铀的微生物Desulfovibrio desulfuricans DSM 642成矿作用:模拟实验及其意义

在我国首次报道用硫酸盐还原菌 Desulf ovibriodesulfuricans DSM 6 4 2 ,模拟我国层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿形成的主要物理化学条件 (35℃ ,p H=7.0～ 7.4 ) ,实验还原U( )和合成沥青铀矿。结果表明 ,实验经一周后 ,微生物成因沥青铀矿即生成于该菌胞表面。由此推断 ,在侏罗系砂岩中广泛繁衍的这种硫酸盐还原菌 ,可能参与了该类铀矿床的成矿作用。同时发现 ,由该实验菌实验还原生成的沥青铀矿 ,与在天然地质条件下生成的该铀矿物 ,其晶体结构的有序—无序性质存在重大差异 :在天然条件下藉长期和缓慢地沉淀、生长形成的沥青铀矿 ,其中纳米级…     

Expression of heat shock protein 70 in a permanent cell line (EPC) exposed to sediment extracts from the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

Heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70) are known to be induced by a great variety of chemical stressors. The effects of different environmental contaminants, which were identified in sediments of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea as main contaminants or as contaminants of special toxicological interest, on the extent of expression of hsp70 in a permanent cell line Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) were investigated. Concentrations of the single contaminants leading to elevated hsp70 levels were compared to the respective concentrations of these contaminants encountered in the sediment extracts thus allowing an assessment of their contribution to the toxicity of these sediments. Analysis of hsp70 was performed using western blotting techniques with subsequent comparative quantification by densitometry. Eleven of thirteen contaminants have shown a dose-dependent increase in hsp70 levels. An expression of hsp70 was observed in most cases between 0.1 and 10 microg/mL test solution. Some of the investigated stressors led to extremely high hsp70 contents even at low concentrations. However, in most cases contaminant concentrations in sediments were too low to cause an effect. For this reason, effects of the tested sediments are attributed to other contaminants or rather to mixtures of stressors.     

西北非深海边缘--潜在的含油气区

在西北大西洋盆地以外范围内 ,可划分出以下沉积盆地 :西摩洛哥、塔尔法亚—艾伊翁和塞内加尔。这些盆地的深海边缘被认为是潜在的烃类聚集区。对地质—地球化学资料和钻探岩心的分析证明了这个地区潜在的含油气可能性。具有巨厚的沉积层 (3～ 9km) ,存在着大量的局部构造 ,雄厚的亚尔俾—赛诺曼期生油母岩 ,在以下地段存在圈闭和阻挡层 :①下白垩统下部砂层 ,并被作为盖层的深海页岩覆盖 ;②下白垩统上部分级生成物 ,如浊积岩和冲积物碎片 ;③由亚尔俾—赛诺曼期页岩补给和覆盖的亚普第冲积锥的砂层 ;④被始新统—渐新统页岩覆盖的古新统—…     

固体地球中的破裂（一）

在固体地球中，破裂是一种普遍存在的自然现象，例如风化、爆炸、普撞、断层作用、地震等等。许多关于破裂的经验性研究已论证了破裂具有形如Ｎ（ｒ）－ｒ＾－Ｄ的幂律关系，这提供了破裂是一个关于尺度分布的标度不变过程的证据。此处Ｎ（ｒ）是尺度大于ｒ的碎块的总数。因此，破裂能够从分形的观点加以描述。这一描述定量地得到了Ｇａｕｄｉｎ－Ｓｃｈｕｈｍａｎｎ关系和Ｃｈａｒｌｅｓ关系，并且足以包含尺度衰减的三种理论：Ｒｉ     

重金属对海洋围隔生态系中初级生产力的影响

1985年4月,中国和加拿大科学家首次在厦门合作进行添加重金属(Cu,Hg,Zn,Pb,Cd)的围隔生态系实验,实验是在海边大水池内的塑料袋中进行,实验结果说明低水平(ppb)混合重金属对浮游植物的影响首先表现在对光合作用速率的抑制作用,以及在浓度较低的情况下可能引起的种群演替现象,本文还阐述了颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒有机氮(PON)与初级生产力的相关性.     

