以拖网渔获量占居优势。长期以来,鱼虾混获成为世界虾拖网渔业者迫切希望解决的一个重大问题。在我国南海虾拖网渔业中,鱼虾混获问题也十分突出。 (1)南海现用的虾拖网主要是扒罟网,这些网的网目尺寸比鱼拖网小得多,尤其是     

Impact of sediment organic matter quality on the fate and effects of fluoranthene in the infaunal brittle star Amphiura filiformis

Hydrophobic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) readily adsorb to organic matter. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the quality of sedimentary organic matter for the uptake, biotransformation and toxicity of the PAH, fluoranthene (Flu), in the infaunal brittle star Amphiura filiformis. Brittle stars were exposed to a base sediment covered by a 2 cm Flu-spiked top layer (30 microg Flu/g dry wt. sed.), enriched to the same total organic carbon content with either refractory or labile organic matter. The labile carbon source was concentrated green flagellate: Tetraselmis spp. The refractory carbon source was lignin from a paper mill. Tissue concentrations of Flu both in disk and arm-fractions were determined as total Flu, parent Flu (i.e. untransformed), aqueous Flu-metabolites, polar Flu-metabolites and tissue residue Flu (i.e. unextractable). Our results showed that sediment particle ingestion is a pathway by which Flu can enter benthic food webs. Flu toxicity (measured as arm-regeneration), but not net accumulation, was dependent on the nutritional quality of the ingested sediment particles. Flu bioaccumulation could not be attributed solely to equilibrium partitioning between organism lipid content and organic content of the sediment. Biotransformation of Flu by brittle stars was very limited and unaffected by organic matter quality. A. filiformis contributed to the downward transport of Flu from the surface sediment to the burrow lining. The limited breakdown of parent Flu by brittle stars and/or microorganisms was relatively higher in burrows compared to surface sediment, and highest in the presence of labile organic matter. Tissue concentrations were higher in disk than in arms, but the proportion of metabolic products relative to parent Flu was higher in arms than in the disk fraction. We estimate that the yearly mobilization of sediment-associated Flu by arm-regeneration in A. filiformis is in the range of 3.8-29.4 microg total Flu eq. m(-2) year(-1) at a sediment concentration of 30 microg Flu/g dry wt. sed.     

渔业与埃尔—尼诺预报

埃尔－尼诺事件，不仅仅是海洋与气象的理论问题，而且已成为有商业价值的经济问题。在渔业部门已将它作为渔业管理的参数之一。本文简略地介绍埃尔－尼诺与渔业关系；而且用中国南海西沙气象台３２年的资料，根据数理统计原理，建立预报埃尔－尼诺方程。这种预报方法，便于渔业部门使用，也是一种补充预报方法。     

第十三届海洋测绘综合性学术研讨会开幕词

各位委员、各位代表: 中国测绘学会第六届海洋测绘专业委员会第一次全体会议暨第十三届海洋测绘综合性学术研讨会现在开幕！ 出席本次会议的有来自交通部、水利部、国家海洋局、国家测绘局、中国科学院、各大专院校、科     

新月细柱藻（Cylindrotheca closterium）种复合体研究

研究并建立采自胶州湾的11株大小存在差异的新月细柱藻单克隆培养体系。对其核编码的SSU rDNA基因和叶绿体编码的rbcL基因进行了克隆和测序。序列分析表明，11株C．closterium的SSU rDNA基因和rbcL基因存在很大的序列变异。依据rhcL基因核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸残基变异则明显小于核苷酸变异。分别通过两基因核苷酸序列构建的邻接（Neighbor joining，NJ）系统发育树将11株C．closterium分成相同的6个分支（clade）。通过SSU rDNA基因构建的NJ树将所有的细柱藻聚为一支。SSU rDNA基因NJ树将细柱藻分为2个明显的支系（lineage）：支系Ⅰ由12株C．closterium组成，包括本实验分离到的全部11株C．closterium，该支系中部分节点没有得到较高的支持率（〈50％）；支系Ⅱ包括2株C．closterium和1株C．fusiformis。在rbcL基因NJ树中细柱藻也形成2个支系，11株C．closterium组成1个支系，系统树中每个节点均得到很高的支持率（〉70％）。统计分析表明，支系Ⅰ中株系间的平均遗传距离高于其它微藻种的种内变异程度，差异极显著（P〈0．01）。上述分析结果证实C．closterium实际上是1个种复合体（species complex），可以被细分为若干个种。     

Contamination of organotin compounds and imposex in molluscs from Vancouver,Canada

Gastropods and bivalves were collected at 15 sites at Vancouver and Victoria, Canada between 24 May and 7 June, 1999, to establish tissue concentrations of butyltin and phenyltin compounds, to record imposex symptoms in gastropods, and to assess the present status of organotin contamination around Vancouver. No neogastropods (such as Nucella lima) were found around Vancouver. Neogastropod populations could have been extirpated by severe TBT contamination in Vancouver, as relatively high concentrations of TBT were detected in tissues of Mytilus trossulus from Vancouver, and the neogastropods distributed in Vancouver might be sensitive to TBT. Recovery from imposex, however, was observed in neogastropod populations from three sites at Victoria and Mission Point. TBT contamination has continued around Vancouver, arising from continuous use of TBT in antifouling paints for vessels larger than 25 m in length; however, TBT has decreased around Victoria and Mission Point. Different patterns of TBT accumulation in tissue were observed among the bivalve species from Vancouver. The highest TBT concentration detected in Tresus capax suggested some possible adverse effects. TBT was the most predominant butyltin component in almost all bivalve specimens surveyed, suggesting a low rate of TBT metabolism. Phenyltin compounds were not detected in any molluscan specimens in this study.