1961-2008年中国西南地区极端气候变化幅度的海拔效应(英文)

A total of 12 indices of temperature extremes and 11 indices of precipitation ex-tremes at 111 stations in southwestern China at altitudes of 285-4700 m were examined for the period 1961-2008. Significant correlations of temperature extremes and elevation in-cluded the trends of diurnal temperature range, frost days, ice days, cold night frequency and cold day frequency. Regional trends of growing season length, warm night frequency, coldest night and warmest night displayed a statistically significant positive correlation with altitude. These characteristics indicated the obvious warming with altitude. For precipitation extreme indices, only the trends of consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days, wet day precipitation and the number of heavy precipitation days had significant correlations with increasing alti-tude owing to the complex influence of atmospheric circulation. It also indicated the increased precipitation mainly at higher altitude areas, whereas the increase of extreme precipitation events mainly at lowers altitude. In addition, the clearly local influences are also crucial on climate extremes. The analysis revealed an enhanced sensitivity of climate extremes to ele-vation in southwestern China in the context of recent warming.     

地中海的泥火山

最近在地中海东部海底发现了大量的泥火山。地质学家将顶部带有漏斗状火山口的并具有通向深部的管孔 ,并且可涌出混有泥质粘土质沉积物的水、气的大型圆锥形山丘称之为泥火山 ,有时伴有类同于一般火山的强烈的喷发。泥火山的产生是由于细粒岩石 (通常是富含死火山角砾岩和水的粘土 )受到强烈的挤压 ,粘土中还混有气态的硫化氢。这样的混合物形成半液态粥状物 ,以冒气泡的流质形态向上被压出。在多次重复的喷发过程中 ,海底形成了大量布满污泥、经常浸透了石油产物的地下圆丘和“烤饼”。我们发现 ,这种形成物经常可以在由俯冲作用产生的增生…     

Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China

Concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Fe) in surface sediments from nine sites in western Xiamen Bay and its vicinity were studied in order to understand current metal contamination due to urbanization and economic development in Xiamen, China. The sediment samples were collected in December 2004 and July 2005 respectively in order to examine temporal variations. In this study, we found that heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments sampled in the western Xiamen Bay and adjacent Maluan Bay and Yuandang Lagoon varied from 19 to 97mg kg(-1) for Cu, 45 to 60mg kg(-1) for Pb, 65 to 223mg kg(-1) for Zn, 0.11 to 1.01mg kg(-1) for Cd, 37 to 134mg kg(-1) for Cr, 25 to 65mg kg(-1) for Ni and 3.08 to 4.81% for Fe. Although all metal concentrations in sediments meets Chinese National Standard Criteria for Marine Sediment Quality, both metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I(geo)) show that Pb contamination exists in the entire study area and contamination of other metals are also present in some locations depending on the sources, of which sewage outlets and commercial ports are the main sources of contaminants to the area. This study shows that using the sediment quality standard criteria only to assess sediments cannot properly reflect sediment contamination. A multiple approaches should be applied for the sediment quality assessment.     

四川江油渔洞子飞仙关组巨鲕灰岩的成因解释——在微观及超微世界里认识华南早三叠世巨鲕灰岩的成因

作为错时相沉积之一的巨鲕灰岩在我国华南早三叠世地层中广泛出现,在寒武纪之后本已消失的这种沉积类型为什么会在早三叠世又重新出现?在四川江油渔洞子下三叠统飞仙关组鲕粒灰岩的底部,产有一套巨鲕灰岩,通过高倍显微镜及扫描电镜的深入研究,首次发现在巨鲕灰岩的鲕粒和围岩中充满丰富的疑似底栖蓝细菌、疑似颗粒状浮游蓝细菌及其他超微化石。根据这些疑似底栖蓝细菌的结构和构造特点,可以划分出下列几种类型:疑似蛛网状蓝细菌,疑似微球状蓝细菌,疑似网格状蓝细菌,疑似蠕虫状蓝细菌,疑似直管状蓝细菌,疑似链状蓝细菌,疑似花瓣状蓝细菌和Renalsis,疑似颗粒状浮游蓝细菌(主要有两种类型:简单的椭球粒和螺旋状球粒)。超微化石包括钙球和铃铛形超微化石。疑似底栖和浮游蓝细菌及其他超微生物的大量繁盛,是二叠纪-三叠纪之交海洋生态环境恶化、海洋底栖动物大灭绝所产生的后果。这一发现不仅使我们在微观世界和超微世界里重新认识巨鲕灰岩的成因,它是生物和沉积两种主要因素共同作用的结果,从而对巨鲕灰岩的时代分布做出了很好的解释;同时,也可以帮助我们重塑当时该地区的海洋古生态系统。